Coalition pull-out from Iraq gathers pace
By Peter Spiegel in London
Published: January 26 2005 22:19 | Last updated: January 26 2005 22:19
FT.com
Even as US forces struggle to stabilise Iraq during the tense election
period, they may soon face another challenge following Sunday’s vote: the
determination of several coalition members to withdraw thousands of troops
from the region.
Several allied countries, many of them eastern European, that were part of
the original “New Europe” group backing the Iraqi war have said they will
either completely withdraw or substantially reduce their forces in Iraq
after the January 30 elections.
The largest reduction is expected to come from Ukraine, which currently has
some 1,600 troops in Iraq, making it the sixth-largest contingent. Earlier
this month, outgoing President Leonid Kuchma ordered the defence ministry to
draw up plans to begin a complete withdrawal by the middle of the year,
after eight Ukrainian soldiers were killed in an explosion.
The move has been backed by incoming President Viktor Yushchenko, who
campaigned on a promise to bring the troops home. “The withdrawal of the
Ukrainian peacekeeping force is one of our priorities,” said a statement by
Mr Yushchenko’s political organisation. He was planning to address it soon
after taking office last weekend.
The move follows a decision by Poland, one of the US’s closest allies in the
Iraq war and with the fifth-largest contingent of 2,400 troops, to reduce
its presence by nearly a third, to 1,700, by the end of next month. The
Polish government has faced intense political pressure domestically, where
its participation is increasingly unpopular, and the reduction may be
followed by a complete withdrawal by the end of the year.
Polish military officers, who command the multinational division in
south-central Iraq, have said their reduced numbers combined with a
Ukrainian withdrawal could force them to cut the number of provinces they
patrol – a decision that may force the US to fill the gaps.
Another eastern European ally, Hungary, had intended to leave its 300 troops
through the elections, but the plan was voted down by parliament, and all
Hungarian forces – save for some logistical personnel responsible for
bringing back military equipment – arrived home last month.
Not all of the countries pulling out forces are from eastern Europe,
however. Earlier this month Jan Peter Balkenende, the Dutch prime minister,
said the Netherlands would move forward with its plan to withdraw its 1,400
troops by the end of March despite intense US and British pressure.
“I understand the feelings of the Americans and British, but even they can’t
avoid the conclusion that the Netherlands has delivered a considerable
contribution in that area of Iraq,” he told reporters.
In addition, Portugal said earlier this month that it would end its
120-strong police mission in Iraq on February 12. Those moves follow Spain’s
withdrawal last year and the refusal of several western European Nato
members – including France, Germany, Belgium, and Spain – to participate in
the alliance’s new training mission in Baghdad, a stance that has infuriated
American officials.
“When it comes time to perform a mission, it seems to us to be quite awkward
for suddenly members in that international staff to say, ‘I’m unable to go
because of this national caveat or national exception’,” Colin Powell,
outgoing secretary of state, said last month. “You are hurting the
credibility and the cohesion of such an international staff or
organisation.”
Despite the growing number of withdrawals, there will still be 24 countries
other than the US and Britain with troops after the announced departures.
Italy, with the largest European contingent, has vowed to keep its 3,100
troops in the region, and South Korea actually increased its presence in the
north of Iraq to 3,600 late last year, making it the largest force other
than the US and UK.
In addition, some of the European Nato members pulling troops out of Iraq –
including Poland, the Netherlands and Hungary – have agreed to send forces
back as part of a security force attached to the Nato training mission.
US officials have vowed to continue to push for more foreign troops,
insisting that requests for help are made frequently by President George W.
Bush during bilateral meetings with world leaders. Some senior US officials
hope that the United Nations-backed election will be a spur to encourage new
deployments.
“After this election is over, we have a chance now to, as an international
community, support a new, elected Iraqi government,” Condoleezza Rice,
incoming secretary of state, said during her recent confirmation hearings.
“And it may be a time that we can enhance the contributions of some members
of the international community.”
It is an effort that may have already paid off, albeit in a small way: last
month, Armenia voted to send 46 soldiers to southern Iraq.
The troops arrived in the southern Iraqi town of Hilla on Friday.