Turkey Allows a First New Year for a Tiny Minority
By KATHERINE ZOEPF
New York Times
Published: April 4, 2005
MIDYAT, Turkey, April 1 – A windswept hilltop here in southeastern
Anatolia has become the site for a reunion that once would have
been unthinkable, as thousands of Assyrians from across the region
have converged to openly celebrate their New Year in Turkey for the
first time.
Like many other expressions of minority ethnic identity, the Assyrian
New Year, or Akito, had been seen by Turkey as a threat. But this
year, the government, with an eye toward helping its bid to join
the European Union, has officially allowed the celebration by the
Assyrians, members of a Christian ethnic group that traces its roots
back to ancient Mesopotamia.
Yusuf Begtas, one of the celebration’s organizers, said that because
most of Turkey’s tiny Assyrian population – about 6,000 people in all
– lives in a heavily Kurdish region that has seen frequent clashes
between the Turkish government and Kurdish militias, strong assertions
of Assyrian ethnicity have long been politically impossible. But
Turkey’s political culture has been changing rapidly.
“Turkey is showing itself to the E.U.,” Mr. Begtas said. “When we
asked the authorities for permission to celebrate this year, we knew
it wouldn’t be possible for them to deny us now. Turkey has to show
the E.U. that it is making democratic changes.”
The festivities here on Friday were the culmination of a celebration
that started on March 21, the first day of the Assyrian New
Year. Behind Mr. Begtas, on a raised stage near the wall of the Mar
Aphrem monastery, a balding baritone sang in Syriac, the Assyrians’
language, a Semitic tongue similar to Aramaic.
He was followed by a group of girls wearing mauve satin folk costumes,
dancing in lines with their arms linked. They were cheered on by an
audience of about 5,000, including large groups of visiting ethnic
Assyrians from Europe, Syria and Iraq.
Iraq, where Akito is celebrated openly, has the world’s largest
population of Assyrians, about a million. Most of Turkey’s Assyrians
were killed or driven away during the Armenian massacres early in
the last century, and the bullet scars on some of Midyat’s almost
medieval-looking sandstone buildings still bear witness to those times.
In recent years, Assyrians have suffered quieter forms of persecution
and discrimination. Since the 1980’s, under those pressures, thousands
of Assyrians have emigrated abroad. Kurds, with whom Assyrians have
long had a tense relationship, are now a majority in Midyat, which
until just a generation ago was 75 percent Assyrian.
Haluk Akinci, the regional governor of Nusaybin, a district next to
Midyat, suggested that the Turkish government might see allowing the
New Year celebration as a partial atonement for past persecutions.
“In the past, freedoms for minorities were not as great as they are
now,” he said, though he noted that in years past, private Assyrian New
Year celebrations had generally been ignored by the authorities. “The
Turkish government now repents that they let so many of these people
leave the country.”
After years of intense political and population pressure, the Turkish
Assyrians say, public celebrations like Akito have huge emotional
significance, and the participation of Assyrians from abroad has
become particularly meaningful.
Terros Lazar Owrah, 60, an Assyrian shopkeeper from Dohor, in northern
Iraq, said he had driven 14 hours for the opportunity to attend the
celebration. “So many of us are leaving the region,” he said. “It’s
very important for Assyrians from everywhere to get together in
one place.”
Thanks in large part to greater political freedoms granted recently in
Iraq and Turkey, the Assyrians say, a sense of pan-regional Assyrian
identity seems to be gathering strength. And though Turkey does
not have any legal Assyrian political parties, there are those who
would like to turn this rapidly developing sense of solidarity into
a political voice, even into a discussion of nationhood.
Representatives from several overseas Assyrian political parties were
present at the celebration.
Emanuel Khoshaba, an Iraqi Assyrian who represents the Assyrian
Democratic Movement in Damascus, pointed out that Midyat lies between
the Tigris and the Euphrates, the Mesopotamia that the Assyrians
believe to be their rightful homeland.
“Protecting our national days is as important to us as preserving the
soil of our nation,” Mr. Khoshaba said. “Whether they live in Iraq or
Syria or Turkey, our goal is to bring Assyrians together as a nation.”
That is unlikely to happen. With countries in the region increasingly
wary of the flowering of Kurdish nationalism in northern Iraq, smaller
nationalist movements seem to have even less of a chance of finding
political support in the region.
Still, the relaxation of Turkish antagonism toward the New Year’s
celebration was a significant enough start for many who attended.
“It’s about coming together in spite of our rulers,” said Fahmi Soumi,
an Assyrian businessman who had traveled from Damascus to attend
the Akito festivities. “When we unite like this, there is no Turkey,
no Syria and no Iran. We are one people.”
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress