Azeri Crude to Slip Out of Russia’s Stranglehold
By Simon Webb, Reuters
The Moscow Times, Russia
July 7 2006
LONDON – The mammoth Baku-Ceyhan pipeline from Azerbaijan to the
Mediterranean is a step toward freeing Caspian oil from Russia’s
stranglehold but the grip will not be broken until Kazakhstan finds
new export routes, analysts say.
The $4 billion pipeline, due to be inaugurated next week, will pump
from 300,000 to 400,000 barrels per day of Azeri crude to Turkey’s
Ceyhan port and international markets by the end of this year, rising
to a million bpd in 2008.
It is the first time large volumes of crude will be exported from the
Caspian oil producing region of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan
without going through northern neighbor Russia.
"Baku-Ceyhan does not break Russia’s stranglehold," said Alfa Bank’s
Moscow-based chief strategist Chris Weafer.
"What was much more important were the projects coming behind it. But
they haven’t happened. The big prize now that the major oil companies
are after is the line from Kazakhstan."
Exports from the emerging energy giant of Kazakhstan are mostly via
Russia to the Black Sea through the Caspian Pipeline Consortium.
Russia has repeatedly blocked Kazakh plans to double the Caspian
Pipeline’s capacity from the current 700,000 bpd, claiming it would
put further strain on the congested Turkish Straits.
Expansion of the Caspian Pipeline is vital for Kazakhstan, which
hopes to triple its oil output to over 3 million bpd by 2015.
Looking for an alternative, the Kazakhs joined the Baku-Ceyhan project
in mid-June.
The most direct connection would be a pipeline under the Caspian from
Kazakh fields to Baku. But that option is out of the question without
permission from Russia, Iran and Turkmenistan. Environmental groups
also oppose the pipeline.
"The Russians and the Iranians are going to do all they can to block
something like that," said analyst Julian Lee at the Centre for Global
Energy Studies.
"It is very difficult given the disagreements we have over Caspian
Sea ownership."
For now, oil companies operating in Kazakhstan are planning to build
new terminals on either side of the Caspian and use tankers to ship
Kazakh crude across the sea.
Lee said he doubted the region had the shipyard capacity to build
the tankers needed for large volumes to move that way. Large-scale
Kazakh exports through the Baku-Ceyhan line were unlikely before 2010,
Kazakh’s energy minister said last week.
The U.S. gave heavy political support to the Baku-Ceyhan pipeline as it
sought to counter Russia’s control over the region, diversify its own
crude supply and lessen its growing dependency on Middle Eastern oil.
"From a diplomatic point of view for the West it makes a lot of
sense," said Frank Verrastro, director of the energy program at the
Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies.
"It’s non-OPEC, non Persian Gulf oil and the transit route is outside
of Russia."
The 1770 km pipeline also avoids the Turkish straits, where crude
carriers can be subject to long delays during winter.
But some analysts question how much more reliable Azerbaijan is in
the long term than any other exporter.
"From my point of view I’m not sure that Azeri crude is really any
more reliable than Russian crude," said Carl Calabro, director of
market analysis at PFC Energy. "The Azeris have problems with Armenia
and the Turks have problems in eastern Turkey."