TURKEY AND THE EU DRIFT APART OVER MEMBERSHIP BID
By Benjamin Harvey, Associated Press Writer

The Associated Press
November 5, 2006 Sunday 9:19 PM GMT

The cautious courtship between Turkey and the European Union looks
like it might be headed for a messy and acrimonious breakup.

They were a mismatched couple from the beginning: one wealthy, mostly
Christian and liberal, the other far poorer, overwhelmingly Muslim and
largely conservative. Perhaps it’s no surprise the initial optimism
over Turkey’s bid to join the bloc has deteriorated into mutual
recriminations and a seemingly hopeless inability to communicate.

The mood is likely to worsen after Wednesday when the EU releases
a progress report on Turkey’s bid which says Ankara is dragging its
feet on reform and failing to meet minimum human rights standards,
according to a draft copy viewed by The Associated Press.

The consequences of worsening relations between Turkey and the EU
could be dramatic and far-reaching: At stake is an ambitious vision
of bringing a Muslim nation into European society, proving that a
clash of civilizations between the West and Islam is not inevitable.

Many analysts say that is why negotiations are likely to continue
for the foreseeable future, with neither side committing to a clean
split that would send the message to Muslims everywhere that the West
is not prepared to deal with them on equal footing.

"Of course I support the EU (bid)," said Bayram Kapici, a 38-year-old
security guard in Istanbul. "But the question is, what will our place
in the EU be? I mean, we’re Muslims. Are we barbarians? How will they
see us?"

For the moment, enthusiasm toward Turkey’s bid has cooled dramatically
on both sides, and Turkish leaders’ passionate claims it could
bridge the gap between Europe and the Muslim world are starting to
ring hollow.

Turkish public support for membership has fallen below 50 percent,
and many believe that perceived insults from the EU in the form of
frequent criticism and seemingly endless demands for reform play
directly into the hands of nationalists and Islamists who are largely
opposed to the bid.

Europeans, meanwhile, have a litany of complaints about Turkey,
including its poor record on human rights, intolerance to free speech
and hardline attitudes toward adultery and homosexuality.

Many Europeans also say Turkey has refused to look objectively at its
past, notably the massacre of Armenians after World War I that many
historians call a genocide. Turkey acknowledges that large numbers
of Armenians died, but says the overall figure is inflated and that
the deaths occurred in the civil unrest during the collapse of the
Ottoman Empire.

Many Turks fault the country’s old rivals Greece and Cyprus for the
growing acrimony, claiming they are lobbying the EU to take a hard
line over Turkey’s refusal to open its ports to planes and ships
from the Greek-speaking part of Cyprus. Turkey does not recognize
the Cypriot government and props up the internationally unrecognized
administration in the north of the island.

A last-ditch meeting last week to settle the Cyprus issue was canceled,
leaving the Turks with very little time to negotiate before the EU’s
year-end deadline to concede or see talks suspended.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel said in remarks released Sunday that
the standoff over Cyprus was "very serious." Asked if the talks
would be frozen, she said: "The EU cannot simply carry on. Turkey
must understand that there will be no simple ‘carry on’ if there is
no movement" on Cyprus.

If talks collapse, the symbolic value of having an overwhelmingly
Muslim, democratic nation firmly integrated into the West would be
lost. Turkey’s 71 million citizens, taught to look to Europe for
inspiration since the secular Turkish state was founded in the 1920s,
might look elsewhere for positive reinforcement.

The Islamic countries of the Middle East, Central Asia and North
Africa, with which Turkey’s Islamic-rooted government has been forging
increasingly close ties, could be natural surrogates.

"Nationalists are benefiting from this, there’s no question about it,"
said pollster and political science professor Hakan Yilmaz.

But many Turks feel that a complete breakup with the EU is out of
the question.

Yilmaz said many EU leaders were just playing to the crowd by publicly
belittling Turkey.

"Some in the European Union public love this humiliation particularly
in France," he said, alluding to a proposed French law that would
make it a crime to deny the Turkish genocide of Armenians.

Meanwhile, some leading politicians on both sides are trying to
make the relationship so miserable that Turkey will just walk away
on its own, said Ilter Turan, a political analyst at Istanbul Bilgi
University.

Turan said, however, the government would be excoriated by the Turkish
public if it walked away from the EU, despite the current anti-EU
mood in the country.

The key question appears to be how to persuade Turkey to reform
without damaging national pride.

"There is one thing where the Turkish public seems to be rather
adamant," Turan said. "If there is to be a union, it is to be on
equal grounds."

Associated Press Writer Stephen Graham contributed to this report
from Berlin.