Kurdish Aspect, CO
Oct 19 2007

Behind the Turkey-Kurdish Conflict

SearchWarp.com – By Stephen John Morgan

The Kurds are an ancient people tracing their roots back to 3000 B.C.
With over 40 million Kurds estimated to be spread out in a arc of
territory stretching from Syria across Turkey and Iran, they are
considered to be the world’s largest ethnic group without their own
homeland.

At the end of the 1 st World War their territories fell victim to the
redrawing of the map of the Middle East leaving them dived and
stateless. They have survived because of their national pride and
culture, which, despite differences in linguistic dialects, allow
them to share a common language, folklore, music and festivals
distinct from their Arabic, Persian and Turkish oppressors.

For the last century they have resisted all attempts to viciously
suppress their identity from banning of their language and the right
to hold Kurdish names as in Turkey, who until recently refused to
even recognize their existence as distinct form other Turks. And
worse still when they became the victims of mass killings during the
regime of Saddam Hussein.

But times are changing and largely because of the relative peace and
prosperity enjoyed in the autonomous region of northern Iraqi
Kurdistan. Ever since 1991, they have enjoyed a level of
self-government through the British and US no-fly zone and since the
fall of Hussein the country has flourished economically, politically
and culturally. Although key participants in the Iraqi government,
they already enjoy virtual independence. They have control over their
own substantial oil fields and the Army and Police are made up
overwhelmingly of former Iraqi Kurdish Peshmerga guerrillas –
ferocious mountain fighters over whom the central Iraqi government
and military has no control or capacity to challenge and whom the US
has had to depend on for cooperation in sustaining peace in the
North.

Turkey charges that the Iraqi Kurdish authorisations are harbouring
and allowing thousands PKK guerrillas (Turkish separatist Kurdish
insurgents) on their territory from which they are able to find safe
haven, raise finances, take advantage of the possibilities to
organize and to instigate cross border raids on Turkey across the
Candil mountains which separate the two countries. Iran has also made
similar complaints against the Pejak group of Iranian Kurdish
guerrillas who are attacking Iran and Iran has already retaliated
with incursions and attacks on their bases. (The Pejak group although
formerly a terrorist organisation is supported by the CIA as part of
US efforts to de-stabilize the Iranian regime.)

In Eastern Turkey some 37,000 people have died in the conflict over
Kurdish rights. The PKK has recently increased its attacks on Turkish
troops and civilian, the deaths of some 13 troops and 30 civilians
recently has outraged Turkish public opinion and added to pressure
for Turkish incursions and/or an all-out invasion of Iraqi Kurdistan.
Last weeks vote by the Turkish parliament to give permission to the
Turkish army to invade or take any measures necessary against the
threat from the PKK has stemmed from theses recent events.

However, the underlying reasons for Turkey considering an invasion
lie in the pole of attraction, which Kurdish Iraq acts as for the 15
million Kurds within Turkey’s borders. Iraqi Kurdistan attacks as a
magnet drawing together the Kurdish Diaspora and offering hope of a
unified independent homeland for all Kurds. This is literally fuelled
by the enormous oil wealth Iraqi Kurdistan posses and which makes a
homeland a feasible economic, social and cultural potentiality.

Although the present Kurdish leaders proclaim that they are content
with autonomy the situation remains extremely volatile. Especially
because of the internal issue of Kirkuk, a city on the frontier of
Kurdistan which is largely Kurdish, but with large Sunni and Shiite
and Turkoman minorities. The city has huge oil wealth and it will be
subject to a referendum before the end of the year, after which it is
likely that the Kurds will proclaim it their capital instead of
Erbil. The inter-communal violence that may ensue is added to the
threat of Turkish incursions. Turkey is vehemently opposed to Kirkuk
becoming formerly Kurd as it would be seen as the final jewel in the
oil crown that could lay the basis for overall independence for Iraqi
Kurdistan. This will especially be the case if the situation in
Southern Iraq and the country as a whole continues to deteriorate and
the government is trapped in stalemate, especially over the
distribution of oil wealth nationally.

An imminent invasion is not ruled out after the parliamentary vote
(some 507 to 19 in favour), but the coming winter snows across the
mountain ranges makes it a less viable option than Spring time. It is
probable that incursions and attacks by Special Forces will be
stepped up with the use of aerial bombardment at the moment. An
all-out invasion would not necessarily be successful and the Turkish
troops could find themselves as bogged down as US forces are I the
rest of Iraq.

Thousands of PKK guerrillas are said to be massing in the mountains
to counter-attack and if the Turks were to invade they could find
themselves in combat with formidable and well-armed troops of the
former Iraqi Peshmerga guerrillas, with the official forces of the
Iraqi army and police, which they control, engaging in combat with
the Turks. Mayhem would follow and the Iraqi government and US forces
would be helpless to intervene. Furthermore, such an invasion, which
is openly supported by Syria, could embolden both Syrian and,
especially Iranian forces, to likewise invade, in order to carve up
the area between them – de facto-redrawing the map of the centre of
the Middle East.

The US and Iraq have vehemently opposed any moves and have tried
vainly to promise to somehow clamp down on the PKK activities in the
region. But these are viewed as hollow promises, without the means or
will to back them up and measures which are already to little and too
late. To make matters worse the recent vote in the Congress to name
the mass murder of Armenians by Turks in 1915 an act of genocide has
further infuriated Turkish sentiments and alienation from the US.
This could result in the closure of vital air roots that supply some
70% of the US war effort in Iraq, creating a logistical disaster for
the US.

The Kurdish issue will not be waved away by some magic wand of
diplomacy. War is inevitable at some point in the near future. But
fighting the proud and aspiring Kurds may prove to be an even greater
debacle for the Turks and their neighbours than even Iraq is for the
US.

From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress