THE CONTINUING LEGAL BATTLE OF THE SYRIAC-ORTHODOX MONASTERY IN TURKEY
Assyrian International News Agency
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May 12 2009
(AINA) — The land dispute trial of St. Gabriel Monastery in Turabdin,
Turkey was postponed for the fourth time. On May 6 a new court session
was held in Midyat, Turkey. Again the decision was postponed, this
time until May 22 and June 24.
Click here for complete coverage of the St. Gabriel Monastery case.
Nuri Kino celebrates yet another Christian feast in Turabdin in
south-eastern Turkey. In previous publications he has examined the
trials of the Syriac Orthodox monastery of Mother Gabriel. Now he
reveals that it is not only the monastery that will have their land
confiscated. Many of the villages may also have their land seized by
the Turkish state. And it will all be perfectly legal.
Click, click, click. Cameras dazzle the governor, the mayor and
the chief military officer in northern Mesopotamia. The sun is
in full gaze. It is April 19, a hot spring day, and the Orthodox
Easter Sunday. The new official face of Turkey is presented, and its
representatives will visit the Syriac Orthodox Bishop Saliba â~D¢zmen
on Christianity’s most important holiday, the day of Jesus Christ’s
resurrection. Everyone is welcome in the new Turkey, Christians as
well as Muslims, all ethnicities and religions.
The country’s new leader’s PR machine is running smoothly. Journalists
let themselves be manipulated and report to both local and national
media. The following days newspapers and television channels are filled
with the celebration of the Christian feast. And it is not only the
photo journalists’ cameras that patter, but also the tourists’. This
year, both Turkish and European tourists have found their way here
early. It is the most beautiful time of the year. Mardin’s special
several-thousand-year-old architecture is framed by blooming flowers,
with the yellow saffron flower dominating.
Mardin has more than eighty thousand inhabitants and is the
administrative capital of the province with the same name. While my
taxi is driving around one of the hills of the city, I see house after
house that used to belong to people I know, some of them relatives. The
taxi driver asks if I have been in the town before. I can not help
my sad smile. I point to the stately houses and tell of my relatives
who once lived there. He asks where they are now. I reply that their
children are in Istanbul and spread out over Europe, North America,
the Middle East and Australia. He shakes his head and says it is sad
that so few people have returned. His name is Hikmet and he is Assyrian
himself. According to him, some people returned after the earthquake in
western Turkey in 1999. There are now some eighty Assyrian families in
Mardin, but they used to be the majority population of the city. I get
off the car at the same time as the Governor and the other prominent
people leave the bishop. Photographers and tourists fight to get the
best picture of them.
Some hours later I am in the taxi again, now with the Swedish pastor
Bertil Bengtsson and his daughter, journalist Marie Starck. We are
heading to my native town Midyat and the monastery Mor (Saint)
Gabriel. We make a detour to a village along the road. Here are
the stories behind the camera lenses, those about persecution and
oppression. Nobody is spared from the memories filled with hatred
and brutal death.
Monday, April 20 I wake up in the famous monastery. Habib, our second
driver, is taking us to the cemetery. My father’s aunt has bought
sweets, cheese, eggs and drinks. We are going to celebrate Easter
with the locals and the dead. Priests will pray for our dead while we
will compete about who has the strongest egg. We hit the eggs against
each other. The person whose egg brakes has to give the weaker egg
to the winner. The winning young men and women fill their pockets
with eggs. We are now in Turabdin, the mountain of God’s servants,
home of churches and monasteries, one of Christianity’s most sacred
places. Everywhere there are Christians in beautiful clothes handing
out food and sweets. Turkish journalists find it exotic. The cameras
blare.
We drive away from the city and in to the villages. I am traveling with
the EU official Christos Makridis, the Belgian Assyrian journalist
Nail Beth-Kinne, and a middle aged couple from Austria. Our first
stop is Aynward, the village in Turabdin where Christians kept up the
resistance for the longest time during the genocide 1915-1920. These
are new times. With new struggles. Now it’s about the land areas that
are illegally confiscated by both the state and Kurdish neighbors. We
visit three villages with similar stories about how the state has
tricked their way to the villagers’ land. I am in Turabdin also to
write about the prosecution against the St. Gabriel Monastery. In
the evening we journey back to the monastery. The Bishop shows me
an invitation.
On Friday the 24th of April the Interior Minister Besir Atalay will go
to Turabdin to personally hand over the land registers to the villagers
that previously didn’t have papers attesting that they own the land
that they have inherited. The bishop is invited to participate in a
ceremony that will be held in one of the Christian villages, about
50 kilometers southwest of the monastery. The official Turkey says
that the minister will hand out land registers to five Christians
villages and two Muslim villages that are in disputes with the state.
One source tells the Turkish paper Today’s Zaman that the minister
will also negotiate between the St. Gabriel monastery and those
village bailiffs that claim the right to the land of the monastery. A
couple phone calls later I learn that this is not true, at least to
the knowledge of the inhabitants of Turabdin, neither those who still
reside there nor those that have once been driven out from what used
to be their homeland for thousands of years, including many who are
now European citizens.
The real reason for the minister’s visit, they say, is to cover up
the state’s illegal confiscation. The Turkish state has taken over
land that is to a large extent owned by Assyrians. They haven’t been
able to till the land for over thirty years, much because of the war
between the Turkish Army and the PKK.
Since the land hasn’t been in use the state has confiscated it. Part
of the land is today dominated by forest or is too stony to use
for farming. Land that can’t be tilled should belong to the state,
according to the law. Three quarters of many Assyrians’ property in
large parts of Turabdin is about to be confiscated by the state. It is
also worth mentioning that the 24th of April is the day that Assyrians,
Armenians and Pontic Greeks over the world hold commemorations to
acknowledge the genocide of Christians during WWI. Assyrians who lobby
for the US to officially acknowledge the genocide say that the date
is chosen on purpose, to take away focus from the manifestations and
from Obama’s speech about the genocide on the very same day.
Tuesday morning I call the Ministry of Interior. They ask for my
e-mail address. The e-mail arrives in the afternoon, and I am asked
to contact Fatih Dikici. He is listed as the contact person for the
Ministry of Interior. It turns out he is also one of the secretaries
for the Governor of Mardin.
"I have a lot to do," he says, "people are calling all the time. I
am responsible for several delegations that are visiting the Mardin
province these days."
"When is the Minister arriving?"
"We had a minister coming recently here to visit the governor."
"Is that the Minister of Interior?"
"No, he will arrive on the 23rd and stay until the 26th."
"What’s the reason for his visit?"
"He will hand out land registers for seven villages, most of them
Assyrian."
"But don’t they own the land already?"
"Yes, but they don’t have the papers to prove it, these are the ones
he will hand out."
"So the reason for the Minister’s visit is that he will hand out land
registers? " "Yes."
"Isn’t that a little bit strange?"
"No, but it’s unique."
"Will he also visit Midyat?"
"Yes, it’s in the program. " "Do you know what day and what time he
will visit the monastery St. Gabriel?"
"He will do that after the villagers have received their land
registers."
"How many people are in the delegation?"
"About thirty."
"Who are those?"
"Most of them are ambassadors that are stationed in Ankara, and then
there are Assyrians from abroad, the Minister and his people."
"Will the Minister also discuss the trials against St. Gabriel?"
"You know, as I said I have a lot to do. Could I call you back?"
Five minutes later he is back on the phone.
"The Minister isn’t coming."
"No, why not?"
"I am afraid I don’t know why."
"You haven’t been presented any reason?"
"No, we have just been told that he has to participate in something
more important. But if you wait a few minutes more you will get the
name of the person who will replace the Minister. "
Five more minutes later:
"Mr. Sertac S"nmezay, the deputy Chief of Staff at the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs will come instead. He will also stay for three days,
from the 23rd to the 26th."
"According to the paper Today’s Zaman the Minister was supposed
to negotiate between the monastery and the village bailiffs. Will
S"nmezay do that now?"
"You know, I am sorry but I can’t answer that question. You are welcome
to e-mail me your questions and I’ll forward them to the right people."
We finish the conversation.
A source at the District Attorney’s office in Mardin says that Sertac
S"nmezay’s visit has been planned for a long time, and that among
the things he will do is to review the monastery trials. In Midyat
the tradition is that the Bishop celebrates Easter and Christmas in
one of the city’s churches instead of in the monastery. Inhabitants
of Midyat, Christians and Muslims alike, the official Turkey (the
mayor and Army officers) and villagers. Everybody wants to join in and
celebrate the Christian holidays with the Bishop. Villagers come and
leave their gifts to show respect. Some of them later talk about their
problems. I, Marie Starck and Bertil Bengtsson listen in. Almost all
the villagers seem to have problem with confiscated land. A Turkish
teacher who wants to remain anonymous, says:
"There is not a village in Turabdin that does not have
problems. Everyone has lost land since the Kadestro law, the ten year
rule, was established. The state confiscates land illegally through
founding a law that gives them the right to steal. It concerns both
Muslim and Christian villages, but mostly Christian."
The trial takes place on Wednesday, April 22. Its the eighth round of
negotiations. Some one hundred people are gathered outside the court
room. Ten of them were aloud inside. Many more want to get inside. I
am looking for the Muslim village bailiffs, because I want to give my
condolences. They have suffered several family tragedies since I last
met them. While I look around I feel a hand on my shoulder. It’s one
of them, he who has lost a fourteen year old daughter. I turn around
and shake his hand, and shakes the hands of his relatives and friends
from the other villages. They want to talk to me after the trial.
Inside the small court room the state’s complaint against the
monastery is heard first, and then the monastery’s complaint against
the state. It takes about half an hour, and would have been even
shorter if the printer attached to the law clerk’s computer hadn’t
crashed. When the printouts are handed over to both parties a third
trial is called. This one concerns the village bailiffs’ accusation
that the monastery confiscates land that is considered to belong
to the state, or that should be divided between the villages. The
village bailiffs and their new lawyer is called to the stand. Right
after we are encouraged not to cross our legs, because apparently it
is not suitable in a court room.
The new lawyer lacks charisma and energy. Gone is the Ankara manner
of their last lawyer. Now they have a lawyer from Midyat, a bit more
cowardly, a bit slower. But you never know what hides beneath that
surface. The session between the bailiffs and the monastery is over
within fifteen minutes. No judgment is made, because the judge says
that the lawyers are not finished with two of the investigations
and thus have to wait for them to conclude. May 6 the drama will
continue that has engaged thousands of people over the world. On
May 22 at least three of the trials are supposed to be concluded,
and the judgment will determine if the land areas inside the walls
that the bishop has built belongs to the state or to the monastery.
Outside the court room one of the sons of the bailiffs is waiting
for me. The cameras blare against parliamentarian Yilmaz Kerimo
from Sweden, the embassy secretary of Germany, the EU commission’s
secretary for Turkey and Assyrians from Europe that have come to
cover the trial. The bailiffs are in the parking lot; no journalists
are interested in photographing or talking with them. I once again
give them my condolences. Three accidents have hit them. One where
two people, a young mother and her daughter, died in a fire. Another
where a teenage girl fell into a ravine and broke her neck. A third
happened a couple of days before the trial, when a young man died
from an electric shock.
"The women in our villages have worn black ever since we last met. It
has to end. Accident after accident haunt us. Please tell them
not to pray that we should be struck by accidents. It is said that
St. Gabriel’s wrath has befallen us. We are just innocent farmers,"
says an older man that wants to be anonymous.
The village bailiff Ismail Erkal that I visited last time I was in
Turabdin is mostly quiet. He lets the other’s talk. When they have
finished he takes over, he wants to speak to me in private.
"Tell the Bishop that we are tired, that neither he nor we wants
this. This has cost us a lot of money ant it cost all of you that
travel back and forth a lot of money and energy. Let us end this
here. It is other people who are behind this whole dispute. We feel
fooled and insulted. We are tired, please ask the Bishop to have an
unofficial meeting with us. Negotiate between us."
"But you testified against the monastery as late as April 4, and
according to what I heard you have made new accusations against the
monastery. Is that not right?"
"Yes, that’s correct. But it is not us. We are used like pawns in
a game."
I am taken aback by the village bailiffs’ words who earlier were
almost fanatical in their statements against Christianity and the
monastery but who now seem more like tired, fooled and suppressed
farmers that have had to suffer several personal tragedies. They are
ready to speak out about how it all began and what other powers have
manipulated them to start these processes.
In the evening I keep my promise and talk to the Bishop. His response
is that it isn’t the first time the bailiffs say that they want to
solve the conflict, but that the problem is that they don’t keep their
word. He wants to solve it the legal way. The monastery ‘s lawyer
promised in a hearing after the court session that he would appeal
to the European court if the monastery against all odds would loose
in the Supreme Court in Ankara. Turkey has apparently been convicted
in similar cases that Armenians and Greeks have appealed twice. But
no one want it to go the Supreme Court or further, they want to solve
it in Midyat — as soon as possible.
Friday April 24 I am back home in S"dertâ~@~^lje, my home city that
hosts twenty thousands Assyrians (who also call them themselves Syriacs
and Chaldeans). I watch the evening news. Obama kept his promise, he
mentioned the genocide of Christians in his speech. Though he didn’t
call it genocide. He "just" said that Armenians have been massacred and
deported. Assyrians over the world are happy anyway that an American
president mentions the genocide on its day of acknowledgment. In
my parent’s home we light a candle. On the TV I see that the Bishop
Samuel Aktas was invited to hold a speech. St. Gabriel’s lawyer Rudi
SÂ~Amer held the speech.
While continuing watching the news I’m thinking of something a man
said when I still was in Turabdin:
"But these are new times. Now blood isn’t flowing, now land is
confiscated. And that according to the law. They create laws to
take the last of what we have, it feels like a prolongation of the
genocide," said a German resident who was in Midyat to try to win
against the state in a case concerning his father’s land that has
now been confiscated by the state because it hasn’t been used in
twenty years.
Three weeks ago Barack Obama finished his trip through Europe by
visiting Turkey. He wanted to send a signal. He wants to see the
country become a member of the EU. It has given hope to the small
remaining Christian population. Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik
Reinfeldt was there at the same time I was. He also wants to see
Turkey in the EU. Both government chiefs pointed out that Turkey
first has to guarantee the rights of minorities.
The Turkish ruling party AKP has in the latest years placed itself
in the arena of international politics through massive engagement for
peace in countries like Lebanon, Israel, Palestine and Syria. Nearly
every day international press cameras blare against the Turkish
Prime Minister, president, Minister for EU and Foreign Minister. The
resurgence of the Turkish self-confidence can be felt everywhere. The
American president and the Swedish prime minister’s speech and
engagement to bring Turkey closer to Europe has given the country
a boost.
Behind Turkey’s international engagements, president Obama’s interest
for the country and Reinfeldt’s struggle for its EU membership, the
cameras don’t blare. There in the dark an ugly game goes on. Yilmaz
Kerimo wrote a question to Reinfeldt before the prime minister’s
trip to Turkey. Kerimo wanted to know if Reinfeldt was going to
raise the question about the monastery ‘s land with the Turkish
government. Foreign Minister. Carl Bildt responded.
"Sweden and EU continue to take up all these questions with Turkey. For
example, Sweden remains one of the driving forces to acknowledge the
case with the St. Gabriel monastery. From the Swedish side we will
continue to have talks with officials from the Turkish government,
on different levels and in different settings, where we will push for
full respect for among other things that it is necessary to respect
the rights of minorities for a EU membership to be possible."
Maybe there is hope for one of the world’s most beautiful
countries. I really hope so. But first Gabriel must be left alone
and the inhabitants of Turabdin that have been cheated of their land
has to get redress. The Turkish prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan
has according to the paper Hurriyet also been involved and has
said that he will follow the trials against St. Gabriel with great
interest. Myself, I will also continue to investigate what happens
behind the blaring cameras.