The National , UAE
July 13 2009

Scars of war will take time to heal
Daniel Bardsley, Correspondent

Last Updated: July 13. 2009 12:03AM UAE / July 12. 2009 8:03PM GMT

KHRAMORT, ARMENIA // It is nearly 15 years since the Armenian
residents of this village in disputed Nagorno-Karabakh began returning
to their homes, but the scars of the six-year conflict with Azerbaijan
will take longer to heal.

Almost all of those who lived in this sleepy village ` now in the
self-declared independent state of Nagorno-Karabakh ` lost a family
member in the war that ultimately claimed as many as 30,000 lives,
both Armenian and Azerbaijani.

For Roza Ghahramanyan, it is her son, Ashot, for whom she continues to
grieve. In 1991, the 18-year-old became another statistic of the war.

`He was just a young man studying in Yerevan [the capital of
Armenia]. He came here and went to the frontline and he was killed,’
Mrs Ghahramanyan, 75, said as she clutched a black and white
photograph of her son.

Before the conflict erupted, relations between the Armenian majority
in Khramort and the `two or three’ Azeri families were good, according
to Ashot Ohanyan, 52, a farmer. Those few Azeris left the village as
the situation deteriorated in the run-up to the conflict.

The Armenians were cleared out when Azeri forces swept through in late
1991, according to villagers, leaving a wake of destruction behind
them.

After the conflict ended in 1994, Armenians began to return to
Khramort, but according to Mr Ohanyan, only about 250 people live in
the village now, a quarter of the original total. Many have gone to
Russia or Armenia, he said, because there is no opportunity for them
in Nagorno-Karabakh.

`It would have been better if there had been no war and they had just
separated us by quiet means,’ said the 52-year-old, whose elder
brother Hovsep was killed by a mine in 1995.

`For freedom [the conflict] was worth it, but it wasn’t good to have
so many sacrifices. They could have solved the problem in a peaceful
way. They solved the problem in Abkhazia [the disputed region in
Georgia that has declared independence] quickly, but ours is so long.’

The war between Christian-ethnic Armenians and Muslim-ethnic Azeris
over Nagorno-Karabakh lasted for nearly six years.

Nagorno-Karabakh had been an Armenian-majority enclave in Azerbaijan,
but is now a self-declared independent state not recognised by any
nation, not even Armenia, on which it remains heavily dependent for
defence and economic survival. Although apart from the occasional
skirmish at the frontlines, the guns have been silent since the 1994
ceasefire, a peace deal remains elusive.

Last year, in talks near Moscow hosted by the Russian president Dmitry
Medvedev, Armenia and Azerbaijan agreed to a framework about coming to
a permanent solution. Ahead of a planned meeting in Russia between the
Armenian and Azerbaijani presidents on July 17, a recent joint
statement from the Russian, French and American presidents called on
the pair to `resolve the few remaining differences’ and finalise an
agreement on Nagorno-Karabakh.

Many, however, believe a political solution is not imminent, and with
Azerbaijan having announced just over a year ago it was increasing its
annual defence budget from $1.3 billion (Dh4.8bn) to $2bn, there is
speculation conflict could erupt again. The absence of a peace
agreement also makes it harder for Armenia to establish diplomatic
relations with Turkey, since Azerbaijan is not keen for its ally
Turkey to agree to their creation without the Nagorno-Karabakh
situation resolved. For the people of Khramort, the lack of a solution
makes them wonder what Armenia’s military victory achieved.

`The sacrifices were not worth it for what we have now,’ said Mrs
Ghahramanyan. `Maybe we could have lived with them together, the
Azeris, and so many people wouldn’t have died.

`I don’t understand anything. Why don’t they solve our problems? Why
should we wait 15 years with no solution? They are just making
meetings and they don’t get any solution.’

Another villager, Manya Aghadjanyan, 57, lost two close relatives.

Her first three sons died in childhood, so she gave her fourth son an
Azeri name, Mamed, as these are said to lead to a long life. However,
Mamed was killed in 1992 when he was 18 while in the army.

Six years later, Mrs Aghadjanyan’s nephew, Sergey, died when his car
struck a mine while he was driving in Agdam, an abandoned former Azeri
city visible in the distance from Khramort.

`It was a great loss,’ said Mrs Aghadjanyan, who lives with her
husband and her daughter Anush, 17, who has Down’s syndrome. Her
husband works as a gardener, but he has a bad back and Mrs Aghadjanyan
said his income was only enough to pay for his medicine and
cigarettes. `I’m a sick person and I cannot work,’ she said.

dbardsley@thenational.ae
http://www.thenati onal.ae/article/20090713/FOREIGN/707129884/1002