GORKY’S MYSTERIOUS, EROTIC ART INTRIGUES IN TATE SHOW: REVIEW
Review by Martin Gayford
Bloomberg
ews?pid=20601088&sid=a.EyUebZ51yA
Feb 16 2010
Feb. 16 (Bloomberg) — Arshile Gorky (c.1904-1948) had a tragic life
and a poignantly short career as a mature artist. It seems hardhearted,
therefore, to say that the new retrospective of his work at Tate Modern
is too big, all the more since Gorky was, at his best, a great painter.
On the evidence of this London show, his work is a case in which less
exhibits would have meant more impact. Almost half the exhibition is
over before we reach his breakthrough into originality in the early
1940s. Several rooms are filled with his emulations of Paul Cezanne,
Pablo Picasso, Jean Miro and others. While everyone has influences,
this makes a discouraging beginning.
After these long struggles to find himself as a painter came a period
in which, along with Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning, Gorky was
at the forefront of the most exciting movement in art. He invented
a novel type of abstraction, or near-abstraction: loose and free,
yet filled with floating objects, sexual, organic and mysterious. The
effect is of a psychological magic garden, with hints of the Anatolian
countryside of his childhood.
One of the most glorious is the Tate’s own "Waterfall" (1943),
sparked off by a period in the countryside of Connecticut after
decades in New York. Looking at it, you accept it as a landscape,
though Gorky has actually described almost no actual object in paint,
let alone a waterfall.
Fire, Accident
After that moment of achievement, poor Gorky had only a few years
to live. Like a character in Greek mythology, from which he took
his adopted first name "Arshile," the Russian form of "Achilles,"
he seemed pursued by the fates. Smitten with cancer, he lost the
work of an entire year in a studio fire, and was later injured in a
car accident. Gorky feared he might be unable to paint again, and on
July 21, 1948, he hanged himself.
The critic Clement Greenberg remarked that Gorky had his greatest
pictures to come. His end, and what might have been, is not the only
tragedy in Gorky’s life. It began with horror.
He was born as Vosdanig Adoian at some point between 1902 and 1905,
1904 being the best guess — Gorky himself gave different dates —
in the Armenian area of what was then Ottoman Turkey. Of this period,
he later said, "All my vital memories are of these first years … when
I smelled my first bread, I saw my first red poppy, the moon, the
innocent seeing."
In 1915, he and his family fled the massacres then taking place in
Turkey, walking over the border into Southern Russia. (He later took
the name "Gorky" in homage to the revolutionary writer, Maxim Gorky.)
Amid the chaos and food shortages of the period, his mother died of
starvation. He and his sister eventually joined his father in the U.S.
Different Place
Out of this terrible experience came an earlier, non- abstract group
of work, most notably the two versions of "The Artist and His Mother"
(1926-36 and c.1926-42). These are visibly derived from Picasso,
though still moving, and seem to come from a different place than the
polymorphous psychosexual undergrowth of Gorky’s Abstract Expressionist
masterpieces.
There is, however, something repetitious about the latter in a way
there is not about, say, Pollock’s contemporary drip paintings. A more
tightly edited show would have made Gorky look greater. But marvelous,
for a fleeting period, he was.
"Arshile Gorky, a Retrospective" is at Tate Modern, London, through
May 3. The exhibition was previously at the Philadelphia Museum of
Art and will travel to the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles
in the summer.
(Martin Gayford is chief art critic for Bloomberg News. The opinions
expressed are his own.)
To contact the writer on the story: Martin Gayford in London at
[email protected].
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress
