SYRIAN EXODUS EVOKES A FLIGHT FULL OF HISTORY: MANY REFUGEES ARE DESCENDANTS OF THOSE WHO FLED ARMENIA — AND HORRORS OF 1915
The Baltimore Sun
March 4, 2015 Wednesday
FINAL EDITION
By Glen Johnson Tribune Newspapers’ Patrick J. McDonnell in Beirut
contributed., Special to Tribune Newspapers YEREVAN, Armenia
YEREVAN, Armenia — Snare drums rustle and trumpets blare. Chocolates
from a famed confectioner in Syria are handed out among the crowd. The
hall falls silent. A minute of remembrance is observed for the more
than 200,000 killed during almost four years of civil war in Syria.
Hundreds of ethnic Armenians from Syria, among the thousands who’ve
fled the fighting, gathered recently in downtown Yerevan. They came
together to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Armenian Central
High School in Aleppo, a cornerstone of Armenian identity in a Syrian
city now devastated by war.
“Armenian schools keep Armenian identity alive,” said a woman who
fled Aleppo as rebels rolled into the city in July 2012 and who,
like others interviewed, did not want to be identified for security
reasons. “My parents went there, I went there, the school is like …”
“A treasure for Armenians,” another young woman chimed in.
The attendees had left their homes and businesses, schools and
farmlands, fleeing to Armenia’s capital as Syria descended into chaos.
Many are descendants of people who had gone to Syria to escape the
Armenian genocide of 1915 to 1918 under the Ottoman Empire, which
became the modern republic of Turkey. The Turkish government disputes
that a genocide took place.
The current exodus is one of the most significant movements of ethnic
Armenians since then.
“We are the descendants of those who survived the genocide,” said
Lena Halajian, who heads the Center for the Coordination of Syrian
Armenians’ Issues, a nongovernmental group here helping refugees
adapt. “I fear history is repeating itself.”
Participants at the celebration read Armenian poetry as a video
of the Aleppo school — showing a modest library and students,
their hands stretched upward, fingers twitching as a teacher asked
a question — flashed on a screen. A quartet including well-known
Aleppo violinist Hovhannes Moubayed plays “Dance of the Rose Maidens,”
by Aram Khachaturian, the late Soviet Armenian composer.
The violinist, 44, fled Aleppo more than two years ago, and, like
others, he said he had embarked on a new life after leaving most of
his belongings behind.
“Now I try to work as a music teacher,” said Moubayed, who directed a
state music school in Aleppo. “I’ve started (in Armenia) at the very
bottom. But step by step, maybe I can survive.”
Some refugees had been targeted by militants.
“They handcuffed and blindfolded me once they knew I was Armenian,”
said a Syrian Armenian who gave his name as Krikor. “Then they whipped
and burned me.”
Gnarled scars stretch up his forearms now, and he shuffles uneasily.
In summer 2013, Krikor said, fighters with al-Qaida-linked Nusra
Front abducted him from a shuttle bus in northwestern Syria’s Idlib
province. He escaped hours later and made his way to a government
checkpoint — and safety. The experience convinced him it was time
to leave.
Other Syrian Armenians have been kidnapped for their perceived wealth
or killed in the crossfire or for sectarian reasons.
Syrian Armenians, part of the country’s 10 percent Christian minority,
have been targeted by militant Sunni Muslims, who have become the
dominant part of the opposition.
Most Syrian Armenians speak Arabic and Armenian, a fact that has
helped speed their assimilation in Yerevan.
Armenian schools play an integral role in preserving cultural roots
among the massive Armenian diaspora. The Armenian General Benevolent
Union, a nonprofit group promoting Armenian identity globally,
provides funds for the Aleppo school. The high school remains open,
but the population has plummeted.
“The problem is that it can be dangerous for students to travel there,”
said Hagop Mikayelian, 71, a former administrator at the school who
was kidnapped by a rebel group and held for ransom in 2013.
In September, Islamic State militants reportedly bombed an iconic
Armenian church and museum in the eastern Syrian city of Deir el-Zour
that memorializes victims of the Turks. Lost were rare documents
detailing the mass killings, say community members, who also note that
the bones of some of those who perished were laid in the foundations
of the now-destroyed monument.
“The memorial was living proof of what happened to Armenians,”
Halajian said. “They want to erase our history.”
As Armenians worldwide prepare for centennial memorials in April,
Turkish backing for Syrian insurgents is further fueling Armenian
outrage. The government has supported sundry rebel factions, including
radical Islamic fighters, as it pursues its goal of ousting Syrian
President Bashar Assad.
And last March, extremist fighters poured into the Syrian Armenian
town of Kassab from across the border in Turkey. Most of the town’s
population fled south to territory still under control of the Syrian
government. Kassab is celebrated among Armenians as a refuge from
those who fled Turkey a century ago.
At the school anniversary gathering, a choir sings Armenian hymns as
ceremonies come to a close.
Generations of graduates flood the stage, embracing while a
photographer clicks away.
Tribune Newspapers’ Patrick J. McDonnell in Beirut contributed.