FORUM 18 NEWS SERVICE, Oslo, Norway
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The right to believe, to worship and witness
The right to change one's belief or religion
The right to join together and express one's belief
=================================================
Monday
AZERBAIJAN: FOUR STATE AGENCIES RAID RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES
Alongside police, secret police and State Committee for Work with Religious
Organisations, a growing role in raids on religious communities and
prosecutions seems to be played by Religious Affairs Commissions attached
to local administrations. Fines of three months' average wages often follow
raids.
AZERBAIJAN: FOUR STATE AGENCIES RAID RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.forum18.org_archive.php-3Farticle-5Fid-3D2343&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=LVw5zH6C4LHpVQcGEdVcrQ&m=ljIQgElupKbdj37aIKV9deBVovQrAEzfqdD0Apf9S_c&s=ez0b0rn0m9aFHZQuFuFfX8bwrzvy7hsT8ZIXqKxrt8s&e=
By Felix Corley, Forum 18
In 2017, officials of at least four state agencies have continued to raid
and help punish individuals for exercising freedom of religion or belief.
Alongside the police, State Security Service (SSS) secret police and State
Committee for Work with Religious Organisations, a growing role in raids
and prosecutions seems to be played by Religious Affairs Commissions
attached to city or district administrations.
Joint raids by officials of the State Committee, the SSS secret police and
the Religious Affairs Commission attached to the administration of Baku's
Binaqadi District saw leaders of two mosques fined in November for
violating the country's strict controls on who is allowed to conduct
religious activities and where (see below).
Many Muslims and Jehovah's Witnesses have been fined in 2017 for meeting
for worship or religious study, or for offering religious literature
without specific state permission. Court bailiffs are also insisting that a
Baptist fined in December 2016, but never given a written court decision,
pay his fine by the end of 2017. Another Baptist fined with him is still
trying to overturn his punishment, with his case now at the Supreme Court
(see F18News 15 December 2017
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.forum18.org_archive.php-3Farticle-5Fid-3D2342&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=LVw5zH6C4LHpVQcGEdVcrQ&m=ljIQgElupKbdj37aIKV9deBVovQrAEzfqdD0Apf9S_c&s=POvLHbB7WJBjTsGsKglc8rvUdjjnqjxUoJBkQtfEA_A&e=>).
Fines are typically 1,500 Manats (7,350 Norwegian Kroner, 750 Euros or 890
US Dollars). This represents nearly three months' average wages for those
with a formal job. However, for those in rural areas, those without a
formal job, or pensioners, such fines represent a far heavier financial
burden.
The State Committee still appears to be examining religious literature
confiscated during joint police and SSS secret police raids on two homes in
a village in the northern Qabala District. Two men might face punishment
(see below).
The State Committee's Baku representative has arranged the liquidation of
seven religious communities in the capital in 2017 for alleged violations
of the law (see below).
The authorities continue to warn people not to exercise freedom of religion
or belief on the streets. A Baku deputy police chief warned that
commemorations and processions outside mosques on the Shia Muslim
commemoration of Ashura (which this year fell on 1 October) would not be
tolerated (see below).
Meanwhile, an Imam who led worship in a mosque after having gained his
religious education abroad has failed to overturn a three-year prison term.
He is the first Muslim known to have been punished for leading Muslim
worship while having foreign religious education since this "crime" (which
targets only Muslims) was introduced into the Criminal Code in 2015 (see
below).
Religious Affairs Commissions join raids
The tasks assigned to Religious Affairs Commissions - introduced in local
administrations in recent years - include: studying the local religious
situation, detecting unregistered but active religious communities, and
working "to eliminate radical, extremist tendencies among believers".
Such Religious Affairs Commissions are supposedly advisory bodies and act
closely with local State Committee officials. Typically, such Commissions
have about 15 members. They are led by a deputy head of a city or district
administration and include police officers and Muslim clerics from the
state-backed Caucasian Muslim Board.
The presence of clerics from the Muslim Board on these commissions means
that officials of one religious community have a role in cracking down on
members of different religious communities, whether non-Muslim or Muslims
who are not affiliated with the state-backed Muslim Board.
Binaqadi: Two Muslims fined
On 17 October, officials of the State Committee, the SSS secret police and
the administration of Baku's Binaqadi District inspected local places of
worship. Officials found violations of the law at two religious
communities, the Binaqadi Muslim community and the Irfan Muslim community,
the State Committee said the following day on its website. The State
Committee claimed "illegal religious rituals" (which it did not identify)
were taking place in the two mosques.
State Committee officials prepared records of an "offence" against two
local Muslims, Jalal Ahadov and Ramin Hasanzade. The cases were then handed
to Binaqadi District Court. Both were accused of violating Administrative
Code Article 515.0.2 and Article 515.0.3.
Article 515.0.2 punishes "Violating legislation on holding religious
meetings, marches, and other religious ceremonies". The fine for
individuals for this "offence" is between 1,500 and 2,000 Manats
Article 515.0.3 punishes "clergy and members of religious associations
holding special meetings for children and young people, as well as the
organising or holding by religious bodies of organised labour, literary, or
other clubs and groups unassociated with holding religious ceremonies" with
fines for individuals of between 1,500 and 2,000 Manats.
On 3 November, Binaqadi District Court found Ahadov guilty and fined him
1,500 Manats, court officials told Forum 18 on 15 December. He lodged an
appeal to Baku Appeal Court. However, on 24 November, Judge Namiq Mammadov
rejected his appeal, according to court records.
On 7 November, Binaqadi District Court similarly fined Hasanzade 1,500
Manats, court officials added. He lodged an appeal to Baku Appeal Court,
which is due to be heard by Judge Mirpasha Huseynov on the morning of 20
December, according to court records.
Aygun Aliyeva is the deputy chair of Binaqadi District Administration
overseeing the District's Religious Affairs Commission. Forum 18 was unable
to reach her between 13 and 18 December. Her assistant said on 14 December
that she was in a meeting. All other calls went unanswered.
The man who answered the phone of Anar Kazimov, the Baku city
representative of the State Committee, refused to discuss the raids on the
two Binaqadi Muslim communities and the fines on two of their members. "You
must talk to the State Committee's press service," the official told Forum
18 on 13 December. He then put the phone down.
The woman who answered the phone at the press office of the State Committee
in Baku on 15 December did not respond when Forum 18 asked if it was the
press office. She eventually put the phone down. Called back, the line had
been switched to a fax machine.
Qabala: Raids, literature seizures
On 12 September, Qabala District Police and the SSS secret police raided
two homes in the village of Vandam in northern Azerbaijan as part of an
operation, the Interior Ministry noted on its website the same day.
Officers seized 77 religious books "whose distribution has been banned", 14
CDs, 11 video and audio cassettes and one "handmade dagger" from the homes
of Bahruz Qasimov and Elman Tahirov. The Ministry described the two men as
being suspected of "propaganda of religious radicalism".
Officers took Qasimov and Tahirov to the District Police station. They sent
the seized items to the State Committee in Baku for an "expert
examination".
The telephone of Lieutenant Nijat Humbataliyev, the head of the Police in
Vandam, went unanswered each time Forum 18 called on 18 December.
Qabala District Court told Forum 18 on 18 December that no administrative
cases against Qasimov and Tahirov have reached the court. Forum 18 has been
unable to find out if any cases are being prepared.
Gunduz Pashayev, the representative of the State Committee for the region
including Qabala, said that his office had no role in the raids in Vandam.
"Other agencies were involved," he told Forum 18 from Sheki on 13 December.
"This is the business of the police and the State Security Service. They
don't inform us."
Pashayev said that when the police or SSS secret police seize religious
literature, they send one copy of each publication directly to the State
Committee in Baku with an accompanying letter. He insisted his office has
"no right" to seize religious literature or to give an "expert opinion" on
it.
All religious literature produced in, published in (including on the
internet) or imported into Azerbaijan is subject to prior compulsory
censorship. When the State Committee does give permission to publish or
import a work it also specifies how many copies can be produced or
imported. All religious materials sold must have a sticker noting that they
have State Committee approval. State officials have repeatedly denied that
this represents censorship (see F18News 1 October 2015
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.forum18.org_archive.php-3Farticle-5Fid-3D2107&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=LVw5zH6C4LHpVQcGEdVcrQ&m=ljIQgElupKbdj37aIKV9deBVovQrAEzfqdD0Apf9S_c&s=Vm2SOJ1C-AdfFi_PRlDXMvdoUs12CNx1ulgqVZdwRRc&e=>).
Pashayev said he did not know how many religious books have been banned.
"The State Committee doesn't send us a list of banned books," told Forum
18. "We don't have such a list." Asked how people (including himself) can
know if a religious book has been banned, he responded: "The State
Committee can tell us if we encounter such a book."
Baku: Seven religious communities liquidated
Seven religious communities in Baku were liquidated in 2017 for failing to
comply with the requirements of the law, the city's State Committee
representative Kazimov told a 15 December meeting of national and regional
State Committee officials, according to a report on its website the same
day. This makes any continuing exercise of the right to freedom of religion
or belief by these communities illegal and punishable.
The State Committee report did not identify the communities, nor what they
might have done to fail to comply with the law. If the communities had
legal status, the State Committee would have been required to bring a suit
to court to liquidate them. Forum 18 has been unable to identify which
communities have been liquidated or why.
The State Committee website lists 25 religious communities which managed to
gain state registration in 2017. All are Muslim. In addition, ten Muslim
colleges gained state registration in 2017. The last non-Muslim religious
community allowed to gain state registration was the Jewish community in
the northern town of Oguz, registered in December 2016.
All religious communities must have state registration before they can
legally function. However, many communities (like the Baptist church in the
northern town of Aliabad) are arbitrarily denied such registration. Muslim
communities outside the framework of the state-backed Muslim Board are
banned, although this is not enshrined in any law (see Forum 18's
Azerbaijan religious freedom survey
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.forum18.org_archive.php-3Farticle-5Fid-3D2081&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=LVw5zH6C4LHpVQcGEdVcrQ&m=ljIQgElupKbdj37aIKV9deBVovQrAEzfqdD0Apf9S_c&s=k5QpmH1-mBxl8eCKWQfGxyfa9YOZfLQopLlBOF7mP-w&e=>).
Baku: Ban on worship outside religious buildings reaffirmed
The authorities have repeated their ban on exercising freedom of religion
or belief on the streets. The latest such warning came in Baku on 30
September, the day before the Shia Muslim community commemorated the
martyrdom of the Muslim prophet Muhammad's son-in-law Imam Ali on the
festival of Ashura.
"The conducting of ceremonies and street processions outside areas
specially-designated for this will not be allowed," a deputy head of Baku
Police, Major-General Sahlab Bagirov, was quoted by APA news agency as
declaring.
The government has long sought to ban praying around mosques when no more
room is available inside, sharing one's beliefs or religious literature on
the streets, religious-inspired processions and demonstrations, and banners
on the streets (see Forum 18's Azerbaijan religious freedom survey
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.forum18.org_archive.php-3Farticle-5Fid-3D2081&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=LVw5zH6C4LHpVQcGEdVcrQ&m=ljIQgElupKbdj37aIKV9deBVovQrAEzfqdD0Apf9S_c&s=k5QpmH1-mBxl8eCKWQfGxyfa9YOZfLQopLlBOF7mP-w&e=>).
Masalli: Imam fails to overturn prison term
Shia Imam Sardar Akif oglu Babayev (born 12 March 1974) has failed to
overturn the three-year prison term handed down by a court in the southern
town of Masalli. He was punished for leading worship in a Muslim community
after having gained his religious education outside Azerbaijan. He was
sentenced under Criminal Code Article 168-1.3.1.
Criminal Code Article 168-1 punishes "violation of the procedure for
religious propaganda and religious ceremonies", including by conducting of
Islamic rites by a citizen who has received their education abroad. Article
168-1.3.1 punishes those who commit such violations "repeatedly", with a
prison term of between two and five years.
Article 168-1 was added to the Criminal Code in December 2015 as part of a
hastily-prepared package of amendments to a variety of laws. Officials did
not explain why those who conduct Islamic rituals are singled out for
especially harsh punishment (see F18News 16 December 2015
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.forum18.org_archive.php-3Farticle-5Fid-3D2134&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=LVw5zH6C4LHpVQcGEdVcrQ&m=ljIQgElupKbdj37aIKV9deBVovQrAEzfqdD0Apf9S_c&s=xrrn4GMKGsyvo7VYn7Fk-9VtRHlUfZ9uUEf7PpEb-tE&e=>).
Imam Babayev, who is married with three children, was the first known
individual to have been punished for this "crime".
Police arrested Imam Babayev on 22 February. Masalli District Court handed
down the three-year prison sentence on 3 July (see F18News 10 July 2017
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.forum18.org_archive.php-3Farticle-5Fid-3D2295&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=LVw5zH6C4LHpVQcGEdVcrQ&m=ljIQgElupKbdj37aIKV9deBVovQrAEzfqdD0Apf9S_c&s=gCsat0vQW807EXyLtETHUtqNz-IKHhN92ObHiQO8RkA&e=>).
On 25 September Judge Rafik Jafarov of Shirvan Appeal Court rejected Imam
Babayev's appeal, according to the decision seen by Forum 18.
Babayev's lawyers argued that no law should have retroactive force. They
pointed out that the Imam had gained his religious education in Iran before
the law banned those with such foreign religious education from leading
Muslim worship. They also pointed out that leading officials of the
state-backed Muslim Board had similarly gained religious education outside
Azerbaijan.
Imam Babayev's lawyers also noted that in May 2017, parliament amended the
Religion Law to allow the Muslim Board to gain exemptions to these
restrictions provided the state gives specific agreement for any individual
(see F18News 10 July 2017
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.forum18.org_archive.php-3Farticle-5Fid-3D2295&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=LVw5zH6C4LHpVQcGEdVcrQ&m=ljIQgElupKbdj37aIKV9deBVovQrAEzfqdD0Apf9S_c&s=gCsat0vQW807EXyLtETHUtqNz-IKHhN92ObHiQO8RkA&e=>).
One of Imam Babayev's lawyers, Javad Javadov, notes that Criminal Code
Article 168-1 violates Article 9 of the European Convention for the
Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), which
guarantees the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
Javadov also complained to Caucasian Knot news service on 25 September of
the police blockade of the court in an apparent attempt to stop Muslims who
support Imam Babayev from attending the appeal hearings. (END)
For background information see Forum 18's Azerbaijan religious freedom
survey at
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.forum18.org_archive.php-3Farticle-5Fid-3D2081&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=LVw5zH6C4LHpVQcGEdVcrQ&m=ljIQgElupKbdj37aIKV9deBVovQrAEzfqdD0Apf9S_c&s=k5QpmH1-mBxl8eCKWQfGxyfa9YOZfLQopLlBOF7mP-w&e=>.
More coverage of freedom of thought, conscience and belief in Azerbaijan is
at
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.forum18.org_Archive.php-3Fquery-3D-26religion-3Dall-26country-3D23&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=LVw5zH6C4LHpVQcGEdVcrQ&m=ljIQgElupKbdj37aIKV9deBVovQrAEzfqdD0Apf9S_c&s=7cqCIUXl4uswIE18EbTuCiWM5x2DJAMMT_QzMd2YOp4&e=>.
A compilation of Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe
(OSCE) freedom of religion or belief commitments can be found at
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.forum18.org_Archive.php-3Farticle-5Fid-3D1351&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=LVw5zH6C4LHpVQcGEdVcrQ&m=ljIQgElupKbdj37aIKV9deBVovQrAEzfqdD0Apf9S_c&s=nr9Re5Li0ygimFdmvY_nME5hyGi662Pl_01iX9fOpbA&e=>.
For a personal commentary, by an Azeri Protestant, on how the international
community can help establish religious freedom in Azerbaijan, see
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.forum18.org_Archive.php-3Farticle-5Fid-3D482&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=LVw5zH6C4LHpVQcGEdVcrQ&m=ljIQgElupKbdj37aIKV9deBVovQrAEzfqdD0Apf9S_c&s=97k8-8eW2RXokJ2oxKb2n4EIQtVIdhdTUs22RTYMNfA&e=>.
A printer-friendly map of Azerbaijan is available at
<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__nationalgeographic.org_education_mapping_outline-2Dmap_-3Fmap-3DAzerbaijan&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=LVw5zH6C4LHpVQcGEdVcrQ&m=ljIQgElupKbdj37aIKV9deBVovQrAEzfqdD0Apf9S_c&s=n_B_XruDub6UISnRgGQcixkksdfokdIq6uy0OyNEHQE&e=>.
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