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YEREVAN, APRIL 24, ARMENPRESS. In 1915, the crime perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire against the Armenians was the first genocide of 20th century. The Armenians worldwide commemorate 106th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide on April 24.
Compared to 2020, this year there will no restriction for visit to the Tsitsernakaberd Armenian Genocide Memorial. The Armenian National Philharmonic Orchestra and the Armenian State Academic Choir, conducted by Eduard Topchyan, performed Verdi’s Requiem at 23:00, April 23 at the Tsitsernakaberd Memorial in Yerevan as part of the Trilogy of Remembrance events. Then, at midnight, the Armenian National Chamber Orchestra and the Hover State Chamber Choir will perform Mozart’s Requiem at the Komitas Chamber Music House. The concert will be conducted by Alexander Iradyan. At 19:15, April 24, the Armenian State Symphony Orchestra, the Armenian State Chamber Choir and the Yerevan State Chamber Choir, conducted by Robert Melkeyan, will perform Tigran Mansurian’s Requiem at the K. Demirchyan Sports and Concert Complex. The attendance of the diplomatic corps is planned for this event. The concert will take place under the patronage of Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan. More than 10 foreign delegations from various countries have arrived in Armenia for the participation in the Armenian Genocide commemoration events.
The extermination of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during the World War I is called the Armenian Genocide. Those massacres were perpetrated by the government of Young Turks in various regions of the Ottoman Empire. The first international response to the violence resulted in a joint statement by France, Russia and the Great Britain in May 24 1915, where the Turkish atrocities against the Armenians were defined as “a crime against humanity and civilization”. According to them, Turkish government was responsible for the implementation of the crime.
When WWI erupted, the government of the Young Turks adopted the policy of Pan-Turkism, hoping to save the remains of the weakened Ottoman Empire. The plan was to create an enormous Ottoman Empire that would spread to China, include all the Turkish speaking nations of the Caucasus and Middle Asia, intending also to turkify all the ethnic minorities of the empire. The Armenian population became the main obstacle standing in the way of the realization of this policy. The Young Turks used WWI as a suitable opportunity for the implementation of the Armenian genocide, although it was planned in 1911-1912.
There were an estimated two million Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire before the WWI. Approximately one and a half million Armenians were killed from 1915-1923. The remaining part was either islamized or exiled, or found shelters in different parts of the world.
A genocide is the organized extermination of a nation aiming to put an end to their collective existence. Thus, the implementation of the genocide requires oriented programming and an internal mechanism, which makes genocide a state crime, as only a state possesses all the resources that can be used to carry out this policy.
The first phase of the Armenian Genocide was the extermination of the Armenian population started on April 24, 1915 with the arrest of several hundred Armenian intellectuals and representatives of national elite (mainly in the capital of the Ottoman Empire, Constantinople) and their subsequent elimination. Hereinafter, Armenians worldwide started to commemorate the Armenian genocide on April 24.
The third phase of the genocide is characterized with the exile of the massacres of women, children, and elderly people to the desert of Syria. Hundreds of thousands of people were murdered by Turkish soldiers, police officers, Kurdish bandits during the deportation. The others died of epidemic diseases. Thousands of women and children were subjected to violence. Tens of thousands were forcibly islamized.
The last phase is the universal and absolute denial of the Turkish government of the mass deportations and genocide carried out against Armenians in their homeland. Despite the ongoing process of international condemnation of the Armenian Genocide, Turkey fights against recognition by all means, including distortion of history, means of propaganda, lobbying activities and other measures.
On December 9, 1948 the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, according to which, genocide is defined as an international crime and the signing states are obliged to prevent, as well as punish the perpetrators of the genocide.
Recognition
The fact of the Armenian Genocide by the Ottoman government has been documented, recognized, and affirmed in the form of media and eyewitness reports, laws, resolutions, and statements by many states and international organizations. The complete catalogue of all documents categorizing the 1915-23 widespread massacre of the Armenian population in Ottoman Empire as a premeditated and thoroughly executed act of Genocide, is extensive.
Below is a brief list of those states and organizations, provincial governments and city councils which have acknowledged the Armenian Genocide
Parliamentary Resolutions, Laws and Declarations
- Resolution by the People's Council of the Syrian Arab Republic on recognition and condemnation of the Armenian Genocide perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire – February 13, 2020
- Unanimous resolution of the U.S. Senate recognizing and condemning Armenian Genocide -December 12, 2019
- Resolution of the U.S. House of Representatives approving U.S. position on Armenian Genocide -October 30, 2019
- Position of the Assembly of the Republic (the Parliament of Portugal) on its position on the Armenian Genocide -April 26, 2019
- Initiative of the chamber of deputies of Italy encouraging the government of Italy to recognize Armenian Genocide – April 10,2019
- Decree of the President of France Emmanuel Macron recognizing April 24 as a National Memorial Day of Armenian Genocide -April 10, 2019
- Resolution of the Chamber of Deputies of the parliament of Czech Republic condemning and recognizing Armenian Genocide and other crimes against humanity -April 26, 2017
- The Senate of France confirmation of the bill criminalizing the negation of Armenian Genocide -October 14, 2016
- Resolution of the Knesset Committee on education, culture and sport of the State of Israel – August 1, 2016
- Resolution of the Bundestag of the Federal Republic of Germany – June 2, 2016
- Resolution of the Senate of the Republic of Paraguay – October 29, 2015
- Resolution of the House of Representatives of the Kingdom of Belgium – July 24, 2015
- Resolution of the Federal Senate of the Federal Republic of Brazil – May 29, 2015
- Resolution of the Parliament of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg – May 6, 2015
- Statement of State Duma of Russian Federation on the Armenian Genocide Centennial – April 24, 2015
- Statement by the President Federal Republic of Germany Joachim Gauck – April 23, 2015
- Statement of the Austrian Parliament on the Centennial of the Armenian Genocide perpetrated in the Ottoman Empire – 22 April, 2015
- European Parliament Resolution dedicated to the Centenary of the Armenian Genocide – 15 April, 2015
- Czech Republic, Resolution of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the Chamber of Deputies of Parliament on the occasion of the Armenian Genocide Centenary – April 14 2015
- Resolution of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile – April 14, 2015
- Statement by Holy Father Francis during the Mass at the Vatican – April 12, 2015
- Bolivia's Senate and the Chamber of Deputies Resolution – November 27, 2014
- Sweden Riksdag Resolution – March 11, 2010
- MERCOSUR, Joint Parliamentary Committee Resolution – Nov 19, 2007
- House Committee Resolution – October 10, 2007
- Chile, Senate Resolution – July 07, 2007
- Argentina, Law – January 15, 2007
- Argentina, Senate Special Statement – April 19, 2006
- Lithuania, Assembly Resolution – December 15, 2005
- European Parliament Resolution – September 28, 2005
- Venezuela, National Assembly Resolution – July 14, 2005
- Germany, Parliament Resolution – June 15, 2005
- Argentina, Senate Resolution – April 20, 2005
- Poland, Parliament Resolution – April 19, 2005
- Netherlands, Parliament Resolution – December 21, 2004
- Slovakia, National Assembly Resolution – November 30, 2004
- Canada, House of Commons Resolution – April 21, 2004
- Argentina, Senate Declaration – March 31, 2004
- Uruguay, Law – March 26, 2004
- Argentina, Draft Law – March 18, 2004
- Switzerland (Helvetic Confederation), National Council Resolution – December 16, 2003
- Argentina, Senate Resolution – August 20, 2003
- Canada, Senate Resolution – June 13, 2002
- European Parliament Resolution – February 28, 2002
- Common Declaration of His Holiness John Paul II and His Holiness Karekin II at Holy Etchmiadzin, Republic of Armenia – September 27, 2001
- Prayer of John Paul II, Memorial of Tsitsernakaberd – September 26, 2001
- France, Law – January 29, 2001
- Italy, Chamber of Deputies Resolution – November 16, 2000
- European Parliament Resolution – November 15, 2000
- France, Senate, Draft Law – November 7, 2000
- Lebanon, Parliament Resolution – May 11, 2000
- Sweden, Parliament Report – March 29, 2000
- France, National Assembly Draft Law – May 28, 1998
- Belgium, Senate Resolution – March 26, 1998
- Lebanon, Chamber of Deputies Resolution – April 3, 1997
- House of Representatives Resolution 3540 – June 11, 1996
- Greece (Hellenic Republic), Parliament Resolution – April 25, 1996
- Canada, House of Commons Resolution – April 23, 1996
- Russia, Duma Resolution – April 14, 1995
- Argentina, Senate Resolution – May 5, 1993
- European Parliament Resolution – June 18, 1987
- House of Representatives Joint Resolution 247 – September 12, 1984
- Cyprus, House of Representatives, Resolution – April 29, 1982
- House of Representatives Joint Resolution 148 – April 9, 1975
- Uruguay, Senate and House of Representatives, Resolution – April 20, 1965
- Senate Resolution 359 – May 11, 1920
- Congress Act to Incorporate Near East Relief – August 6, 1919
- Senate Concurrent Resolution 12 – February 9, 1916
- France, Great Britain, and Russia, Joint Declaration – May 24, 1915
International Organizations
- Parliament of Andean Community of Nations (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú)September 20, 2016.
- International Organization of La Francophonie, Statement of Secretary-General – April 24 2015
- The Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity – April 9, 2007
- Human Rights Association of Turkey, Istanbul Branch – April 24, 2006
- International Center for Transitional Justice Report Prepared for TARC – February 10, 2003
- European Alliance of YMCAs – July 20, 2002
- Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly Declaration – April 24, 2001
- Human Rights League – May 16, 1998
- Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly Declaration – April 24, 1998
- The Association of Genocide Scholars – June 13, 1997
- Kurdistan Parliament in Exile – April 24, 1996
- Union of American Hebrew Congregations – November 7, 1989
- UN Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities – July 2, 1985
- Permanent Peoples' Tribunal, Verdict of the Tribunal – April 16, 1984
- World Council of Churches – August 10, 1983
- UN General Assembly Resolution – December 9, 1948
- UN War Crimes Commission Report – May 28, 1948
Provincial legislative bodies, governments, city councils
US states
- Alabama
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Texas
- Wyoming
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- South Dakota
Australia
- Province of New South Wales
Argentina
- Province of Cordoba
- Province of Buenos Aires
Canada
- British Columbia
- Ontario (including the City of Toronto)
- Quebec (including the City of Montreal)
- Alberta
Switzerland
- Geneva Canton
- Vaud Canton
Great Britain
- Wales
Italy
- Consiglio regionale della Toscana
- Consiglio regionale della Lazio
- Assemblea Regionale Siciliana
- Comune di Tolfa
- Comune di Bertiolol
- Comune di Udine
- Comune di Sesto San Giovanni
- Comune di Salgareda
- Comune di Belluno
- Comune di Roma
- Comune di Massa Lombarda
- Comune di Genova
- Comune di Thiene
- Comune di Castelsilano
- Comune di Firenze
- Comune di Ravenna
- Comune di Feltre
- Comune di Venezia
- Comune di Imola
- Comune di Faenza
- Comune di Parma
- Comune di Solarolo
- Comune di Villafranca Padovana
- Comune di Milano
- Comune di Ponte di Piave
- Comune di Conselice
- Comune di Lugo
- Comune di S. Stino Livenza
- Comune di Cotignola
- Comune di Asiago
- Comune di S. Agata Sul Santerno
- Comune di Monterforte D'Alpone
- Comune di Padova
- Comune di Montorso Vicentino
- Comune di Fusignano
- Comune di Bagnacavallo
- Comune di Russi
- Comune di Sanguinetto
- Comune di Camponogara
Spain
- Navarre
- Catalonia
- Basque Country
- Balearic Islands
- Burgos
- Alcorcon
- Valencia
- Cullera
- Villena
- Torrent
- Sabadell
- Malaga
- Benalmadena
- Soria
- Mislata
- Burjassot
- Betera
- Pinto
- Xirivella
- San Sebastián
- Santa Margarida i els Monjos
- Aldaia
- Merida
- Paiporte
- Alicante
- Ontinyent
Belgium
- Flemish Parliament Resolution
Austria
- Vienna
Ukraine
- Svatove city, Luhansk region
Mexico
- Michoacán