Monday, Armenian FM Joins Talks On Caucasus Peace In Iran • Tatevik Lazarian IRAN - The foreign ministers of Azerbaijan, Turkey, Iran, Armenia and Russia meet in Tehran, . Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan joined his Azerbaijani, Iranian, Russian and Turkish counterparts in meeting on Monday in Tehran for talks on peace and stability in the South Caucasus. The multilateral talks were held within the framework of the so-called “Consultative Regional Platform 3+3” launched in December 2021 in Moscow. Georgia continues to boycott the platform, citing continuing Russian occupation of its breakaway regions. “The war in the South Caucasus is now over and the time has come for peace, cooperation and development in the Caucasus,” Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian was reported to say at the start of the talks. “We believe that problems in this region can be resolved without external interference. This is part of the message of today’s meeting in the 3+3 format,” he said, underscoring Iran’s strong opposition to Western presence in the region, which is shared by Russia. Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi likewise described it as “harmful for regional peace and stability” when he met with Mirzoyan earlier in the day, according to Iranian news agencies. Amid its deepening rift with Moscow, the Armenian leadership now seems to be pinning hopes on Western efforts to broke a resolution of its conflict with Azerbaijan. Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian expressed hope last week that he and Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev will meet in Brussels again and finalize a bilateral peace treaty before the end of this year. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov questioned the European Union’s ability to facilitate the delimitation of the Armenian-Azerbaijani border, a key remaining obstacle to the signing of the treaty. “Let them try their luck in Brussels, if they want to, but we are always ready to help start the real delimitation,” he told reporters after the Tehran meeting. Lavrov said that these and other sticking points in Armenian-Azerbaijani negotiations were not “directly” discussed by the five ministers. “There are other channels for doing this. But the platform itself helps resolve remaining issues between Armenia and Azerbaijan,” added the top Russian diplomat. Mirzoyan held a separate meeting with Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan on the sidelines of the Tehran conference, which coincided with the start of a fresh Turkish-Azerbaijani military exercise held near Armenia’s borders. His press office reported no such meetings with Lavrov or Azerbaijan’s Jeyhun Bayramov as of 10 p.m. local time. Armenia Signs First Arms Deal With France France - French Defense Minsiter Sebastien Lecornu and his Armenian counterpart Suren Papikian sign a memorandum of understanding in Paris, . France pledged to boost Armenia’s air defenses, train Armenian military personnel and help the South Caucasus country reform its armed forces as the French group Thales and Yerevan signed a contract for the purchase of three radar systems on Monday. French Defense Minister Sebastien Lecornu and his Armenian counterpart Suren Papikian also signed a “letter of intent” on the future delivery of Mistral short-range surface-to-air missiles. They gave no financial or other details of these deals during a joint news conference held after their talks in Paris. Lecornu emphasized the defensive character of what will be first-ever Western-manufactured major weapons supplied to Armenia. “It is a weapon system which, by its very nature, can only be used when there is an aggression against Armenian territory and often with civilian populations underneath,” he said, alluding to the risk of Azerbaijani invasion of Armenia. Lecornu also announced that France will train Armenian officers to operate the military equipment known for its “remarkable detection capabilities” and assist in ongoing reforms of the Armenian armed forces. A special French military official will advise the Armenian Defense Ministry on those reforms, he said, adding that French instructors will be sent to Armenia to teach its troops new combat techniques. The French government first signaled arms supplies to Armenia last year following large-scale fighting on the country’s border with Azerbaijani which resulted in Azerbaijani territorial gains. It gave the green light for them following last month’s Azerbaijani military offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh that led to the restoration of Azerbaijani control over the region and displaced its virtually entire ethnic Armenian population. French President Emmanuel Macron suggested that Baku might now attack Armenia as well. FRANCE - France's President Emmanuel Macron welcomes Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian prior to their meeting at the Elysee palace in Paris, September 26, 2022. "France has given its agreement to the conclusion of future contracts with Armenia which will allow the delivery of military equipment to Armenia so that it can ensure its defense," French Foreign Minister Catherine Colonna said during an October 3 visit to Yerevan. The Azerbaijani government condemned Colonna’s announcement as further proof of Paris’s pro-Armenian bias in the Karabakh conflict. Baku itself has increased its military expenditures after the 2020 Karabakh war, buying more weapons from Turkey, Israel and possibly other countries. Armenia is stepping up military cooperation with France, a major NATO member, amid its worsening relationship with Russia, a longtime ally. The tensions stem in large measure from what Yerevan sees as a lack of Russian support in the conflict with Azerbaijan. Moscow’s failure to prevent, stop or even condemn the Azerbaijani offensive in Karabakh only added to them. Also, Armenian leaders have implied over the past year that Moscow has failed to supply more weapons to Yerevan despite Russian-Armenian defense contracts signed after the 2020 war in Karabakh. They have said they have no choice but to look for alternative arms suppliers. France, which is home to a sizable and influential Armenian community, has become Armenia’s leading Western backer during Macron’s rule. Lecornu said on Monday that it is committed to the South Caucasus nation’s territorial integrity despite the fact that “we are not part of the same military and political alliances .” Iranian Firms To Rebuild Strategic Road In Armenia • Robert Zargarian Armenia - A view of Kajaran, a town in Syunik province. The Armenian government has awarded a $215 million contact to a consortium of two Iranian companies to upgrade a 32-kilometer section of the main highway connecting Armenia to Iran through its endangered Syunik region. A senior government official and top executives of those companies signed a relevant agreement in Yerevan on Monday in the presence of Armenia’s Minister of Territorial Administration and Infrastructures Gnel Sanosian and Iran’s Minister of Roads and Urban Development Mehrzad Bazrpash. “We are very happy that … Iranian companies will carry out the construction of this road section,” Sanosian said at the signing ceremony. “Our neighbor, Armenia, is very important to us,” Bazrpash said, for his part. “Armenia could play a key role in the framework of the [transnational] North-South transport corridor. I hope that the project will be implemented rapidly.” Armenia - Amenian and Iranian officials attend a signing ceremony in Yerevan, . The project co-financed by the Armenian government and the Eurasian Development Bank covers the highway section stretching from Agarak, an Armenian town adjacent to the Iranian border, to the Kajaran mountain pass, the highest in Armenia. About two-thirds of the road is to be expanded and modernized while the remaining 11 kilometers will be built from scratch over the next three years. In Sanosian’s words, the Iranians will construct 17 bridges and two tunnels in the mountainous area. Another, much longer tunnel planned by the Armenian side will cut through the Kajaran pass. The government has organized an international tender for its construction, which will further shorten travel time between the two neighboring states. Bazrpash also announced that the Yerevan and Tehran have agreed to build a new bridge over the Arax river that marks the Armenian-Iranian border. The two governments will set up a joint working group for that purpose, he told reporters. The Iranian minister’s presence at the signing ceremony appeared to also underscore the geopolitical significance of the project. Armenia - A view of the Arax river separating Armenia and Iran. Azerbaijan’s recent takeover of Nagorno-Karabakh raised more fears in Yerevan that Baku will also attack Armenia to open an exterritorial land corridor to Nakhichevan passing through Syunik, the sole Armenian province bordering Iran. Azerbaijani leaders regularly demand such a corridor. A senior Armenian diplomat claimed on October 8 that an Azerbaijani attack on Syunik may be “a matter of weeks.” Iran has repeatedly warned against attempts to strip it of the common border and transport links with Armenia. Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi reportedly told visiting Armenian and Azerbaijani officials early this month that the corridor sought by Baku is “resolutely opposed by Iran” because it would give NATO a “foothold” in the region. NATO member Turkey fully supports the Azerbaijani demands. Its troops began on Monday a fresh military exercise with the Azerbaijani army in Nakhichevan and parts of mainland Azerbaijan close to Syunik. The drills reportedly involve 3,000 soldiers and several Turkish F-16 warplanes. The United States and the European Union voiced strong support for Armenia’s territorial integrity following the latest escalation in Karabakh. The U.S. State Department said on October 15 that “any infringement of that sovereignty and territorial integrity would bring serious consequences.” Reposted on ANN/Armenian News with permission from RFE/RL Copyright (c) 2023 Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, Inc. 1201 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20036.