BELARUSIAN PRESIDENT BOYCOTTS MOSCOW’S CSTO SUMMIT
Vladimir Socor
Jamestown Foundation
June 15 2009
Photo: Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, center, walks with other
leaders of nations belonging to the Organization of the Collective
Security Treaty, or CSTO, to their meeting in the Moscow Kremlin,
Sunday, June 14, 2009, during a summit of the CSTO.
Belarus refused to attend the Collective Security Treaty Organization
(CSTO) summit in Moscow on June 14. The summit made decisions to
enlarge the size of collective rapid deployment forces, the scope of
their missions, and the legal basis of their operations.
President Alyaksandr Lukashenka cancelled the participation of
Belarus at the last moment before the summit; and his government is
now contesting the validity of the summit’s decisions made in the
absence of Belarus. The Uzbek president, Islam Karimov, signed the
summit’s documents with reservations attached, limiting Uzbekistan’s
participation in future CSTO activities. Armenia’s position is
not immediately clear: Moscow’s official reports do not mention an
Armenian signature on the framework agreement regarding CSTO’s rapid
deployment forces (Interfax, ITAR-TASS, RIA Novosti, June 14).
At the concluding press conference, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
asked "the states" that have not inked the summit documents to
reconsider and sign them later. Belarus was scheduled to take over the
chairmanship of CSTO’s Council of Heads of State from Armenia at this
summit, in accordance with the annual rotation in Russian alphabetical
order. With Belarus boycotting the summit, however, Russia took over
the CSTO’s chairmanship "for the period of Belarus’ absence."
Adding insult to injury, Lukashenka did not personally notify the
Kremlin about his refusal to attend. Lukashenka’s office informed
Medvedev’s office and the Belarusian ministry of foreign affairs
informed the CSTO secretariat on the shortest possible notice.
Moscow takes the position that Belarus’ non-participation in the
summit does not invalidate the summit’s decisions. Under the CSTO’s
rules of procedure, a collective decision can be blocked by an
"official objection" from a member country. Belarus had participated
in negotiations on the documents prior to the summit without
registering official objections, according to unverified claims by
Russian officials. Nevertheless, the Belarus foreign ministry note
did clearly warn that Belarus’ non-participation "means a lack of
approval from Belarus of the decisions that are to be considered" at
the summit, as well as disavowal of decisions made at the pre-summit,
ministerial-level meetings, which "consequently means a lack of
consensus [by Belarus] on these decisions" (RIA Novosti, June 14).
Officially, Minsk explains its step as a response to Moscow’s
restrictive commercial measures against Belarus and abusive practices
in the energy sector. Tacitly, the Belarusian authorities from
Lukashenka on down are loath to become involved in Russia’s conflict
undertakings, whether ongoing or looming ones in the South Caucasus
or Central Asia.
The foreign ministry note complained of "overt economic discrimination
by a CSTO member country against Belarus. Such actions undermine
economic security, which is a foundation for stability and a pillar of
comprehensive security… [Belarus’ participation in the summit] would
mock common sense against the backdrop of trade wars waged by some
CSTO members against others. In this situation, Belarus has no choice
but to cancel its participation in the CSTO summit in Moscow. Belarus
will sign the package of documents on the rapid reaction force only
when comprehensive security will have been restored within the CSTO"
(RIA Novosti, ITAR-TASS, June 14).
Last month, Russia suspended the allocation of a promised $500 million
stabilization loan to Belarus. Lukashenka publicly complained that
Moscow was retaliating for his refusal to recognize the "independence"
of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The Kremlin had pressured Lukashenka
on this issue for several months, but he has all along insisted that
the loan and the recognition issue must not be linked.
In recent weeks, Lukashenka and other officials criticized Russia
publicly for closing its markets for Belarus-made tractors, sugar,
and dairy and meat products. On the day of the Moscow summit, Belarus
state television read out an indictment of Russian economic policies
toward Belarus, retroactive and current: "They [Moscow] turned off gas
supplies in winter; they suddenly introduced crude oil export duties;
they practically introduced customs control on the border," depicting
the recent restrictions on tractors, sugar, and dairy and meat products
as parts of a consistent pattern (Belarus TV Channel One, June 14).
On June 13 Lukashenka asked the government to consider the possibility
of reintroducing border controls on the Belarus-Russia border. On
the following day the State Border Protection Committee chief,
Ivan Bandarenka, announced that his committee and the State Customs
Committee are discussing the possible reestablishment of border and
customs checkpoints, in response to Russia’s unilateral reintroduction
of 15 such checkpoints (Interfax, June 13, 14).
Lukashenka has clashed with Moscow over economic issues during
most of his tenure as president. This time, however, he reinforces
his arguments in that debate by refusing to cooperate with a
Kremlin-cherished project on international security. Moreover,
the familiar clashes over economic issues are now unfolding in an
entirely new context: that of Lukashenka’s efforts to institute a
balanced foreign policy for Belarus between Russia and the West.
From: Emil Lazarian | Ararat NewsPress
