GAZPROM PIPE DEAL POINTS TO ALLIANCE WITH IRAN
by Julian Evans in Moscow
The Times (London)
November 8, 2006, Wednesday
GAZPROM has bought control of a gas pipeline being constructed between
Iran and Armenia, in what analysts say is an attempt to protect the
European gas market from an unwanted competitor.
Last year Gazprom signed an agreement with the Armenian Government,
under which Armenia would have to pay only $110 (£ 58) per cubic
metre of gas -about half the market price -in return for Gazprom
taking a 45 per cent stake in a joint venture called ArmRosGaz, which
controls both Armenia’s domestic gas distribution business and the
soon-to-be-completed gas pipeline from Iran.
Last weekend, during the visit of President Kocharian of Armenia
to Moscow, Gazprom raised its stake in ArmRosGaz to 58 per cent by
buying an additional $119 million of shares in the company.
Gazprom now has control over the Iran-Armenian pipeline, which would
be the first to supply Iranian gas to Europe and could have become
a rival source of gas for Western Europe, which is increasingly
dependent on Gazprom.
Alexander Medvedev, deputy chairman of Gazprom, told The Times:
"It’s a profitable project for us. We hope to use the joint venture
to become involved in extraction and development , and possibly help
supply gas through the joint venture to Western Europe, as well as
Pakistan and India."
Mr Medvedev’s remarks seem to indicate the desire in the Kremlin to
make Iran an energy ally and partner, rather than a competitor, in
the gas sector. Last week Valeri Yazev, the chairman of the state
Duma committee on energy, also called for a gas alliance between
Russia and Iran.
Iran has 27,000 billion cubic metres of gas -18 per cent of the
world’s supplies -making it the second-biggest supplier of gas in
the world after Russia. Analysts believe that 62 per cent of Iran’s
potential gas reserves remain undeveloped.
Valeri Nesterov, oil and gas analyst at Troika Dialog, said: "If
Gazprom didn’t have a controlling stake in the Iran-Armenia project,
it would be much easier for Iran to use it to compete with Gazprom’s
supplies to Western Europe. But Gazprom tries to avoid competition
as much as possible."
European countries increasingly are considering Iran as an alternative
supplier to Gazprom. Another possible pipeline under consideration
for Iranian gas is the Nabucco project, which was approved by the
European Union this year. Nabucco, which will cost an estimated £
3 billion, will take gas from the Caspian region and bring it to
Western Europe. OMV, of Austria, is the main backer of the project,
construction of which is scheduled to finish in 2011.
The pipeline initially will take gas from Azerbaijan, but several
European energy ministers have called for it also to take Iranian
gas. The project was originally designed to take Iranian gas,
though the focus switched to Azeri gas when Iran clashed with the
International Atomic Energy Agency over its nuclear research programme.
FROM RUSSIA BY PIPELINE
Gazprom produces half the gas used in the European Union; four fifths
of that gas passes through pipelines crossing Ukraine. The relationship
of Gazprom and its former Soviet bloc customers has been rocky.
January 2006
Russia and Ukraine in dispute over gas prices and fail to agree a
pricing deal.
Russia cuts gas supply to Ukraine. Ukrainians steal gas in transit
to other European countries, which affects supplies to Germany and
Hungary as well as about 25 per cent of the EU’s gas supply. Russia
threatens to raise the price of natural gas supplies to Georgia.
May 2006
Russia and Ukraine seek agreement on pricing, trying to do a deal
in Brussels
July 2006
Belarus told that it, too, must pay market price for gas. Supply cut
off Belarus siphons gas from supply.
October 2006
Nordpipe pipeline plan unveiled. Europe clamours to be still more
reliant on Russian gas. The pipe is to run from near St Petersburg and
along the Baltic seabed to Germany. It will bypass Ukraine and Belarus.
November 2006
Russia and Ukraine agree gas supply deal for 2007
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