February 2, 2018 Western Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church of America H.E. Archbishop Moushegh Mardirossian, Prelate 6252 Honolulu Avenue La Crescenta, CA 91214 Tel: (818) 248-7737 Fax: (818) 248-7745 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.westernprelacy.org DIVINE LITURGY TO BE CELEBRATED ON THE FEASTS OF STS. GHEVONTIANTS AND STS. VARTANANTS On Tuesday, February 6, 2018, the Armenian Church will commemorate the Feast of Sts. Ghevontiants, honoring the legacy of the brave clergymen who not only preached against tyranny, but with a cross in one hand and a sword in the other fought on the front lines in the Vartanants war and in the continuing resistance during the subsequent period. The Feast of Sts. Ghevontiants will be commemorated with Divine Liturgy on Tuesday, February 6 at Holy Cross Cathedral in Montebello (900 W, Lincoln Ave.), presided by the Prelate and with the participation of Prelacy clergy. Very Rev. Fr. Torkom Donoyan, Vicar General, will celebrate Divine Liturgy and deliver the sermon. The service begins at 7:00 p.m. In the morning, the annual clergy conference on this occasion will convene at Holy Cross Cathedral presided by the Prelate. On Thursday, February 8, the Armenian Church will commemorate the Feast of Sts. Vartanants, among the most popular religious and national feasts of the Armenian Church and people.General Vartan Mamigonian, his commanders, priests, and companions, numbering 1,036, are remembered on this feast day for their martyrdom in the year 451 in defense of our Christian faith and nation. The Feast of Sts. Vartanants will be commemorated with Divine Liturgy on Thursday, February 8, at the North Hollywood parish (13050 Vanowen St.), presided by the Prelate and with the participation of Prelacy clergy. Very Rev. Fr. Muron Aznikian will celebrate Divine Liturgy and deliver the sermon. The service begins at 7:00 p.m. We invite our faithful to join us in honoring the legacy of our heroes who selflessly gave their lives in defense of our faith and nation. *** FERRAHIAN SCHOOL 8TH GRADE CLASS VISITS THE PRELACY At the start of each year, the 8th grade class of Ferrahian School pays a visit to the Prelacy where they present a cultural program, receive the blessings and hear the message of H.E. Archbishop Moushegh Mardirossian, Prelate. This year's visit took place on Friday, February 2, 2018. The 42 students, accompanied by Principal Mrs. Sossi Shanlian and teachers, were welcomed by the Prelate, who was joined by Very Rev. Fr. Torkom Donoyan, Vicar General, Archpriest Fr. Nareg Pehlivanian, and Rev. Fr. Movses Shannakian. The visit began at the "St. Dertad and St. Ashkhen" Chapel where clergy sang the hymn dedicated to Vartanants, given that the Feasts of Sts. Ghevontiants and Sts. Vartanants were to be commemorated in the following days. The Prelate also gave a brief explanation of the paintings of Sts. Vartanants, St. Gregory the Illuminator, King Dertad, and St. Sahag and St. Mesrob adorning the Chapel's walls. The visit continued at "Dikran and Zarouhie Der Ghazarian" Hall, where the students presented a program of songs, recitations, dance, and piano pieces dedicated to the Battle of Avarayr and the Artsakh liberation movement. The Prelate commended the students for their performances and the teachers for the instruction they are providing to our youth, and then answered questions posed by the students on various topics relating to the Catholicosate, Prelacy, the Sis lawsuit, and general ecclesiastical matters. His Eminence commended the students' curiosity and interest, and noted that such visits serve as opportunities for them to renew their allegiance to our faith, nation, and heritage as well as the strengthening of the Prelacy-School bonds. The Prelate stated the expectation for our students to become active contributors to the life of our nation when they become adults as well as to society in general, and highlighted the role of our Armenian Schools in this regard. Finally, he urged the students to truly comprehend the value of the Armenian Church and School and pledge to remain faithful to our church and nation. The students presented a gift to the Prelate, while His Eminence gifted copies of the Prelacy's newly published Divine Liturgy booklet. The visit came to a close with the benediction, followed by "Cilicia" and the Armenian national anthem, after which students toured the Prelacy. *** PRELATE ATTENDS FAREWELL RECEPTION HONORING LEBANESE AMBASSADOR JOHNNY IBRAHIM By the invitation of the Advisory Board of the Consulate General of Lebanon in Los Angeles and a group of Armenian-American and Lebanese-American community members, on the evening of Thursday, February 1st, 2018, a farewell reception honoring His Excellency Ambassador Johnny Ibrahim was held at the California Club in Los Angeles. H.E. Archbishop Moushegh Mardirossian, Prelate, attended and conveyed his blessings and well wishes to Ambassador Ibrahim as he completes his term as Consul General of Lebanon in Los Angeles and embarks on his new mission as Ambassador of Lebanon in Argentina. Members of our Prelacy and community organizations were in attendance. *** ST. SARKIS CHURCH NAME-DAY CELEBRATION On Saturday, January 27, 2018, the Armenian Church commemorated the Feast of St. Sarkis, his son Mardiros, and their fourteen soldiers, who in the 4th century were martyred in defense of the Christian faith. As the feasts marks the name-day of St. Sarkis Church of Pasadena, on Sunday January 28, H.E. Archbishop Moushegh Mardirossian, Prelate, celebrated Divine Liturgy, delivered the sermon, and conducted the blessing of madagh at St. Sarkis Church. Rev. Fr. Boghos Baltayan assisted at the altar. Executive Council members Mr. Avo Kechichian and Mrs. Therese Kemanjian, benefactors Mr. and Mrs. Sarkis and Suzan Kitsinian and family, parish family members, representatives of community organizations, and a large number of faithful were in attendance. As the choir sang the hymn "Hrashapar," His Eminence entered the church in a procession to begin Divine Liturgy. The Prelate began his sermon by giving thanks to God for the opportunity to collectively partake in the day's Divine Liturgy and name-day celebration, and inspired by the message of St. Sarkis, his son Mardiros, and their fourteen soldiers, to renew our faith and in the words of the day's Gospel reading from John 6:22-38, to labor not for perishable food but for the heavenly food. His Eminence greeted the Executive Council members, benefactors, parish family, and faithful, wishing all continued successes in their service as "workers who do not need to be ashamed" (2 Timothy 2:15). Citing a verse from Nerses Shnorhali's hymn dedicated to St. Sarkis, the Prelate highlighted the saint's virtues as a fulfiller of requests, hearer of prayers, persecutor of evil, liberator of captives, alleviator of torments, and a brave and fearless preacher of the Christian faith, for which he, his son, and their soldiers were martyred. Referencing the message of the day's Gospel reading, the Prelate urged all to labor not for perishable food but for the bread of life, our Lord Jesus Christ, as did St. Sarkis and all of our saints. "St. Sarkis remains an everlasting intercessor for the Armenian people. Today, let us beseech his intercession for God to strengthen our faith so that we seek and pursue heavenly bread alone, to be endowed with his faith so that we may overcome and conquer all troubles with faith, and to transform us into bold and fearless soldiers and defenders of our faith and nation," stressed the Prelate, and concluded by once again conveying his congratulations and hoping for the message and spirit of the day's celebration to lead all into His light. At the conclusion of Divine Liturgy, the Prelate presided over requiem service and conducted the blessing of madagh. Prayers of repose were offered for the souls of the first parish pastor, Archpriest Fr. Sarkis Antreassian, the parents of the benefactors, Board of Trustees members, Delegates, Ladies Guild members, and all departed church servants. Afterward, as the choir sang the hymn "Oorakh Ler," His Eminence descended from the altar and proceeded to the narthex where the celebration came to a close with "Cilicia" and the Pontifical anthem. A lunch reception followed at "Andonian" Hall, presided by the Prelate and with the attendance of Executive Council member Mrs. Therese Kemanjian, the parish family, benefactor family, and "Lernavayr" Gomideh Chair Mr. Arman Baghdoyan. Rev. Fr. Boghos Baltayan welcomed the guests, expressed gratitude to the Prelate and thanks to the benefactors, and wished for St. Sarkis to be intercessor for all. The grandchildren of the benefactors entertained the guests with a medley of songs. Board of Trustees Chair Mr. Koko Panossian thanked all the sponsors and especially the Ladies Guild for their hard work over the preceding few days. Well wishes and congratulations were delivered by Mr. and Mrs. Sarkis and Suzan Kitsinian and long-time parish servant Mr. Sarkis Dervishian. Following the cutting of a cake dedicated to the parish name-day and the Prelate's milestone anniversaries, His Eminence delivered his message highlighting the special meaning and importance of such celebrations as opportunities for renewal and recommitment to faith and service. He concluded by congratulating all those bearing the name of St. Sarkis and his son Mardiros, in particular Mr. Sarkis Kitsinian, and closed the luncheon with the benediction. *** 26TH ANNIVERSARY ARMY DAY CELEBRATION On Sunday, January 28, 2018, the 26th anniversary of the establishment of Armenia's National Army was celebrated with a special event held under the auspices of the Consulate General of the Republic of Armenia and organized by the Armenian Society of Los Angeles. The honored guests were Marat Petrossyan and Narek Malkhasyan, young heroes of the four-day Artsakh war. The evening began with a private reception and press conference, which on behalf of H.E. Archbishop Moushegh Mardirossian, Prelate, Rev. Fr. Ghevont Kirazian attended. Alongside congratulatory and laudatory remarks addressed to the army, Mr. Artsrun Hovannisyan, Press Secretary of Armenia's Ministry of Defense, highlighted the brave service and important role of the two heroes during the war and answered questions posed by attendees. Fr. Ghevont conveyed the Prelate's blessings and in his message reflected on the collaborative efforts of the Armenian people, church, and army in defense of our homeland and heritage, citing the example of Vartan Mamigonian and Ghevont Yerets from the Battle of Avarayr, the Battle of Sardarabad one hundred years ago, and the ongoing defense of Artsakh today. A public celebration followed, which was attended by Archpriest Fr. Nareg Pehlivanian on behalf of the Prelate. The program began with national anthems and prayer, and continued with remarks and cultural performances. *** HOMENETMEN REGIONAL EXECUTIVE'S ANNUAL RECEPTION By the invitation of the Homenetmen Western Regional Executive, on Saturday, January 27, 2018, board members of local chapters, committees' members, and honorary presidents of the Navasartian Games gathered at Phoenicia Restaurant in Glendale for the organization's annual New Year and Christmas celebration. H.E. Archbishop Moushegh Mardirossian, Prelate, attended and conveyed his blessings and message, highlighted the milestone anniversaries to be celebrated this year, among them the centennial of the first Republic of Armenia and of Homenetmen, and the 90th anniversary of Hamazkayin, wishing that these occasions serve as opportunities for renewal of service. His Eminence wished for the upcoming centennial celebration of Homenetmen to lead the organization to new heights, and blessed and commended the greater Homenetmen family including past honorary presidents of the Navasartian Games and "Exemplary Homenetmen Members." *** PRELATE WELCOMES PLAYWRIGHT HRANT MARKARIAN On Saturday, January 27, 2018, H.E. Archbishop Moushegh Mardirossian, Prelate, welcomed the visit of Dr. Hrant Markarian, playwright, poet, theater specialist, literary critic, director, and actor, who was in Los Angeles by the invitation of the Hamazkayin "Hovhannes Toumanian" Chapter to present a one-man theatrical show dedicated to the 110th anniversary of the passing of Khrimian Hayrig. Dr. Markarian was accompanied by Hamazkayin representatives Mr. Saro Nazarian and Mrs. Tamar Tufenkdjian-Seraydarian. The Prelate and Dr. Markarian, long-time friends, conversed about Armenian culture in general and their respective service in that regard. Dr. Markarian provided details about his theatrical production dedicated to Khrimian Hayrig, which was held the following evening. On behalf of the Prelate, Very Rev. Fr. Torkom Donoyan, Vicar General, attended. He was joined by Very Rev. Fr. Muron Aznikian and Rev. Fr. Ghevont Kirazian. In his remarks on behalf of the Prelate, Fr. Torkom stated, "We have read and learned about Khrimian Hayrig, however, today, we had the opportunity to sense and experience his spirit and message." *** MEXICAN-ARMENIAN CULTURAL WEEK By the initiative of the Consulate General of Armenia and the Consulate General of Mexico in Los Angeles, February 2-9, 2018, has been designated Mexican-Armenian Cultural Week. Throughout the week, the contributions of both communities to the city of Los Angeles will be celebrated with school assemblies, art exhibits, movie screenings, and other events. The opening ceremony was held on the morning of Friday, February 2nd, at Van Nuys City Hall. On behalf of H.E. Archbishop Moushegh Mardirossian, Prelate, Archpriest Fr. Razmig Khatchadourian attended the ceremony, which featured the presentation of a resolution introduced by LA City Councilmembers Paul Krekorian and Monica Rodriguez. Ambassador of the Republic of Armenia to the U.S., the Honorable Grigor Hovhannisian, was in attendance, alongside members of the Consulates, community leaders and members. *** ARTSAKH FOUR-DAY WAR HEROES VISIT THE PRELATE On Friday, January 26, 2018, H.E. Archbishop Moushegh Mardirossian, Prelate, welcomed a special visit from two heroes of the Artsakh four-day war of 2016, Narek Malkhasyan and Marat Petrossyan, bearers of Armenia's "Combat Cross" highest order of honor and Artsakh's "Medal for Courage." The honored guests are in Los Angeles to participate in the celebration of the 26th anniversary of Armenia's National Army Day on Sunday, January 28, under the auspices of the Consulate General of Armenia in Los Angeles. Very Rev. Fr. Torkom Donoyan, Vicar General, joined in the meeting. The heroes were accompanied by Artsrun Hovannisyan, Press Secretary of Armenia's Ministry of Defense, and Razmik Stepanyan, Counsellor at the Consulate General of Armenia in Los Angeles. The Prelate warmly greeted the heroes, commending their heroism and devotion to homeland. Following a conversation on the four-day war, the visit continued at the "St. Dertad and St. Ashkhen" Chapel where the Prelate offered a prayer for the safety and security of Armenia and Artsakh and blessed the heroes. At the conclusion of the visit, His Eminence presented mementos to the heroes. ***
Author: Alex Jidarian
France’s Macron hopes to see Karabakh conflict settled one day
French President Emmanuel Macron on Tuesday attended the annual dinner organized by the Coordinating Council of the Armenian Organizations of France (CCAF). President Macron appeared at the traditional event wearing a forget-me-not and delivered a lengthy speech.
As reported earlier, the French leader announced his decision to add April 24 in the French calendar as the day of commemoration of the Armenian Genocide victims in his speech.
In their remarks, CCAF Co-Chairs Ara Toranian and Murad Papazian urged President Macron to denounce Turkey, which “is threatening the minorities". They also invited the French president to visit Nagorno-Karabakh.
Macron, however, backed his country’s political dialogue with Turkey, claiming they need allies to handle terrorism and migration crisis, “including those who do not share our values”.
“I will disappoint you again, but I will not accompany you to Karabakh, because I will lose all the use France has in this conflict [settlement process], that of being a mediator and being heard by both parties,” Macron said.
The French leader also expressed hope there will come a time when Karabakh conflict is settled.
"I hope to come with you to the day when everything is settled," he said.
Emmanuel Macron will pay a state visit to Armenia in October and will attend the 17th Summit of La Francophonie in Yerevan.
To note, the annual dinner was attended by Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo, Turkish-Armenia lawmaker Garo Paylan, French politician of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) Patrick Devedjian as well as more than 500 representatives of the Armenian community of France.
Mkhitaryan’s apparent debut in Arsenal to take place January 30 in Swansea clash
Armenia’s Henrikh Mkhitaryan, the new midfielder of London’s Arsenal, can mark his debut in the London club today On January 30, as the Gunners will clash with Swansea in a Premier League match.
Wenger will presumably include Mkhitaryan, who recently transferred from Manchester United, in the starting lineup.
Mkhitaryan was seen training and preparing for the upcoming match with Arsenal.
Azerbaijani authorities entered themselves into deadlock – Vice Speaker Sharmazanov
Armenpress News Agency , Armenia Thursday Azerbaijani authorities entered themselves into deadlock – Vice Speaker Sharmazanov YEREVAN, JANURY 25, ARMENPRESS. Azerbaijan, after almost every serious international event, responds by provocation. This happened recently after the meeting of the Armenian foreign minister Edward Nalbandian and Azerbaijani foreign minister Elmar Mammadyarov, as well as after the Geneva meeting (October 16, 2017), this also happened now, Eduard Sharmazanov – Vice Speaker of the Armenian Parliament, told a press conference in Armenpress. “By this step Azerbaijan shows that it is not ready for constructive talks, that their leaders say something around the negotiation table, but in fact they became the victims of their own maximalist policy. They entered themselves into a deadlock”, the Vice Speaker said. While delivering remarks at PACE, the Armenian President said the international community should help the Azerbaijani authorities to get out of the maximalist situation. According to Sharmazanov, the international community should help, but there is one truth – it’s impossible to help someone who doesn’t want it. “Here the problem is in the brains of the Azerbaijani leadership. They became the victims of Armenophobic, racist policy. I don’t want to inflame the passions, but I will say a very clear thing. Today if you open the Azerbaijani textbooks, official websites and look at the speeches of the Hitler leaders during 30s, you will see that Goebbels, Hitler were replaced by Azerbaijani officials. Goebbels and Hitler were just addressing their calls against the Jews, today the Azerbaijani leadership makes such racist statements against Armenians”, Eduard Sharmazanov said. Sharmazanov said the vivid evidence of this is the elimination of tens of thousands cross-stones in Julfa (Jugha). “I am confident that the Armenian Army can maintain the balance by both diplomatic and military means. If the concerned sides want long-lasting peace in this region, Azerbaijan should be brought to the constructive field , I don’t know whether it will be by making it understand this, or by sanctions, pressures”, the Vice Speaker said. Sharmazanov emphasized that such provocations can never affect the political will of the citizens of Artsakh and Armenia. The aspiration for freedom can never be questioned. “All provocations cannot solve any issue. If the life of their soldier has no value for them, for us, even a small injury of our soldier is above all. The life of the citizen of Armenia and Artsakh is the most expensive value”, he said. The Armed Forces of Artsakh detected a reconnaissance penetration attempt by Azerbaijani forces overnight January 25 in the defense section of a military unit in the south-eastern (Kurapatkino) direction of the line of contact. As result of preventive countermeasures the Azerbaijani special forces were pushed back. According to preliminary information, the Azerbaijani forces suffered losses. Details are being clarified.
President Sargsyan says Azerbaijan’s maximalist expectations hinder NK conflict settlement
Azerbaijan’s maximalist and unrealistic expectations from the outcome of the negotiations is an obstacle to the negotiations over the Nagorno Karabakh conflict settlement, Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan said at PACE, in response to the question of one of the MPs.
“If the international community can help Azerbaijan to get rid of illusions and come to a realistic field, I think we will achieve great success in a short period of time”, the President said.
He added that the Nagorno Karabakh conflict hinders the development of the peoples of the conflicting sides, takes human lives, great material resources. “Really there is a need for this conflict to be solved. The fact that the agreements reached are not being implemented also hinders the negotiation process. In 2016 Azerbaijan launched large-scale military operations. After that we had meetings in Vienna, St. Petersburg and then in Geneva. During these meetings we reached an agreement that the best way to continue the negotiations is to create some trust elements. In this regard we made a decision to create an international investigative mechanism for ceasefire violations, expand the powers and set of tools of the personal representative of the OSCE Chairperson-in-Office and reduce tension”, the Armenian President said.
He stated that this didn’t happen since immediately after these meetings the Azerbaijan high-ranking officials announced that this is not their statement, these are the statements of the Co-Chairs, and that the Nagorno Karabakh issue is Azerbaijan’s internal affair. “In such circumstances, of course, it’s unrealistic to expect a quick settlement or intensive progress of negotiations”, President Serzh Sargsyan said.
Criminal proceedings launched over Azerbaijani shooting of Armenian soldier
A criminal case was opened in the military investigative committee on the shooting of Private Adibek Mikoyan by Azerbaijani forces. The soldier was wounded in the shooting.
According to initial information, the soldier was wounded by Azerbaijani forces while on duty on January 17 while carrying out engineering works at a military base.
The soldier is hospitalized.
Sports: Six shooters to represent Armenia in Munich tournament
Head coach of the team Seyran Nikoghosyan has told Mediamax Sport that the team will travel to Munich on January 22.
“Our athletes will be involved in both junior and adult competitions. The training is going well. This will be our first tournament in 2018, so we will do everything to perform well,” he said.
Alla Poghosyan, Hayk Babayan, Narek Adamyan (junior), Mariam Mikaelyan and Hrachik Babayan (adult) will represent Armenia in the rifle shooting competition.
As for the pistol, Armenia will be represented only in the adults’ competition, by Benik Khlghatyan.
Artsakhpress-Տարին ամփոփում ենք 15 տոկոս տնտեսական աճով. ֆինանսների նախարարը հանդես է եկել մամուլի ասուլիսով
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‘Mirror, mirror on the wall’, letting ‘self-determination’ say it all
The Financial Express (Bangladesh) January 9, 2018 Tuesday 'Mirror, mirror on the wall', letting 'self-determination' say it all Bangladesh, Jan. 9 -- One-hundred years ago, almost to the date, Woodrow Wilson put the old wine of self-determination into a new bottle in such a way that the remaining 20th Century and also the 21st continue to still reverberate. Presenting his 'Fourteen Points' to the US Congress in his State of the Union address, Wilson helped post-World War I peacekeeping by proposing to make the League of Nations the vehicle. Governance of this sort, conducted previously through the Concert of Europe, for example, turned out to be too restricted in length, breadth, and depth at a time of imperial clout, but that helped Wilson's broad-ranging vision be heard and heeded across an equally wide segment of the world. This is not to say the League of Nations was the medicine that the doctor not only ordered but also pinned any cure upon. It was instead what the Model-T was to automobile evolution in the first-half of the 20th Century, a prototype, in this case of global governance. Of course, it floundered where it began, in Europe, but it was partly fated to that culmination when its 'founding father', Wilson's, proposal was abandoned by his country, the United States. Learning from the many mistakes, its follow-up attempt, the United Nations, still manages to stand on its own two feet. Obviously tottering with membership exponentially climbing beyond the chart, global governance nevertheless held on against so many other odds, diversifying methods and instruments, but mostly becoming a part and parcel of everyday conversation. More important is the central idea behind global governance. Sovereignty may be the name for it, but how it began under that explosive 'self-determination' label supplies one strand to measure its fate a century after its most famous advocate brought it into the global lexicon. When he articulated it, Wilson directly and specifically addressed extant empires, ranging from Austro-Hungary's and the Ottomans' in Europe and Asia Minor to Great Britain's and France's global empires. That his own country emerged from such a trapping in 1776 served to inspire many intellectuals in colonised societies across the world, as if demanding US championship of their cause. Wilson's call would have its immediate impact in Europe, where the nation-state was born almost three centuries before: Austro-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey were dismantled by the post-World War I Paris Peace Conferences, while India and a string of African French colonies had to wait a generation or more longer. Dismantling empires posed an unresolved problem, indeed, complicating matters as if to thwart any such outcome. This was the nationality problem. The Treaty of Westphalia sanctified statehood in terms of nationality, and since that was the medium and mode, it spawned problems not just in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, but even across Europe. Neither the Austro-Hungarian nor Turk empires could be dissolved into 'nation'-based states since certain nationalities, especially the larger ones, wanted to control the minorities: Turks wanted to control the Armenians and Kurds, among others. So too was the case of the Slavs over Bosnians and Croats. In short, dissolving the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires produced some vexing problems: Yugoslavia's 1990s dissolution produced the most savage European moments since World War II, out of which Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia had to be carved out in the 1990s. Next-door Czechoslovakia also had to be reduced, albeit peacefully, to the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia; while, Turk consolidation almost eliminated the Armenians and disseminated the Kurds into at least five different states. Iraq and Syria continue that same struggle today, to convert artificial state-nations into nation-states, with Shias, Sunnis, and Kurds creating differently coloured but mostly incompatible constellations in each. India further illustrates what is at stake. Its well-known story began when the 1947 independence created two major states, each congested with too many nationalities to give any sense of stability. Bangladesh's split from Pakistan became South Asia's Damoclean Sword, just as Africa's thornier tribal yardstick not only presents an alternate and more complicated statehood platform, but also predicts far more volatile outcomes. Whatever peace the nation-state brought to West Europe, cannot be replicated elsewhere. This is the net result of rallying behind 'self-determination' slogans. Self-determination need not be nationalistically-driven. Since self-determination, as a call for freedom, rallies multiple nationalities simultaneously, how to tame the competing nationalistic surges behind the self-determination crusades becomes the sine qua non of state survival. If Wilson's self-determination calls remain open-ended still, the book on empires cannot be fully closed. From the Balfour Declaration and the Sykes-Picot Agreement to the McMahon Line, we see divisions backed by armies to such an extent that global security hinges upon them. Self-determination has been snuffed or subjugated, nationalist fires refuse to taper, and even consummated nationalism, as in Spain, hovers close to another type of a cleavage, based on ethnicity. Self-determination may be more problematic a label and reality now than when Wilson elevated its call; but had he, or someone else, not risen to the occasion, perhaps the 20th Century may have been far more bloody than it turned out to be. If the 30-odd sovereign members of the League of Nations had not multiplied to the near-200 UN members today, we would have the perpetual war Thomas Hobbes warned us about; and even if empires had broken down, dictators ruling state-nations would have infested every continent to as abysmal a low point as any colonial identity could. It is for that reason that a salute is due to the man who stood out to alert a far wider world of the basic human right being absent. When we consider human rights issues today, behind the teeming millions still not relishing them, the figure of Woodrow Wilson stands tall: he helped motivate everyone to mould a more natural collective identity, but also to institutionalise it in some way. He set the example by drifting from his own country in order to push the nail home after 1918. Ultimately, by not following his 1918 lead, the United States had to re-do the entire ball-game during World War II at Dumbarton Oaks and other locations. Yet, once ensnared, self-determination literally opened a Pandora's box of human rights that we must now disseminate. That he stood up from an isolationist premise redoubles his doubly noteworthy contribution. As a forerunner of US internationalism, though that status produced its own conflicts, and quite a host of them, the United States still remains one of the most crucial champions of human rights and self-determination today as they enter their second century of inducing individuals to maximise their own rights and values opens up. It is a salutary moment in a tribally-torn 21st Century when an individual identity-search has far outpaced its nationality-based counterpart. Dr. Imtiaz A. Hussain is Professor & Head of the newly-built Department of Global Studies & Governance at Independent University, Bangladesh.
Turkey to install electronic systems at border with Armenia
Suleiman Soylu, Turkish Interior Minister, spoke about the course of construction work on the border with Iran, as well as the security measures to be taken at the border with Armenia and Georgia.
According to “Borsagundem” news site, Suleiman Soylu said that at present, almost half of the 144-kilometer wall was built on the Turkish-Iranian border. The Minister emphasized that the wall should prevent illegal crossing, as well as the entrance of terrorists into their country.
Speaking about the security measures to be carried out at the Armenian-Turkish and Turkish-Georgian border, he said that Turkey was going to install electronic systems there.
“I think we will take similar measures in Ardahan during one or two months. At this moment we are not building a wall there, we will only install new electronic systems there.”
To remind, Turkey has begun testing the cameras installed earlier in the Kars state border of the Armenian-Turkish border.