Author: Antonian Lara

BBC News
Last Updated: Wednesday, 30 June, 2004, 12:03 GMT 13:03 UK

Analysis: Defining genocide

Black Africans say they are being driven from their homes in Darfur
Human rights campaigners accuse Sudan’s pro-government Arab militia of
carrying out genocide against black African residents of the Darfur region.
They are accused of forcing some one million people from their homes and
killing at least 10,000.

Many thousands more are at risk of starving due to a lack of food in the
camps where they have fled.

UN Secretary General Kofi Annan has refused to use the term genocide, which
would carry a legal obligation to act.

But US Secretary of State Colin Powell said: “We see indicators and elements
that would start to move you toward a genocidal conclusion but we’re not
there yet.”

But what is genocide and when can it be applied? Some argue that the
definition is too narrow and others that the term is devalued by misuse.

UN definition

The term was coined in 1943 by the Jewish-Polish lawyer Raphael Lemkin who
combined the Greek word “genos” (race or tribe) with the Latin word “cide”
(to kill).

After witnessing the horrors of the Holocaust – in which every member of his
family except his brother and himself was killed – Dr Lemkin campaigned to
have genocide recognised as a crime under international law.

Genocide is… both the gravest and greatest of the crimes against
humanity

Alain Destexhe
His efforts gave way to the adoption of the UN Convention on Genocide in
December 1948, which came into effect in January 1951.

Article Two of the convention defines genocide as “any of the following acts
committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national,
ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

Killing members of the group
Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group
Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring
about its physical destruction in whole or in part
Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group
Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group
The convention also imposes a general duty on states that are signatories to
“prevent and to punish” genocide.

Ever since its adoption, the UN treaty has come under fire from different
sides, mostly by people frustrated with the difficulty of applying it to
different cases.

‘Too narrow’

Some analysts argue that the definition is so narrow that none of the mass
killings perpetrated since the treaty’s adoption would fall under it.

The objections most frequently raised against the treaty include:

The convention excludes targeted political and social groups
The definition is limited to direct acts against people, and excludes acts
against the environment which sustains them or their cultural
distinctiveness
Proving intention beyond reasonable doubt is extremely difficult
UN member states are hesitant to single out other members or intervene, as
was the case in Rwanda
There is no body of international law to clarify the parameters of the
convention (though this is changing as UN war crimes tribunals issue
indictments)
The difficulty of defining or measuring “in part”, and establishing how many
deaths equal genocide
But in spite of these criticisms, there are many who say genocide is
recognisable.

In his book Rwanda and Genocide in the 20th Century, former
secretary-general of Doctors Without Borders, Alain Destexhe says: “Genocide
is distinguishable from all other crimes by the motivation behind it.

“Genocide is a crime on a different scale to all other crimes against
humanity and implies an intention to completely exterminate the chosen
group.

“Genocide is therefore both the gravest and greatest of the crimes against
humanity.”

Loss of meaning

Mr Destexhe believes the word genocide has fallen victim to “a sort of
verbal inflation, in much the same way as happened with the word fascist”.

The slaughter in Rwanda shocked the world
Because of that, he says, the term has progressively lost its initial
meaning and is becoming “dangerously commonplace”.

Michael Ignatieff, director of the Carr Centre for Human Rights Policy at
Harvard University, agrees.

“Those who should use the word genocide never let it slip their mouths.
Those who unfortunately do use it, banalise it into a validation of every
kind of victimhood,” he said in a lecture about Raphael Lemkin.

“Slavery for example, is called genocide when – whatever it was, and it was
an infamy – it was a system to exploit, rather than to exterminate the
living.”

In the Democratic Republic of Congo, a renegade commander said he captured
the town of Bukavu earlier this month to prevent a genocide of Congolese
Tutsis – the Banyamulenge.

It later transpired that fewer than 100 people had died.

The differences over how genocide should be defined, lead also to
disagreement on how many genocides actually occurred during the 20th
Century.

History of genocide

Some say there was only one genocide in the last century – the Holocaust.

Other experts give a long list of what they consider cases of genocide,
including the Soviet man-made famine of Ukraine (1932-33), the Indonesian
invasion of East Timor (1975), and the Khmer Rouge killings in Cambodia in
the 1970s.

Former Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic is on trial in The Hague, charged
with genocide in Bosnia from 1992-5.

However, some say there have been at least three genocides under the 1948 UN
convention:

The mass killing of Armenians by Ottoman Turks between 1915-1920 – an
accusation that the Turks deny
The Holocaust, during which more than six million Jews were killed
Rwanda, where an estimated 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus died in the
1994 genocide
In the case of Bosnia, many believe that massacres occurred as part of a
pattern of genocide, though some doubt that intent can be proved in the case
of Mr Milosevic
The first case to put into practice the convention on genocide was that of
Jean Paul Akayesu, the Hutu mayor of the Rwandan town of Taba at the time of
the killings.

In a landmark ruling, a special international tribunal convicted him of
genocide and crimes against humanity on 2 September 1998.

Twenty-one ringleaders of the Rwandan genocide have now been convicted by
the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.

Milosevic denies committing genocide
Earlier this year, the war crimes tribunal for the former Yugoslavia widened
the definition of what constitutes genocide.

General Radislav Krstic had appealed against his conviction for his role in
the killing of more than 7,000 Muslim men and boys in Srebrenica in 1995.

But the court rejected his argument that the numbers were “too
insignificant” to be genocide – a decision likely to set an international
legal precedent.

On Darfur, Mr Powell says: “We can find the right label for it later, we
have got to deal with it now.”

But US envoy for war crimes Pierre Prosper has already started to compile a
list of those associated with the Janjaweed Arab militia.

For the moment, these are threatened with sanctions but in the future, they
may be charged with genocide, like those in Rwanda and the former
Yugoslavia.

ANSA Notiziario Generale in Italiano
June 29, 2004

ARMENIA-AZERBAIGIAN: SOLDATO AZERO UCCISO ALLA FRONTIERA

(ANSA-AFP) – BAKU, 29 GIU – Il ministero della Difesa azero
ha annunciato che un suo soldato e’ stato ucciso dalle forze
armene alla frontiera tra i due Paesi.
Elnur Quliev, 18 anni – ha dichiarato un portavoce del
ministero della Difesa – e’ stato ucciso ieri mattina in uno
scontro a fuoco con militari armeni nella regione di Agdam, nel
sud dell’Azerbaigian.

Vi e’ tensione tra le forze armene e azere dalla fine del
conflitto che le ha opposte negli anni ’90 per il Nagorni
Karabakh, ‘enclave armena in territorio azero, attualmente
sotto controllo armeno. Le parti osservano sostanzialmente un
cessate il fuoco, ma nelle ultime settimane vi sono state
isolate sparatorie. Sia l’Armenia sia l’Azerbaigian hanno
denunciato l’uccisione di un proprio militare.

FROM THE MARGINS
Glendale News Press

A day in the life of a mid-century Glendalian

PATRICK AZADIAN
June 12, 2004

A couple of months ago, I decided to experience life as a Glendalian of
the mid-1950s. This would have been a time when Glendale was a quiet
little town with an ethnically homogenous population.

What better day to carry out this time-travel experiment than on April
24? On this particular Saturday, a significant population of the city
would be busy commemorating the Armenian Genocide, and the city would
revert to what it was half a century ago. I had already dedicated my
column leading up to this day to the lives lost in 1915. My conscience
was clear; I sensed a green signal from my grandparents in the other world.

As green seemed to be the color of the day, I headed to the coffee shop
with the green logo of the mermaid. It was about noon, and I still had
not had my Americano grande. I would have had the “traditional” cup of
coffee, but sometimes when the coffee reaches the bottom of the barrel,
it begins tasting burned. And I can feel the employees getting tired of
my seemingly snobby question: “Is the coffee fresh?” I pay the 50 cents
extra to get the consistency I need, as well as the espresso foam that
comes on top of my hot beverage.

Lorna, the quasi-redhead manager with some distant Korean roots, was on
duty that day. I knew my Americano foam was going to be just perfect.
She did not disappoint, and in return, I decided to gift her with a bit
of coffee trivia.

“Hey, Lorna, do you know where ‘Americano’ originated from?”

“Hmm … no, please enlighten,” she said with a hint of sarcasm.

“Only if you can take a coffee break.”

“Sure, give me a second.”

She put the cap on my Americano, dressed it up with the brown recycled
sleeve, and placed it on the oval wooden pick-up area. “Thank you,
Patrick, I’ll be out there in a second.”

While I waited outside, I had some time to think about the delivery of
my story. I was determined to keep the core of the story true, but
enhance it with a mid-century theme. Lorna eventually walked out and sat
across from me, and lighted her cigarette. She took a deep puff into her
Baltimorean lungs, kept the smoke in for a second, and finally let it
out from her nostrils. “So, tell me. Where does the ‘Americano’ come from?”

“I thought you’d never ask … Well, during World War II, in July 1943
to be exact, the American forces landed on the Mediterranean island of
Sicily. They arrived in the ancient port of Gela, the ancient Campi
Geloi. The port was founded by Cretan and Rhodian colonists in 688 BC … ”

“And … ”

“Well, once the war was won, and the soldiers had some time to enjoy
themselves, three of the men found their way to a café in the center
piazza (public square) in Gela. As is the usual practice in Italy, the
waiters only come to your table if they feel like it. So after the
mandatory half an hour of trying to make eye contact with the waiter,
the Americans placed an order for three caffés. Another half an hour of
compulsory waiting followed before the young waiter emerged with three
shots of espresso. After another hour of waiting, the Americans faced
the possibility of consuming the tiny shots within seconds. As in
America, where more, and not less, is always more, they sent the waiter
back, demanding: ‘Caffé Americano! Caffé Americano!’

“The puzzled waiter ran to the kitchen and informed his boss of the
apparent crisis. The big boss displayed the same type of resourcefulness
his beloved Italy had shown during the war. He exclaimed: ‘Basta
mescolare il espresso con acqua e nessuno sa la differenza.’ (In
Italian: ‘Just mix espresso with water, they won’t know the difference.’)

“And that’s how the ‘Americano’ was born.”

By this time Lorna was trying to make rings with her smoke, but she was
startled by my abrupt silence. “Thank you for the story, Patrick. I
gotta get back to work.”

“No problem. See ya.”

It was about 1 o’clock by now, and I pondered my next move as a
Glendalian. I picked up an issue of the News-Press and scanned the
Calendar section. The 1954 movie, “On the Waterfront,” starring Marlon
Brando, was showing at 2 p.m. at the Alex. How appropriate. I had half
an hour to find a victim to accompany me to the show. I made a phone
call to my favorite Armenian redhead, and was cordially turned down. I
attributed it to the short notice. I should have known — the color of
the day was green, not red. I walked over to the theater, ordered myself
a drink from the food stand, and sat myself in the open-air plaza. I was
basking in the sun, there wasn’t an Armenian in sight, I was surrounded
by early 20th-century architecture, and was awaiting a 1954 movie
featuring my all-time favorite actor.

It would have been nostalgic had I lived in that era. It was an
unfamiliar state of being.

,1,5538740.story?coll=la-tcn-glendale-columnists

PRESS OFFICE
ARMENIAN CHURCH OF NORTH AMERICA WESTERN DIOCESE
3325 North Glenoaks Blvd.
Burbank, CA 91504
Tel: (818) 558-7474
Fax: (818) 558-6333
E-mail: [email protected]
Website:

COMMUNIQUÉ

PRIMATE MEETS WITH DIOCESAN CLERGY COUNCIL

On June 15, 2004 His Eminence Archbishop Hovnan Derderian, Primate of
the Armenian Church of North America, Western Diocese, presided over the
monthly meeting of the Clergy Executive Council, the officially elected
body of clergy who implement the missions and projects adopted by the
Clergy Conference at , which is convened four times during the year..

NEW STEWARDSHIP COMMITTEE

A new Stewardship Committee has been established within the Western
Diocese, headed by Dr. Vahram Biricik. The new committee has chosen to
take a different approach, by allocating proceeds of their work
primarily towards the Clergy Education Fund. On June 15, 2004 His
Eminence Archbishop Hovnan Derderian presided over the inaugural meeting
of the committee.

APN HOSTS ITS FIRST EVENT

On Wednesday, June 16, 2004 APN, the Armenian Professionals
Network, which was established recently under the auspices the Western
Diocese and is headed by Mr. Vahe Ashjian, held its first event at the
Diocesan Headquarters in Burbank, presided by His Eminence Archbishop
Hovnan Derderian. Present were also Former Mayor of Glendale Mr. Frank
Quintero, and Mr. Greg Martayan, who us running for LA City Council. A
short program outlining the purpose and mission of APN was followed by
an intimate reception.

PRIMATE MEETS WITH ACYO YOUTH

On June 18, 2004 His Eminence Archbishop Hovnan Derderian held a
meeting with the Senior ACYO Chapter of St. Peter Armenian Apostolic
Church in Van Nuys. The intimate meeting was mutulally beneficial for
both the Primate and the young adults of St. Peters who were in
attendance.

HIS EMINENCE VISITS NAREK CULTURAL ASSOCIATION

On June 19, 2004 His Eminence Archbishop Hovnan Derderian paid his first
official visit to the Nareg Cultural Association, accompanied by Very
reverend Fr. Dajad Yardemian. The Primate met with the students of the
school, and gave them each crosses. An intimate encounter took place
between His Eminence and the students, after which the Principal and the
Board invited the Primate to preside the official opening of the School,
to take place on September 19, 2004.

PRIMATE ATTENDS THE COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES
OF AGBU MANOOGIAN-DEMIRDJIAN SCHOOL

On the evening of June 19, 2004 His Eminence Archbishop Hovnan
Derderian attended the commencement exercises of the AGBU
Manoogian-Demirdjian School. The Primate took the podium and addressed
the students, saying that what made his presence at the ceremonies that
evening more meaningful was the fact that he had had the opportunity to
personally meet and get acquainted with the students, when they visited
the Diocese in December. His Eminence then congratulated the graduates
and wished them well in their futures. The evening closed with the
Primate’s prayer.

PRIMATE CELEBRATES DIVINE LITURGY
AT ST. GREGORY, PASADENA

On Sunday, June 20, 2004 His Eminence Archbishop Hovnan
Derderian celebrated Divine Liturgy and delivered the Sermon at St.
Gregory Armenian Apostolic Church, in Pasadena. He also honored the
members of the choir and the deacons, and presented gifts to each of
them.
During Divine Liturgy the Primate also acknowledged the presence
of well known Armenian Poet, Mr. Jacques Hagopian. A reception followed
in the church hall.

PRIMATE MEETS WITH NAIRA MELKOUMIAN

On Monday, June 21, 2004 His Eminence Archbishop Hovnan
Derderian held an official meeting with the Executive Director of
Armenia Fund Mrs. Naira Melkoumian and the Chairlady of Los Angeles All
Armenia Fund Mrs. Maria Mehranian.

UPCOMING EVENTS

We would like to bring to your attention the upcoming activities of His
Eminence Archbishop Hovnan Derderian, Primate of the Armenian Church of
North America Western Diocese, for the week of June 22-28, 2004. We will
inform you of the details and any changes with future communiqués.

Tuesday, June 22 Pastoral visit to San Diego

Thursday, June 24 – Graduation ceremony of the Hovsepian School

Friday, June 25 Official visit to the Diocese by Assemblyman
Dario Fromer

Saturday, June 26 Training of the Diocesan Summer Camp
Counselors

Sunday, June 27 St. James Armenian Church – Divine Liturgy, reception in
honor of Archpriest Fr. Arshag Khatchadourian, and bestowing the
Encyclical of His Holiness upon Mrs. Mary Najarian

– Evening – Graduation ceremony at TCA Arshag Dickranian School

Monday, June 28 Meeting of the Deacons’ Executive Council at the
Diocesan Headquarters

DIVAN OF THE DIOCESE
June 21, 2004
Burbank, CA

Armenian govt forecasts 6%-7% GDP growth in 2005-2007

Interfax
June 21 2004

Yerevan. (Interfax) – The Armenian government is forecasting growth
in GDP in 2005-2007 of 6%-7% per annum and average yearly inflation in
this period is planned at not more than 3%, Armenian Finance Minister
Pavel Safarian said at a press briefing.

He said that in absolute terms GDP in 2005-2007 would amount to 1.953
trillion dram, 2.133 trillion dram and 2.33 trillion dram respectively.

The deputy minister said that the government approved a mid-term
program for expenditure in 2005-2007. He said that priority would be
given to expenditure on education, healthcare and social welfare.

Armenian GDP in 2003 increased 13.9% year-on-year to 1.62 trillion
dram. The Armenian Central Bank forecasts that inflation in the
republic in 2004 will not exceed 3%. Consumer prices increased 8.6%
in 2003.

The official exchange rate on June 17 was 545.63 dram to the dollar.

Leko shocks Anand as Armenia fights back

Sify, India
June 15 2004

Moscow: Former World Champion Viswanathan Anand suffered a shock defeat
at the hands of Hungarian Grandmaster Peter Leko in the fifth and
penultimate round of Armenia versus Rest of the World chess contest at
Hotel Hyatt Ararat on Monday. Smbat Lputian also struck back firmly
to help Armenia stage a remarkable recovery in the closing stages of
this match being organised to celebrate the 75th Birth Anniversary
of late Armenian World Champion Tigran Petrosian.

Team Armenia eventually coasted home to a 4-2 victory, their first so
far in the six-game match, and narrowed Worlds lead down to two points.

With just one more round of six games remaining in the Scheveningen
event, the World team is still the favourite to win. The scores now
stand at 16-14 in favour of the World.

After five straight black victories, it was the turn of the first
player to do the damage and coming out triumphs was Leko who played
an energy-filled end game to put it across Anand.

Playing the white side of a Sicilian Tiamanov, Leko opted for the
structure akin to the English attack and ensured himself a better
end game after the queens got traded very early in the middle game.

Anand’s game plan did not succeed in the later stages even as pieces
got exchanged at regular intervals and the players arrived at rook
and pawns end game with equal strength.

However, the pawn structure of the Indian was earlier dismantled by
the Hungarian star and Anand found hard to cope.

Knocking down one pawn by force, Leko displayed excellent technique
to romp home in 68 moves.

Lputian had a dubious record thus far in the event with three losses
and a draw but the lowest rated Armenian player in the match held on
to his own to succeed over young Spaniard Francisco Vallejo Pons who
had to pay heavy dividends for his over ambitious play.

It was a position akin to the Queens gambit accepted after the opening
and Vallejo had a comfortable position on board after he won a pawn.

The just result should have been a draw as white had more active
pieces but trying harder, Vallejo went for an exchange and got two
menacing passed pawns on the queen side.

However, just as it appeared Vallejo was cruising, Lputian came up
with some dour defence, denying further liberty to his opponent.

As it turned out in the end, the better decision might have been a draw
by repetition that Vallejo refused vide repetition after the exchange.

Lputian handled the end game pretty well to score his first victory
at a crucial moment for his team. The game lasted 76 moves.

All the remaining four matches were drawn and the quickest of the
day was between Adams and Gelfand who signed truce in just 20 moves
of a Sicilian Nazdorf.

Chessbase News, Germany
June 14 2004

Meeting the King’s Indian – with Petrosian

13.06.2004 To commemorate the 75th birthday of the late world
champion Tigran Petrosian our Internet trainer Dennis Monokroussos
will look at his distinctive way of meeting the King’s Indian
Defense. Join him on Monday night, especially if you would like to
add a new anti-King’s Indian weapon to your repertoire. Catch it on
the Playchess server.

Dennis Monokroussos writes: “This Thursday, Tigran Petrosian, the 9th
World Chess Champion, would have been 75. In Armenia, his home
country, a match between those with a connection to Armenia or
Petrosian against a Rest of the World team is taking place to
commemorate the occasion, and we’ll use this week’s show to
commemorate it in our own way. In particular, we’ll look at his
distinctive way of meeting the King’s Indian Defense and some of its
most notable successes over the years (its victims include Fischer
and Kasparov!). So please join us tonight, especially if you would
like to add a new anti-King’s Indian weapon to your repertoire, as
well as to take a look at one of the great geniuses of positional
chess of all time.”

Dennis Monokroussos is 37, lives in South Bend, IN (the site of the
University of Notre Dame), and is writing a Ph.D. dissertation in
philosophy (in the philosophy of mind) while adjuncting at the
University.

He is fairly inactive as a player right now, spending most of his
non-philosophy time being a husband and teaching chess. At one time
he was one of the strongest juniors in the U.S., but quit for about
eight years starting in his early 20s. His highest rating was 2434
USCF, but he has now fallen to the low-mid 2300s – “too much blitz,
too little tournament chess”, he says.

Dennis has been working as a chess teacher for seven years now,
giving lessons to adults and kids both in person and on the internet,
worked for a number of years for New York’s Chess In The Schools
program, where he was one of the coaches of the 1997-8 US K-8
championship team from the Bronx, and was very active in working with
many of CITS’s most talented juniors.

When Dennis Monokroussos presents a game, there are usually two main
areas of focus: the opening-to-middlegame transition and the key
moments of the middlegame (or endgame, when applicable). With respect
to the latter, he attempts to present some serious analysis culled
from his best sources (both text and database), which he has checked
with his own efforts and then double-checked with his chess software.

Dennis Monokroussos’ Radio ChessBase lectures begin on Mondays at 9
p.m. EDT, which translates to 02:00h GMT, 03:00 Paris/Berlin, 13:00h
Sydney (on Tuesday). Other time zones can be found below. You can use
Fritz or any Fritz-compatible program (Shredder, Junior, Tiger,
Hiarcs) to follow the lectures, or download a free trial client.

Azer Tag, Azerbaijan State Info Agency
June 10 2004

AZERBAIJAN ENHANCE RELATIONS WITH VATICAN
[June 10, 2004, 11:52:30]

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan Republic Elmar Mammadyarov
met with apostolic nuncio of Vatican to Georgia and Azerbaijan Claudio
Gugerotti on June 9.

During the meeting, Minister stressed that Azerbaijan stands for
strengthening relations and business ties with Vatican.

Claudio Gugerotti highly rated the friendly relations between the
countries and noted that Vatican attaches great significance to
cooperation with Azerbaijan in all spheres. He reported that the aim
of his visit to Azerbaijan is the familiarization with the construction
of Catholic Church in Baku.

Then, E. Mammadyarov updated the guest on the Azerbaijan-Armenia,
Nagorny Karabakh problem and activity of international organizations
in this direction.

CENN — JUNE 9, 2004 DAILY DIGEST
Table of Contents:
1. Technip Expects to Get Contract for Shah Deniz Platform
2. Japan to Invest in Yerevan Power Plant
3. Yerevan Adamant In Delaying Metsamor Closure
4. Armenia Undecided on Closure of Nuclear Plant – Minister
5. With A Visit To Armenia’s Largest Dump, UNDP and The Ministry Of
Nature Protection Launch Environment Week
6. NGO Letter Protests Against Weakening of WB Standards fyi
7. EIA Report of the Project on “Processing of the Sand Deposit in
Khashuri Region” by “Progress-2″ Ltd
8. EIA Report of the Project on ” Project on Capture and Bottling of the
mineral spring in Tbilisi ” by “Progress-2” Ltd
9. The Internet Conference

1. TECHNIP EXPECTS TO GET CONTRACT FOR SHAH DENIZ PLATFORM

Source: Interfax, June 8, 2004

France’s Technip-Coflexip expects to win a contract to build a second
production platform under Stage-2 of the Shah Deniz gas field project,
stated company manager for the project Sterling Marshal.

“We hope to get the contract for the construction of the second
platform, but that all depends on the speed and quality of work on the
first platform. So far the work is on schedule. We expect the first
shipment of blocks for the platform in September from Singapore. All
construction work will be completed in January 2006,” he said.

Technip-Coflexip has signed two contracts worth $300 million under
Stage-1 of the Shah Deniz project. Once contract includes the design of
a TPG-500 offshore platform to be installed at the field, supply of
materials and equipment, the transport and set up of the platform at
sea, and the other is for the assembly of the platforms at a
construction site in Baku.

Keppel Fells is building the platform in Singapore. The platform will be
delivered in sections to Baku for assembly by Technip.

The contract to develop Shah Deniz field was signed in Baku in June 1996
and ratified by parliament in October of that year. BP is the operator
with a 25.5% share in the project, Statoil holds 25.5%, the State Oil
Company of the Azerbaijani Republic (SOCAR) has a 10% share, LukAgip has
a 10% share, NICO holds 10%, TotalFinaElf holds 10%, and Turkey’s TPAO
holds 9%.

The field holds an estimated 625 billion cubic meters of gas and 101
million tonnes of condensate.

Stage-1 includes the production of 178 billion cubic meters of gas and
34 million tonnes of condensate. Production in later stages is planned
at about 16 billion cubic meters of gas a year.

2. JAPAN TO INVEST IN YEREVAN POWER PLANT

Source: Interfax, June 8, 2004

The Japanese government plans to invest $4.5 million in the construction
of a thermal power plant in Yerevan with a capacity of 1.5 megawatts
based on a waste incineration plant, Armenian Natural Resource Minister
Vardan Aivazyan told journalists on Monday.

He said that the ministry has approved the construction of the plant and
thermal power plant at the Nurabshen dump, which covers an area of over
60 hectares. Talks are currently underway between a potential
subcontractor for the project – Japan’s Shimizu – and the Yerevan
Mayor’s Office.

Aivazyan said that the project would involve the use of up to 800 – 900
cubic meters of rubbish per day to produce methane to be used in
electricity production.

The minister said that recently Armenia set an output tariff for
electricity produced from burning biogas of $0.08 per 1 kWh. The
investor is happy with this tariff.

He said that the talks should be completed by September 10, after which
construction should begin.

Diana Arutyunyan, the national coordinator of the project, told Interfax
that the Japanese state company New Energy and Industrial Technology
Organization plans to finance the project.

She said that Shimizu has already completed the first stage of work on
an audit and preparation of a feasibility study. She also said that the
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development is interested in this
project.

Electricity production in Armenia fell 0.29% to 5.5 billion kWh in 2003.

3. YEREVAN ADAMANT IN DELAYING METSAMOR CLOSURE

Source: Radio Free Europe, June 8, 2004

The Armenian government remains determined not to close the Metsamor
nuclear power plant in the near future and reaffirmed this position
during talks with senior officials from the European Union last week,
Industry Minister Karen Chshmaritian said on Tuesday.

Chshmaritian headed a delegation of government officials who represented
Yerevan at a regular meeting of an Armenia-EU “cooperation committee”
which took place in Brussels on Friday. The issue of Metsamor’s future
was high on its agenda. “The European side wants Armenia to set a date
[for Metsamor’s closure],” Chshmaritian told a news conference.
“However, Armenia can not set a date without having financing resources
[to replace the facility] and clarifying the entire procedure for the
closure.”

The EU has long been arguing that the plant is located in a seismically
active area and that its Soviet-built nuclear reactor does not meet
modern safety standards. The bloc’s executive European Commission has
offered to grant Armenia 100 million euros ($123 million) in return for
the decommissioning of the plant which generates about 40 percent of the
country’s electricity.

Chshmaritian reiterated Yerevan’s rejection of the offer, saying that as
much as $1 billion is needed for safely shutting down Metsamor safely
and putting in place an alternative source of inexpensive energy. “The
Energy Ministry presented its calculations [to the EU], according to
which the total cost of the work would be worth that much,” he said. He
added the Armenia-EU body decided to set up a working group that will
look into the issue in detail and present its findings by the end of
this year.

The government wants to keep Metsamor operational for at least another
decade despite its past promise to the EU to decommission the plant in
2004. The European Commission now seems to be stepping up pressure on
Yerevan to do that as soon as possible in line with its policy of
phasing out all Soviet-designed reactors remaining in Eastern Europe.

Still, an EU spokeswoman in Brussels told RFE/RL last week that the bloc
will continue to finance further measures to improve Metsamor’s
operational safety “up to its closure.”

4. ARMENIA UNDECIDED ON CLOSURE OF NUCLEAR PLANT – MINISTER

Source: Mediamax News Agency, June 8, 2004

Armenia will not name the precise date for the closure of the Armenian
Nuclear Power Station until all technical and financial issues are
clarified, Armenian Minister of Trade and Economic Development Karen
Chshmarityan said in Yerevan today.

He said this issue was discussed during the fifth session of the
Armenia-EU cooperation committee in Brussels on 4 June. The minister
stressed that representatives of the European Union expressed their
readiness again to allocate 100m euros to Armenia if a decision is made
to close down the Nuclear Power Station.

Karen Chshmarityan stated that the closure of the Nuclear Power Station
is a complicated process linked to technical difficulties. The minister
pointed out that according to preliminary estimations, 1bn dollars will
be required for providing Armenia with alternative sources of energy.

5. WITH A VISIT TO ARMENIA’S LARGEST DUMP, UNDP AND THE MINISTRY OF
NATURE PROTECTION LAUNCH ENVIRONMENT WEEK

United Nations Development Programme Country Office in Armenia
14, Karl Liebknecht Street, Yerevan 375010, Armenia
Contact: Aramazd Ghalamkaryan
Tel: (374 1) 56 60 73
Fax: (374 1) 54 38 11
E-mail: [email protected]
Web:

UNDP COUNTRY OFFICE IN ARMENIA

June 7, 2004

Yerevan, Armenia

Today, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Ministry
of Nature Protection officially marked World Environment Day by
organizing a media event in the country’s largest waste disposal site in
Nubarashen, near Yerevan. In close cooperation with UN Agencies and
local and international organizations, UNDP and the Ministry of Nature
Protection jointly initiated Environment Week, an advocacy campaign
aimed at raising public awareness on environmental issues. Mr. Vardan
Ayvazyan, Minister of Nature Protection, Ms. Lise Grande, UN Resident
Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative, representatives of the
Government, civil society and the mass media participated in the event.

Nubarashen waste disposal site receives almost all the solid waste
produced in Yerevan city and suburbs. As much as 340 tones per day, or
102,000 tones per year, is deposited in the site. Most of the waste in
Nubarashen is domestically produced by the approximately 1,280,000 who
live in these areas. Industrial waste accounts for only a small
proportion. Large quantities of landfill gas, mainly methane gas, are
produced by the waste and discharged into the atmosphere without being
fully utilized.

According to Ms. Grande: “It is very fortunate that Armenia has achieved
high rates of economic growth in the last decade. At this stage in the
country’s transition, is it critically important to focus on the
environmental aspects of economic growth. The sustainable management of
natural resources and a clean environment are key to the country’s
medium and long-term development. If the environment is destroyed or
damaged, the country will suffer. UNDP is currently one of the major
donors in the area of nature protection and we are confident that our
partnership with Government authorities and the civil society will help
to ensure a healthy environment for a healthy people.”

Background: Armenia has acceded to a number of international treaties
and conventions focused on the environment. UNDP’s National Capacities
Self-Assessment (NCSA) project aims to support the Government in
identifying gaps in meeting the requirements of these global
conventions. The goal of Environment Week, a joint advocacy initiative
of UNDP Armenia and the Ministry of Nature Protection, is to: promote
environmental activities at the community level; raise public awareness
of ongoing initiatives in the area of nature protection; highlight
existing environmental issues; and initiate a public debate on the
linkages between human development and nature protection. Environment
Week also aims to bring together major actors in nature protection and
help find solutions to very urgent and important environmental problems
facing the country and the whole Transcaucasian region.

UNDP is the UN’s global development network. It advocates for change and
connects countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people
build a better life. We are on the ground in 166 countries, working with
them on their own solutions to global and national development
challenges. As they develop local capacity, they draw on the people of
UNDP and our wide range of partners.

Aramazd Ghalamkaryan
Information and Resource Mobilisation Associate/
Support to UN Resident Coordinator
UNDP/UN Armenia
14 Karl Liebknecht St., Yerevan, 375010, Armenia
Tel: +3741 56 60 73 + 121
Mob: +3749 43 63 12
Fax: +3741 54 38 11
URLs: ;

6. NGO LETTER PROTESTS AGAINST WEAKENING OF WB STANDARDS FYI

The following letter was sent to the World Bank’s Board of Directors
today. It protests against the weakening of social and environmental
standards through the Bank’s proposed middle-income country strategy,
and requests that a Mexican pilot project for the new strategy not be
approved as long as there is no agreement about the overall strategy.
The letter was endorsed by 186 NGOs from 60 countries at short notice. A
clear majority of the signatories is from borrowing countries.

Peter Bosshard, IRN

International NGO letter to the World Bank Board of Directors:

International Rivers Network (USA)
Centro de Investigaciones EconÑmicas yPolÌticas de AcciÑn (Mexico)
Manthan Adhyayan Kendra (India)
CEE Bankwatch Network (Georgia)
Kalpavriksh (India)
African Network for Environmental and Economic Justice (Nigeria)

June 7, 2004

International civil society letter regarding the World Bank’s safeguard
policies

International Standards for International Projects

Dear Executive Director,

Civil society groups in the South and North are concerned about proposed
measures that would weaken the social and environmental standards
applied in World Bank projects. The following letter expresses concerns
of 186 organizations from 60 countries. A clear majority of the
signatories are NGOs from borrowing countries.

Our letter responds to the Bank’s proposed new middle-income country
strategy (MIC strategy), and the pilot project in Mexico that has been
submitted to the Board. The MIC strategy proposes that future World Bank
projects in many countries rely on national social and environmental
standards rather than the Bank’s own safeguard policies. The strategy
also proposes that in such projects, the role of the Inspection Panel
will be linked to national standards rather than the Bank’s safeguard
policies. The World Bank argues that these measures would “remove
obstacles to timely quality lending”. (For a detailed critique of the
proposed MIC strategy, see International Rivers Network, The World
Bank’s Safeguard Policies Under Pressure, May 2004, available at:
<;;

Civil society groups express the following concerns regarding the
proposed changes:

§ Compliance with national and World Bank standards: It is self-evident
that all World Bank projects should comply with the national standards
of borrowing countries. We support a strengthening of national social
and environmental standards and capacities. But being an international
institution with a development mandate, the World Bank must also comply
with its own safeguard policies. Ultimately, we believe that all
policies of the World Bank, other international financial institutions
and governments should reflect the international environmental and human
rights standards that governments – i.e., the members of the World Bank
– have established through the framework of the United Nations.
§ Confusion about applicable standards: The World Bank expects national
standards to be ‘equivalent’ to its own safeguard policies. It is not at
all clear what this means in practice. The Bank is currently preparing
the Decentralized Infrastructure Reform and Development Project (DIRD
project) in the state of Guanajuato/Mexico as a first pilot project for
the reliance on national standards. The project would bring about a
significant weakening of applicable standards. Its components may cause
involuntary resettlement. Yet neither Mexico nor the state of Guanajuato
have resettlement laws. The World Bank and the borrower have instead
prepared an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) that is
supposed to reflect the ‘spirit of Bank safeguard policies’. What can
affected communities do if the DIRD project violates the World Bank’s
Resettlement Policy (OP 4.12), but not Mexican laws and the ESMF?
§ Access to information: Several safeguard policies require the World
Bank to provide civil society with timely access to important project
documents. Examples are Environmental Assessments under OP 4.01, and
instruments such as the Resettlement Plans under OP 4.12. It is unclear
where civil society could get access to such documents when future
projects rely on national standards rather than the Bank’s safeguard
policies.
§ Role of the Inspection Panel: In most countries, governments can be
legally and politically held accountable for the projects that they
implement through the judicial system and through elections. The only
mechanism through which affected people can hold the World Bank
accountable is the Inspection Panel. The Panel was created to
investigate the role of the World Bank, and not governments, in projects
that harm local communities. It is questionable whether national
governments would indeed allow their actions to be investigated by an
international body such as the Inspection Panel. The role of the Panel
would be significantly weakened in the proposed Mexico pilot project.
For the Panel to remain effective, it must continue to hold the World
Bank accountable, and its point of reference must continue to be the
World Bank’s safeguard policies, not national standards and procedures.
§ Need for strengthening social and environmental standards: The
experience of affected communities, World Bank evaluations and
Inspection Panel investigations all document that the World Bank’s
safeguard policies must be strengthened and more strictly supervised and
complied with. This has been confirmed by the report of the Extractive
Industries Review. It will also be important to strengthen the role of
the Inspection Panel in the follow-up to its investigations. We welcome
the recommendations of the EIR, and the measures that private banks and
export credit agencies have recently taken to strengthen their own
standards. Many of these standards are still inadequate, and are often
not implemented in practice. The process of strengthening the social and
environmental standards of financial institutions must therefore
continue. It is worrying that the World Bank management intends to
undermine this trend by shying away from complying with international
standards in Bank projects.
§ Administrative burden: The administrative inconsistencies of the
procedures of international financial institutions create an unnecessary
cost and burden for borrowing governments. The MIC strategy does not
resolve this problem. It proposes that national standards be analyzed
and certified regarding their equivalence with World Bank standards.
Subjecting national standards to international certification could
create additional costs and delays. In the case of the Mexico pilot
project, the borrower for example had to prepare, and will need to
comply with, a new Environmental and Social Management Framework, in
addition to national laws and state regulations. While we support an
administrative harmonization of lending procedures, we are opposed to
any ‘harmonization’ process that will weaken social and environmental
standards but will not create any real administrative benefits for
borrowers.

In conclusion, we support a strengthening of national social and
environmental standards and capacities, but will oppose any measures
that will weaken the World Bank’s safeguard policies, and the
accountability of the Bank regarding compliance with these policies. We
strongly recommend that the Board of Directors postpone a discussion of
the Mexico pilot project until it has had the opportunity to discuss a
revised version of the MIC strategy.

The existing safeguard policies have been adopted based on extensive
consultation with international civil society. Any proposed changes that
affect these policies should therefore be made public for meaningful
discussions by civil society before they are presented to the Board of
Directors.

Thank you for your attention to these concerns.

Yours sincerely,

Peter Bosshard, International Rivers Network, USA
Gustavo Castro Soto, Centro de Investigaciones EconÑmicas y PolÌticas de
AcciÑn
Comunitaria (CIEPAC), Mexico
Shripad Dharmadhikary, Manthan Adhyayan Kendra, India
Manana Kochladze, CEE Bankwatch Network, Georgia
Ashish Kothari, Kalpavriksh, India
David Ugulor, African Network for Environmental and Economic Justice
(ANEEJ), Nigeria

cc. James D. Wolfensohn, President, The World Bank

This letter has been endorsed by the following groups and individuals:

Endorsements from national and international NGOs:

Jorge Carpio, Foro de Participacion Ciudadana (FOCO), Argentina
Elba Stancich, Taller Ecologista, Argentina

Kate Walsh, AidWatch, Australia
Paul Bourke, Australia Tibet Council, Australia
Cam Walker, Friends of the Earth Australia

Elfriede Schachner, AGEZ – Arbeitsgemeinschaft
Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, Austria
Hildegard Wipfel, Koordinierungsstelle der Oesterreichischen
Bischofskonferenz fuer internationale Entwicklung und Mission (KOO),
Austria

Zakir Kibria, BanglaPraxis, Bangladesh
Arup Rahee, LOKOJ, Bangladesh

Saskia Ozinga, FERN, Belgium

Elisangela Paim, Amigos da Terra, Friends of the Earth Brazil
Marcus Faro de Castro, Rede Brasil sobre Instituicoes Financeiras
Multilaterais, Brazil
Alcides Faria, Rios Vivos Coalition, Brazil

Petko Kovatchec, Center for Environmental Information and Education
(CEIE), Bulgaria
Anelia Stefanova, Za Zemiata, Bulgaria

Akong Charles Ndika, Global Village Cameroon

Graham Saul, Friends of the Earth Canada
Ian Baird, Global Association for People and Environment, Canada
Michael Bassett, Halifax Initiative, Canada

Juan Pablo Orrego, Alianza AysÈn Reserva de Vida, Chile
Jenia Jofre, CODEFF (Comite Nacional pro Defensa de la Folra y Fauna),
Chile
Peter Hartmann, Comite Ciudadano por la Defensa de Aisen Reserva de
Vida,Chile
Cristian Opaso, Grupo de Accion por el Biobio (GABB), Chile

Yu Xiaogang, Green Watershed, China

Margarita FlÑrez, Instituto Latinoamericano de Servicios Legales (ILSA),
Colombia
Maria Cristina Umbarila, Fundacion Nueva Republica, Colombia
Betsy Mayelis Romaßa BlandÑn, Red Nacional de Mujeres Afrocolombianas
KambirÌ, olombia
MarÌa Elena Unigarro Coral, Taller Abierto Cali, Colombia

Manuel LÑpez & Isaac Rojas, COECOCEIBA – Amigos de la Tierra Costa Rica

Klara Sutlovicova, Center for Transport and Energy, Czech Republic
Pavel Pribyl, Hnuti Duha, Czech Republic

Carlos Zorrilla, DECOIN, Ecuador

Ricardo Navarro, CESTA – Friends of the Earth El Salvador

Peep Mardiste, Friends of the Earth Estonia

Tove Selin, Finnish ECA Reform Campaign, Finland

SÈbastien Fourmy, Agir ici, France
SÈbastien Godinot, Les Amis de la Terre, Friends of the Earth France
Sharon Courtoux, Survie, France
Annie Girard, RÈseau Foi & Justice Afrique-Europe, France

Sophiko Akhobadze, Black Sea EcoAcademy, Georgia
Nino Gujaraidze, Green Alternative, Georgia
Keti Dgebuadze, International Information Center of Social Reforms,
Georgia
Kakha Nadiradze, World Youth Bank Network Georgia

Dorothy-Grace Guerrero, Asienhaus, Germany
Martin Gueck, KAIROS Europa, Germany
Tsewang Norbu, Tibet Initiative Deutschland, Germany
Knud Voecking, Urgewald, Germany
Carole Werner, World Economy, Ecology and Development (WEED), Germany

Richard Koranteng Twum Barimah, Volta Basin Development Foundation,
Ghana
uefa

fifa
Arni Finsson, Iceland Nature Conservation Association, Iceland

Birsingh Sinku, B.I.R.S.A. Human Rights & Training Center, India
Justin Imam, B.I.R.S.A. Mines Monitoring Center, India
Bina Stanis, Chotanagpur Adivasi Sewa Samiti, India
Roy Laifungbam, CORE (Centre for Organisation Research & Education),
India
Ramamurthi Sreedhar, Environics Trust, India
Leo Saldanha, Environment Support Group, India
Bulu Imam, INTACH, India
Alok Agarwal, Jan Sangharsh Morcha, India
Sushil Barla, Jharkhand Mines Area Coordination Committee (JMACC), India

Smitu Kothari, Lokayan, India
Ravi Rebbapragada & Xavier Dias, mines,minerals & PEOPLE, India
Medha Patkar & Chittaroopa Palit, Narmada Bachao Andolan, India
Ajita Susan George, Oman Mahila Samiti, India
Sanjai Bhatt, Pairvi, India
A. Latha, River Research Centre, Chalakudy River Protection Council,
India
Himanshu Thakkar, South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers & People, India
Malavika Vartak, South Asia Regional Programme, Habitat International
Coalition, India
Shanti Sawaiyan, Women & Mining Network, India

Anggara, Bandung Legal Aid Institute, Indonesia
Binny Buchori, International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development
(INFID), Indonesia
Gita Meidita, NADI – Natural Resource And Development Initiatives,
Indonesia
Laura Radiconcini, Amici della Terra, Friends of the Earth Italy
Jaroslava Colajacomo, Reform the World Bank Campaign, Italy
Yoshihito Miyakoshi, A SEED Japan
Ikuko Matsumoto, Friends of the Earth Japan
Yuki Tanabe, JACSES, Japan
Satoru Matsumoto, Mekong Watch, Japan
Kalia Moldogazieva, Tree of Life, Kyrgyz Republic
Alda Ozola, Friends of the Earth Latvia
Saulius Piksrys, Community Atgaja, Lithuania
Ana Golovic, Ecosens, Macedonia
Wong Meng Chuo, IDEAL (Institute for Development of Alternative Living),
Malaysia
Julian Manduca, Moviment ghall-Ambjent, Friends of the Earth Malta

Arturo Morales Tirado, Sociedad Audubon de MÈxico, Guanajuato, MÈxico
Jose Manuel Arias Rodriguez, AsociaciÑn Ecologica Santo TomÀs A.C.,
Mexico
Susana Cruickshank, Equipo Pueblo, Mexico
Rodolfo Chavez Galindo, Frente por los Derechos Economicos
Socio-Ambientales yCulturales de los Pueblos, Mexico
Fernando Melo, Trasparencia Sociedad Civil, Mexico
Anabela Lemos, JustiÃa Ambiental, MoÃambique
Daniel Ribeiro, Livaningo, MoÃambique
Bertchen Kohrs, Earthlife Namibia
Prabin Man Singh, Arun Concerned Group, Nepal
Bed Prakash Bhattarai, Kali Gandaki A Affected Concerned Committee,
Nepal
Arun Kumar Shrestha, National Concerns Society, Nepal
Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ), Nepal
Arjun Dhakal, Nepal Network for Sustaininable Development (NNSD), Nepal
Roy Laifungbam, South Asian Solidarity for Rivers and Peoples (SARP),
Nepal
Gopal Siwakoti ‘Chintan’, Water and Energy Users’ Federation-Nepal
(WAFED), Nepal
Filka Sekulova, A SEED Europe, Netherlands
Johan Frijns, BankTrack, Netherlands
Henneke Brink, Both Ends, Netherlands
Ricardo Navarro & Janneke Bruil, Friends of the Earth International,
Netherlands
Donald Pols, Friends of the Earth Netherlands
Gordon Abiama, Africa Centre for Geoclassical Economics, Nigeria
George-Hill Anthony, Commonwealth of Niger Delta Youths, Nigeria
Uche Igwe, Community Level Environmental Action Network (CLEAN Nigeria),
Nigeria
Aliyu Noma Usman, Dam Communities Coalition, Nigeria
Bassey Ekpenyong, Initiative Development Network (IDN), Nigeria,
Akpan Anthony Johnson, Pan African Vision for the Environment (PAVE),
Nigeria
Chibuzo Ekwekwuo, Public & Private Rights Watch, Nigeria
Mimidoo Achakpa, womens right to education programme education
programme, Nigeria
Tonje Folkestad, FIVAS (Association for International Water and Forest
Studies), Norway
Muhammad Nauman, Creed Alliance, Pakistan
Sarah Siddiqi, Karachi Administration Women Welfare Society (KAWWS),
Pakistan
Damien Ase, Center for Environmental Law and Community Rights/Friends of
the Earth Papua New Guinea
Jorge Urusoff, Coordinadora de Barrios Afectados por la Entidad
Binacional YacyretÀ, Paraguay
ElÌas DÌaz Peßa, Sobrevivencia, Friends of the Earth Paraguay
Carlos Abanto, Asociacion Civil Labor – Amigos de la Tierra Peru
Nilton Deza, Ecovida, Peru
Joan Carling, Cordillera Peoples Alliance, Philippines
Lidy B. Nacpil, Freedom from Debt Coalition, Philippines
Clemente Bautista, Kalikasan-People’s Network for the
Environment,Philippines
Leonor Briones, Social Watch Philippines
Joji Carino, Tebtebba Foundation, Philippines/United Kingdom
Andrzej Gula, Institute for Environmental Tax Reform, Poland
Robert Cyglicki, Polish Green Net, Poland
Piotr Dynowski, Polish-Tibetan Friendship Association, Poland
Renato Roldao, EURONATURA – Centre for Environmental Law and Sustainable
Development, Portugal
Aboubacry Mbodj, Co-ordination for Senegal River Basin (CODESEN),
Senegal
Demba Moussa Dembele, Forum for African Alternatives, Senegal
Rencontre Africaine pour la DÈfense des Droits de l’Homme (RADDHO),
Senegal
Peter Mihok, Center for Environmental Public Advocacy (CEPA), Slovak
Republic
Liane Greeff, Environmental Monitoring Group, South Africa
Philip Owen, Geasphere, South Africa
Gillian Addison, groundwork, South Africa
Rosa Sala, Intermon Oxfam, Spain
Hemantha Withanage, Centre for Environmental Justice, Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Working Group on Trade and IFIs, Sri Lanka
Penny Davies, Diakonia, Sweden
GÆran Ek, Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Sweden
Christine Eberlein, Berne Declaration, Switzerland
Sonja Ribi, Pro Natura – Friends of the Earth Switzerland
Peter Niggli, Swiss Coalition of Development Organizations, Switzerland
Caroline Morel, Swissaid, Switzerland
Benedict Chacha Peter, Foundation HELP, Tanzania
Prasittiporn Kan-onsri (Noi), Community University, Assembly of the
Poor, Thailand
Chana Maung & Carol Ransley, EarthRights International (Southeast Asia),
Thailand
Shalmali Guttal, Focus on the Global South, Thailand/India
Chainarong Sretthachau, Southeast Asia Rivers, Thailand
Sena Adessou, Jeunes Volontaires pour l’Environnement, Togo
Frank Muramuzi, National Association of Professional Environmentalists,
Uganda
O.C Afunaduula, Save Bujagali Crusade, Uganda
Francis Kidega, Uganda Youth Network, Uganda
Hannah Ellis, Friends of the Earth England, Wales & Northern Ireland
Najib Afsar, Anti Mangla Dam Extension Action Committee, United
Kingdom/Jammu Kashmir
Jeff Powell, Bretton Woods Project, United Kingdom
Nicholas Hildyard, Corner House, United Kingdom
Marcus Colchester, Forest Peoples Programme, United Kingdom
Geoff Nettleton, Indigenous Peoples Links, United Kingdom
Richard Harkinson, Minewatch, United Kingdom
Clare Joy, World Development Movement, United Kingdom

Rick Rowden, ActionAid USA
Bruce Jenkins, Bank Information Center, USA
Beverly Bell, Center for Economic Justice, USA
Nancy Alexander, Citizens’ Network on Essential Services, USA
Stephen Hellinger, The Development GAP, USA
Payal Sampat, Earthworks/Mineral Policy Center, USA
Bruce Rich, Environmental Defense, USA
Jon Sohn, Friends of the Earth USA
Paula Palmer, Global Response, USA
Douglas Norlen, Pacific Environment, USA
Wenonah Hauter, Public Citizen, USA
Michael Brune, Rainforest Action Network, USA
Douglas Hellinger, Structural Adjustment Participatory Review
International Network (SAPRIN), USA
Lhadon Thetong, Students for a Free Tibet, USA
Daphne Wysham, Sustainable Energy & Economy Network, USA
Robert Jacobs, Tibet Committee of Fairbanks, USA
Tashi Tsering, Tibet Justice Center, USA
Sonam Wangdu, U.S. Tibet Committee, USA
Mark Dubois, WorldWise, USA

Individual endorsements:

Jeannie Martin, University of Western Sydney, Australia
Geraldo Browne Ribeiro Filho, Brazil
Prof. Jan Andersson, WestfÄlische Wilhelms-UniversitÄt MÝnster, Germany
Susan George, Author and Associate Director, Transnational Institute,
France
Heidi Hawkins, University of Cape Town, South Africa
John Riggs, South Africa
Prof. Angana Chatterji, California Institute of Integral Studies, USA
Prof. Jonathan Fox, University of California, USA
Arif Gamal, USA/Sudan
Rafael Friedmann, USA

7. EIA REPORT OF THE PROJECT ON “PROCESSING OF THE SAND DEPOSIT IN
KHASHURI REGION” BY “PROGRESS-2” LTD

Source: “Sakartvelos Respublica” (“Republic of Georgia”), June 3, 2004

In accordance with the Georgian legislation, “Progress-2″ Ltd. submitted
EIA report to the Ministry of Environment of Georgia to obtain an
environmental permit for the activity of second category – Processing of
the Sand Deposit in Khashuri Region.

EIA report is available at the press-center of the Ministry of
Environment (68, Kostava str., VI floor) and at the Department of
Environmental Permits and State Ecological Expertise (87, Paliashvili
Str., Tel: 25 02 19). Interested stakeholders can analyze the document
and present their comments and considerations until July 27, 2004.

Public hearing will be held on July 27, 2004 at 12:00, at the conference
hall of the Ministry of Environment.

8. EIA REPORT OF THE PROJECT ON ” PROJECT ON CAPTURE AND BOTTLING OF THE
MINERAL SPRING IN TBILISI ” BY “PROGRESS-2” LTD

Source: “Sakartvelos Respublica” (“Republic of Georgia”), June 3, 2004

In accordance with the Georgian legislation, entrepreneur Bagrat
Mezurnishvili – Black Georgia submitted EIA report to the Ministry of
Environment of Georgia to obtain an environmental permit for the
activity of second category – Project on Capture and Bottling of the
Mineral Spring in Tbilisi.

EIA report is available at the press-center of the Ministry of
Environment (68, Kostava str., VI floor) and at the Department of
Environmental Permits and State Ecological Expertise (87, Paliashvili
Str., Tel: 25 02 19). Interested stakeholders can analyze the document
and present their comments and considerations until July 27, 2004.

Public hearing will be held on July 27, 2004 at 12:00, at the conference
hall of the Ministry of Environment.

9. THE INTERNET CONFERENCE

Dear colleague,

As you might know the development of the “Georgian Business Code of
Conduct” within the Business Ethics Program is coming to an end. On June
7 2004, under the same program we started up the web conference on the
topic: “Georgian Business Code of Conduct Implementation” on
The Internet Conference will discuss the issues of
the implementation of Georgian Business Code of Conduct in Georgia. The
program of seminars will be announced for the businesses.

Those organizations and/or individuals who have websites can provide
information support of the web conference. More detailed information you
can find here:
;act=ST&f=7&t=56.
Please note, we have now 32 supporters.

So you and your colleagues can visit the website, register and take part
in the discussions.

With respect,

Tariel Zivzivadze
Business Ethics Program Director – AmCham Georgia
Tel: +995 77 73 79 64; Mail: [email protected]; Web:

—
*******************************************
CENN INFO
Caucasus Environmental NGO Network (CENN)

Tel: ++995 32 92 39 46
Fax: ++995 32 92 39 47
E-mail: [email protected]
URL:

PRESS RELEASE
The National Citizens’ Initiative
75 Yerznkian Street
Yerevan 375033, Armenia
Tel: (+374 – 1) 27.16.00, 27.00.03
Fax: (+374 – 1) 52.48.46
E-mail: [email protected]
Website:

June 3, 2004

National Citizens’ Initiative Examines Armenia’s Road to Democracy

Yerevan — The National Citizens’ Initiative (NCI) today convened
a specialized policy discussion on “Armenia’s Current Phase
of Democratization: The Backdrop of European Integration.” The
assembled policy experts and public figures addressed the specific
characteristics of the Republic and its integration into the European
family of nations, as well as the three-year track record of its
Council of Europe membership and further development prospects.

Raffi Hovannisian, founder of NCI and the Armenian Center for National
and International Studies (ACNIS), greeted the capacity audience
with opening remarks. “Against the background of national interests
and geopolitical transformations, European integration has become
a principal part of Armenia ‘s policy agenda. Given the results of
ACNIS’s recent expert opinion surveys, the integration inclinations
prevalent in Armenian society are viewed largely within the context
of safeguarding the country’s sovereignty and preserving its national
value system,” Hovannisian said.

In a paper on “The Three-Year Track Record of European Integration:
Advance or Retreat?,” parliamentarian Shavarsh Kocharian, who serves
in Armenia’s delegation to the Council of Europe, focused on the fact
that the Armenian public shares the pivotal principles of the Council:
development of democracy, establishment of the rule of law, honoring
of minority rights, maintenance of unique cultural heritage, and other
provisions of the European system of standards which correspond to our
national mindset and historical experience. “We had rather favorable
conditions to integrate into all European institutions, ensuring
advancement in all relevant spheres. Unfortunately, our authorities
and a certain segment of society do not realize the real significance
of the Council of Europe, and thus the last three years have turned
into a period of lost opportunities,” Shavarsh Kocharian held.

Tigran Jrbashian, executive director of the Armenian-European
Policy and Legal Advice Center, delivered an illustrated lecture
on “Armenia in the Conception of ‘Enlarged Europe’: Promises
and Prospects.” European integration paves a way to the future,
he asserted, as the new and wider Europe is aimed at enhancement of
democracy and security of peoples. “Membership in the enlarged Europe,
apart from accounting for serious material support, offers an excellent
chance to partake in common European programs such as cultivation of
socioeconomic policy and close cooperation in the fields of energy,
transport, culture, science and education, and, most importantly,
the refinement of our own institutional values.”

MP Armen Rustamian’s presentation on “Armenia’s Fulfillment of Its
Council of Europe Commitments” did not take place because of his
absence, but the ensuing discussion considered in detail all the
issues flowing from it.

The second session was completely devoted to exchanges of views
and policy recommendations among the public figures and policy
specialists in attendance. Noteworthy were contributions by former
prime minister Khosrov Harutiunian of the Christian Democratic Union;
former ambassador and current Yerevan State University professor
Davit Hovhannisian; Haik Sargsian, dean of the economics faculty of
Yerevan State University; Hrant Khachatrian of the Constitutional
Law Union; Mushegh Lalayan of the Republican Party; Petros Makeyan
of the Democratic Fatherland Party; Levon Zourabian of the Capital
Markets Development Project; Vardan Khachatrian, theology professor
at Yerevan State University; Tamar Gevorgian of the United Labor
Party; law professor Hrair Tovmasian; and many others. The speakers
attached prime importance to democratization within the framework of
European benchmarks, institutional reforms, legislative improvements,
and Armenia’s fulfillment of its Council of Europe commitments.

ACNIS analyst Hovsep Khurshudian closed the seminar with summary
remarks and words of gratitude. “Armenia’s drive toward European
integration is not an end in itself,” he said. “It is based on
Armenia’s own vital interest, and among all else helps to resolve
its security concerns. In this respect, today’s deliberations have
been very useful.”

The National Citizens’ Initiative is a public non-profit association
founded in 2001 by former foreign minister Raffi K. Hovannisian,
his colleagues, and fellow citizens with the purpose of realizing
the rule of law and overall improvements in the state of the state,
society, and public institutions. The National Citizens’ Initiative
is guided by a Coordinating Council, which includes individual
citizens and representatives of various public, scientific,
and educational establishments. Five commissions on Law and State
Administration, Socioeconomic Issues, Foreign Policy, Spiritual and
Cultural Challenges, and the Youth constitute the vehicles for the
Initiative’s work and outreach.

For further information, please call (3741) 27-16-00 or 27-00-03;
fax (3741) 52-48-46; e-mail [email protected]; or visit