Genealogy: Syrian, Lebanese Immigrants Arrived In U.S. In 1870s

GENEALOGY: SYRIAN, LEBANESE IMMIGRANTS ARRIVED IN U.S. IN 1870S
By Tamie Dehler

Terre Haute Tribune Star
August 15, 2009 09:28 pm

Early Syrian and Lebanese immigrants to the United States began
arriving in this country in the 1870s. These people were from
the areas we now call Syria and Lebanon, but the land was then a
part of the Ottoman Empire, and had been ruled by the Turks since
1519. The modern-day nations of Syria and Lebanon had not yet been
created. Within the Ottoman Empire, Greater Syria bordered the eastern
Mediterranean and was made up of parts of modern-day Iraq, Syria,
Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, the Palestinian territories, and part of
southern Turkey. The Mount Lebanon area included primarily the city
of Beirut and surrounding areas.

The immigrants had Turkish passports and most often called themselves
Syrians. Most were Christians. The predominant religious denominations
represented were Marionites, Eastern Orthodox (including Antiochian
Greek Orthodox and Syrian Greek Orthodox), Melkites (Greek Catholics),
Armenians, and other Protestants. A small minority were Muslim. Most
identified more strongly with their religious sect and home village
than with any greater nationality. Going back in time, these
people were descended from the Canaanites (who became known as the
Phoenicians), along with Aramaen Israelite peoples and Arabs. They
spoke and read the Arabic language.

The primary dates for the first wave of Syrian/Lebanese immigration
was between the years of 1870 and 1929. Immigration began in the
1870s, peaked in 1914, declined significantly during World War I,
rose again in the 1920s, and dropped dramatically after 1929, when
the Immigration Quota Act (1929-1965) was passed. Numbers arriving
per year were anywhere from a few hundred to over 9,000 during peak
years. A second, more modern, wave of immigration occurred after
1965. Most of these later immigrants are Muslim.

Most of the early immigrants came over to obtain increased economic
opportunity. Many traveled over on the French Line or the Fabre Line,
leaving the homeland, anchoring at Havre or Marseilles in France,
and then continuing on to New York. The trip took three to six
weeks. Often one family member might come over first, get established,
and then other family members would follow. Although some were farmers,
settling in North and South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, and Washington
state, they settled mostly in urban areas including Utica, NY; Boston,
Lowell, Lawrence, and Springfield, MA; Danbury, CT; Fall River, RI;
Dearborn and Detroit, MI; Toledo, OH; St. Louis, MO; Chicago, IL,
Jacksonville, FL; and New Orleans, LA. By 1924, when the quota system
was enacted, there were 200,000 people of Syrian/Lebanese descent
living in the United States.

The Syrian/Lebanese immigrants were more likely than other groups
to become self-employed and to work as small businessmen-as
tradesmen, merchants, and restaurateurs. Education and family were
highly valued. Despite this, there was some prejudice against the
newcomers. Because of their loyalty to family they tended to be a bit
clannish. That, coupled with their "exotic" form of dress-loose shirts
with vests and knee-length baggy trousers with high boots, capped off
with a fez for the males, and long dresses with embroidered panels
and bodices, tall hats, and long white veils for females-made them
stand out. In 1929 Sen. David Reed of Pennsylvania referred to the
Syrian/Lebanese immigrants as the "trash of the Mediterranean." He
did not know that by the third generation they would become solidly
middle class, with a higher-than-average level of education.

Late Archbishop Nerses Bozabalian Commemorated In Western Diocese

LATE ARCHBISHOP NERSES BOZABALIAN COMMEMORATED IN WESTERN DIOCESE

bishop-nerses-bozabalian-commemorated-in-western-d iocese/?utm_source=newsletterBeta&utm_medium=e mail&utm_content=Title&utm_campaign=News
A ug 14 2009

On August 7, 2009 an event commemorating the legacy of His Eminence
Archbishop Nerses Bozablian was held in Nazareth and Sima Kalaydjian
Hall of Arshag and Eleanor Dickranian Diocesan Complex in Burbank,
California. His Eminence Archbishop Hovnan Derderian, Primate preside
over the event. His Eminence Archbishop Vatche Hovsepian, His Eminence
Archbishop Yeprem Tapagian and a number of Clergy from the greater
Los Angeles area brought their participation to this event.

Master of Ceremonies Ms. Varser Markarian, Secretary of Balian
Society, welcomed the attendees and invited His Eminence Archbishop
Hovnan Derderian to speak on the somber occasion. Rev. Archpriest
Fr. Dr. Zaven Arzoumanian presented a thorough description of the
life of late Archbishop Nerses Bozabalian.

On the morning of June 27, His Eminence Archbishop Nerses Bozabalian
entered his eternal rest. He was one of the senior members of the
Brotherhood of Holy Etchmiadzin and a devoted servant of the Armenian
Holy Apostolic Church. He was 72.

Archbishop Nerses was seriously injured as a result of a robbery attack
committed by an acquaintance on February 18, 2009. The attack occurred
in his home on the grounds of the Mother See. He was hospitalized
in a coma at the Nairi Medical Center. The Archbishop had remained
under the compassionate care of the Medical Center until the time
of his death. The death of the Archbishop was a great loss for the
Armenian Church and her faithful.

http://www.armenianchurchwd.com/late-arch

Armenian Troops Hold ‘Peacekeeping’ Drills

ARMENIAN TROOPS HOLD ‘PEACEKEEPING’ DRILLS

-troops-hold-%e2%80%98peacekeeping%e2%80%99-drills /
Aug 13th, 2009

YEREVAN (RFE/RL)-Hundreds of Armenian troops began on Wednesday
one-week military exercises which officials said are aimed at
testing and improving their ability to participate in international
peacekeeping operations.

Among the 900 or so participants are not only members of a special
peacekeeping brigade of Armenia’s Armed Forces but also army
commandos backed by helicopter gunships. They are simulating military
intervention in clashes between hostile civilian populations in an
imaginary conflict zone.

The scenario of the exercises, conducted at the Marshal Bagramian
military training ground 40 kilometers west of Yerevan, also involves
the setting up of a security "buffer zone" and checkpoints. Defense
Minister Seyran Ohanian was present at the opening of the drills,
the first of their kind ever held in Armenia, along with top army
generals and foreign monitors, including from NATO member states.

."Such war games are aimed at developing our peacekeepers’ practical
skills," Colonel Artur Stepanian, commander of the brigade, was
quoted by Armenian Public Radio as saying. "Their capabilities,
knowledge and potential are being tested in practice."

Stepanian said that is necessary for Armenia’s continued participation
in Western-led peacekeeping missions in Kosovo and other "hot
spots." Yerevan doubled the number of Armenian soldiers serving in
Kosovo to 70 before withdrawing its similarly small military contingent
from Iraq last year.

It is also expected to send troops to Afghanistan in the months
ahead. The Associated Press news agency quoted unnamed officials in
Yerevan as saying last month that they will comprise munitions experts
and communication officers and serve there under German command.

The Armenian peacekeeping unit was set up in 2001 with financial and
technical assistance provided by the United States and other NATO
member states. The U.S. military alone has supplied it with at least
$6 million worth of equipment.

The volunteer unit currently consists of two battalions, one of them
formed in 2008. It is due to become a full-fledged army brigade by
2015 in accordance with Armenia’s Individual Partnership Action Plan
with NATO.

http://www.asbarez.com/2009/08/13/armenian

ArmentTel To Provide Internet Communication During The 5th FIDE Gran

ARMENTTEL TO PROVIDE INTERNET COMMUNICATION DURING THE 5TH FIDE GRAND PRIX IN JERMUK.

ArmInfo
2009-08-12 17:18:00

ArmInfo. ArmentTel CJSC (Beeline brand) will provide Internet
communication during the 5th FIDE Grand Prix in Jermuk,
Armenia. Additional telecommunication equipment for Internet access
was installed in Jermuk within the shortest period of time especially
for the tournament and reckoning will all the requirements of the
tournament organizers. This will provide funs with an opportunity
to follow the tournament in real time at the official website of the
World Chess Federation.

"FIDE Grand Prix is a serious event in the sport life of any country.

ArmenTel Company is the single telecommunication operator in Armenia,
which means that we are the only company to provide high- quality
Internet communication in Jermuk necessary for such prestigious
international tournament," says Igor Klimko, ArmenTel Director General.

The 5th FIDE Grand Prix in Jermuk started on August 8 and will
continue till August 23. It is dedicated to the 80th anniversary
of the 9th world champion Tigran Petrosyan. Fourteen grandmasters
including Armenian chess players Levon Aronian and Vladimir Hakobyan
will fight for FIDE Grand Prix.

Has Russia Finally Put Up With Competition In Caucasus?

HAS RUSSIA FINALLY PUT UP WITH COMPETITION IN CAUCASUS?

/PanARMENIAN.Net/
11.08.2009 21:57 GMT+04:00

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ Nabucco project or the South Steam agreement
signed between Russia and Turkey does not in any way influence
regional situation, "Heritage" faction MP Stepan Safaryan told a
news conference in Yerevan. Last year, Russia negatively reacted to
all project circumventing its interests and did its best to prevent
their implementation. The only exception was Nabucco, he said.

Nabucco agreement, according to Safaryan, seriously affected Russia’s
interests in Caucasus, hence the country’s primary task was to start
the second stage of Russian-Georgian war or provoke a new conflict
related to Karabakh in order to block project implementation process.

Touching upon Russian premier Vladimir Putin’s recent statement
on Nabucco’s being a competitive project for Moscow, Armenian
parliamentarian found it strange and proposed that Russia finally
put up with competition in Caucasus.

Commenting upon official Baku’s statement that Azerbaijan will
coerce Armenia into peace, Safaryan said, "Such statement is a kind
of probing to which Armenia should not react."

Arto Tunchboyajian And Armenian Navy Band To Perform In The Armenia’

ARTO TUNCHBOYAJIAN AND ARMENIAN NAVY BAND TO PERFORM IN THE ARMENIA’S NATIONAL ASSEMBLY PARK

/PanARMENIAN.Net/
11.08.2009 19:02 GMT+04:00

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ The gates of the RA National Assembly’s park will
open to organize a concert of Arto Tunchboyajian and Armenian Navy
Band on August 14. The concert of famous musicians will take place in
the framework of the "Open door National Assembly" traditional program.

Arto Tunchboyajian established Armenian Navy Band in late
nineties. Music created and performed by Arto Tunchboyajian and
Armenian Navy Band absorbed elements of Armenian and Eastern music,
various musical trends and dominated by the spirit of jazz.

Preserving The Culture And Faith With Butter

PRESERVING THE CULTURE AND FAITH WITH BUTTER
by Lynette Kalsnes

Chicago Public Radio
Monday, August 10, 2009

An estimated 35,000 Armenians live in the Chicago area. They’ve
survived a massacre and a trek to a new land, and kept their culture
and religion strong. But now older Armenians worry these things
can’t compete against the demands of jobs and children. Some women
on Chicago’s far West Side are employing a secret weapon to bring
church and culture to the next generation – butter.

NAT OF BAKING

Seven women stand over long tables in the church basement. They
carefully layer a pound and a half of filo on a baking sheet, and
brush each piece with clarified butter. They slather on a mixture of
cheese, milk and eggs. And then, says Silva Karachorlu, more filo.

KARACHORLU: It becomes very delicious after it’s cooked at 350
degrees. People wait for this, and if we are a little bit late,
they give us very, very funny looks. (Laughs.) They’re baking
for the annual St. Gregory the Illuminator Armenian Church picnic,
just like they’ve done for decades. The pastries are so celebrated,
they’ve earned a spread in "Saveur" magazine.

The ladies will make more than 5,000 baked goods, nearly all of it
by hand. They’ve been doing this together so long, they’re like family.

KARACHORLU: There was a time we used to talk about our children when
they were in grammar school, high school, college, now we talk about
what medications we are taking. (Laughs.) Most of the women are in
their 70s now. There are no young faces here today to learn these
ancient techniques. The ladies wonder who will take over when they’re
gone or too tired to keep doing it.

The sweets table at the picnic is essential. It raises a nice chunk
of the church’s budget. And it helps spread the faith – and Armenian
culture – to the next generation.

Helene Babikian oversees the baking.

BABIKIAN: It might fade away after awhile because who’s going to do
it? The young ones are working, and they don’t want to be bothered. I
hope it doesn’t go by the wayside.

It’s not just that some of these baking methods date back
centuries. Food is essential to Armenian culture.

JEBEJIAN: It’s said often that kitchens are Armenian living rooms. Lots
of Armenians have living rooms. I don’t know many that actually
use them.

Father Aren Jebejian is the pastor at St. Gregory’s. He says food is
what holds the culture and religion together by creating fellowship.

JEBEJIAN: You can’t sit down at an Armenian meal and gobble it up
and walk away. To sit down at an Armenian table means you have to put
aside a few hours. That means you have to sit, you have to talk face
to face, there’s no texting, no Twitter. It’s very important for us
for the fabric of the Armenian people.

Surviving what the Armenians call the Genocide made keeping traditions
even more important. Between 1915 and 1923, more than a million
Armenians were killed under Ottoman Turk rule. The modern-day Turkish
government disputes the term genocide. It says both Armenians and
Turks died in the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.

BABIKIAN: Most of us don’t know grandma, grandpa, either side of
our family.

Helene Babikian lost many family members during that time
period. Here’s what she says happened when the Turks came to her
grandfather’s house: BABIKIAN: They lined up all his sons, I think
he had five sons, I had five uncles, and they brought my grandfather,
stood him there, and they shot his children in front of them.

JEBEJIAN: In the back of all my parishioners’ minds is the genocide.

Father Jebejian: JEBEJIAN:When they get down, when times are tough,
they remember that people sacrificed, that people endured a tremendous
amount of oppression so that we today could be a Christian nation
and carry on our culture.

But despite this history that’s both painful and rich, there are
things that pull young people away from the church. The pastor says
the church was too slow in adapting to the modern world.

JEBEJIAN: This is a sad reality that we had clergy here that were not
reaching out necessarily, clergy who only knew Armenian and couldn’t
really connect with a younger generation. And because of that, we
lost two generations of young people.

Now Armenian priests are trained to help with premarital counseling,
drug abuse and death and dying. And the gospel is read in both Armenian
and English, not just ancient Armenian.

JEBEJIAN: I would hope if they would someday come back to the flock,
we are fully equipped to take care of them and shepherd them.

The baking ladies are trying to bring people back to church ….by
reaching them through their stomachs.

Every few years, they teach a class through the city’s ethnic cooking
series, World Kitchen.

NAT OF CLASS When they did it last, they caught the attention of
Michael Kalagian.

KALAGIAN: Related to anyone in Racine, Wisconsin? Maybe, I know there
are a lot of Kalagians around.

He’s a young man with an Irish mother and Armenian father.

KALGIAN: When you’re growing up, you’re trying to fit in with your
friends and just be popular. You don’t want to explore those things
that make you different.

As he’s gotten older, he’s realized that it’s his ethnicity that
makes him unique.

KALAGIAN: My grandmother tried to teach me some Armenian, but I was
just too young. I couldn’t fully appreciate the culture back then. I
wish she was alive now because I’d be a lot more appreciative of how
special it is. I rely on things like this to put me in touch with my
cultural heritage.

The ladies show him how to gently drape thin sheets of filo to create
a huge pan of baklava.

KALAGIAN: Heart attack waiting to happen, but it tastes to so good
when we’re done. I’ll be an expert at painting by the time I’m done
putting all this butter on. Butter, butter, butter, the staple of
the Armenian diet.

DOROTHY KORESIAN: Oh my God, everything we have clogs our arteries.

Kalagian jokes he’d better get his cholesterol checked. One of the
ladies tells him to have a glass of red wine, and he’ll be fine.

By the end of the session, Kalagian’s considering a language class. But
as excited as he is, he’s just one guy.

Church ladies like Dorothy Koresian still worry the young Armenians
won’t step in when the bakers retire.

Koresian: That is wishful thinking. I’m all for it, but they could care
less. The point is, it’s dedication, and the young adults today do not
have the dedication, as simple as that. If I’m lying, God strike me.

But Silva Karachorlu is more optimistic.

KARACHORLU: There are always some who come forward to learn, and they
will continue.

And her optimism is born out, when it comes time to make 200 dozen
Armenian pizzas, or Lahmajoun.

NAT: Come on girls, let’s go Twenty people show up to cut up pieces
of dough and roll it into balls. There are some younger faces, too.

NAT: Margie, teach Diane.

One of them is 29-year-old Dana Miller. Like many Armenians,
Miller learned some specialties at home from her mother and
grandmother. After college, she decided to start baking with the
church ladies occasionally, too.

MILLER: You come in and sit down, and the more interest you show,
the more often you come by, the secrets are let in. You slowly get
to learn things and try things.

Her work schedule doesn’t let her get here as often as she’d like. She
says that’s the challenge for people her age. Still, she’s sure
her generation will respond when the church ladies finally decide
to retire.

MILLER: When it becomes a necessity, I do think people will step
up and get involved. Armenian people are not the kind to let things
fizzle away.

Miller says it’s when she got married that she started feeling even
closer to the church. Now, she and her husband run the kitchen and
silent auction during the picnic. And she figures when they have kids,
they’ll be even more involved than they are now.

Lynette Kalsnes, WBEZ.

NOTE: The picnic at St. Gregory the Illuminator Armenian Church,
6700 W. Diversey, is this weekend. It runs from 5-10 p.m. Saturday,
and noon to 8 p.m. on Sunday. The festival features pastries and
other Armenian foods, as well as live music, and children’s activities.

Agarak Combine Works

AGARAK COMBINE WORKS

Lragir.am
p?id=lrahos||economy&pid=14887
15:22:59 – 10/08/2009

On June 30 Agarak Copper-Molybdenum Combine resumed operation
activities. Presently the Combine employs 900 employees. GeoProMining
Company monthly payment of wages is regulated.

Presently an anti-crisis program is underway, which aims at reduction
of prime cost and increase of competitive capacity of production. The
program suggests a systematized approach, including capital investments
with the goal to modernize production and raise qualification of
employees, as well as make changes in organizational structure.

It is important to mention that in relation to economic crisis,
operation of the Combine was temporarily stopped. From the moment
of its stoppage, in February of 2009, 500 employees continued
repair-reconstruction activity, being paid their full wages, 400
people were on involuntary idleness leave, and received two thirds
of the amount of their wages, the press office of the combine informs.

GeoProMining Group is specialized in mining and ore-dressing of
complex ore (copper, molybdenum, antimon) and precious metals (gold,
silver). GeoProMining Group has a diversified production structure and
markets. The mines and processing plants of the Company are located
in Armenia, Georgia, Russia.

http://www.lragir.am/src/index.ph

Each 5th Inhabitant Of Europe Will Be A Muslim By 2050

EACH 5TH INHABITANT OF EUROPE WILL BE A MUSLIM BY 2050

/PanARMENIAN.Net/
10.08.2009 15:24 GMT+04:00

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ By 2050, each 5th inhabitant of Europe will be a
Muslim, experts of US Migration Policy Institute find.

Muslim population in European states currently makes up 5%. By
2050, that number will increase to 20%, with Great Britain, Spain
and Netherlands having more than 20% of Muslims residing in their
countries.

Such predictions are accounted for by low birth rate among the native
in EU member states vs. the high birth rate in the families of Muslim
emigrants Besides, according to recent estimations, around 2 million
people annually arrive in EU member states for obtaining right to
permanent residence, with most of them being from Muslim countries.

The new problem is characterized by specialists as "demographic time
bomb," The Daily Mail British newspaper reports.

U.S. Karabakh Envoy Again Visits Armenia

U.S. KARABAKH ENVOY AGAIN VISITS ARMENIA
Emil Danielyan, Ruben Meloyan

Armenialiberty.org
http://www.azatutyun.a m/content/article/1794987.html
Aug 7 2009

Washington’s top Nagorno-Karabakh negotiator insisted Friday that
Armenia and Azerbaijan remain "very close" to ending their long-running
territorial dispute as he began a fresh tour of the region aimed at
keeping up the momentum in the peace process.

Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Matthew Bryza met President Serzh
Sarkisian to discuss ways of overcoming the conflicting parties’
remaining disagreements over a framework peace accord drafted by the
U.S., Russian and French co-chairs of the Minsk Group. Sarkisian’s
office released no details of the meeting.

Sarkisian and his Azerbaijani counterpart, Ilham Aliyev, apparently
failed to bridge their differences during their most recent talks held
in Moscow on July 17-18. The mediators hope that the two leaders will
achieve a breakthrough at their next meeting due in October.

"There was no formal agreement [at Moscow,] but they are very close,"
Bryza said, speaking at a youth forum held in the Armenian resort town
of Tsaghkadzor later in the day. He expressed hope that "we will be
at the point of this agreement on the last few elements of the basic
principles that remain not yet agreed" after the co-chairs visit the
conflict zone in late September.

Bryza and the two other Minsk Group co-chairs met in Krakow, Poland
late last month to prepare what they call an "updated version" of their
proposed basic principles of a Karabakh settlement. The U.S. official
said their consultations were based "what the presidents discussed
in Moscow and what they told us co-chairs after their meeting."

Bryza did not elaborate on the changes made in the mediators’
peace plan. But he did hint that it continues to uphold the Karabakh
Armenians’ right to legitimize their secession from Azerbaijan in a
future referendum.

"What I can not tell you today is when the final legal status of
Nagorno-Karabakh will be determined through a vote," Bryza said. "But
you did not hear me say that Nagorno-Karabakh will be returned to
Azerbaijan.

"I never said that. I just said that the interim status will be
determined now and the final legal status will be determined by the
people of Karabakh."