ASBAREZ Online [09-19-2005]

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09/19/2005
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1) EU Approves Turkey Declaration
2) Turk Politician Again Charged in Switzerland for Denying Armenian Genocide
3) Turkey Slights Passage of Armenian Genocide Resolutions
4) Baroness Caroline Cox Awarded ‘Mkhitar Gosh’ Medal
5) ARF at Women’s Socialist International Conference
6) Computer Science and Information Technology Conference in Yerevan

1) EU Approves Turkey Declaration

(Bloomberg)–European Union governments resolved differences over Turkey’s
refusal to recognize Cyprus, keeping alive plans to start Turkish membership
talks on Oct. 3.
Representatives from the EU’s 25 nations approved a common response to
Turkey’s diplomatic boycott of Cyprus, which joined the bloc last year. The
dispute distracted EU attention from a negotiating plan for Turkey that needs
the backing of all member nations.
The declaration urges Turkey to ensure free trade with Cyprus while moving
toward normal political ties “as soon as possible,” according to a copy
released today in Brussels by the British government, current holder of the
EU’s rotating presidency. The bloc will review progress in 2006, the statement
said.
The Turkish government in July said its signature of a protocol extending a
European trade accord to Cyprus didn’t amount to recognizing the Mediterranean
island, whose northern tier Turkey has occupied since 1974. Signing the
protocol was a condition the EU set in December for starting decade-long
membership talks.
“Turkey must apply the protocol fully to all EU member states,” the statement
said. “Recognition of all member states is a necessary component of the
accession process. Accordingly, the EU underlines the importance it
attaches to
the normalization of relations between Turkey and all EU member states, as
soon
as possible.”
Cyprus joined the EU without the Turkish-speaking north because voters in the
Greek-speaking southern republic rejected a United Nations-backed unification
plan.

CYPRUS PROBLEM

The declaration said EU member states support UN efforts to reach a
“comprehensive settlement of the Cyprus problem” and will review this issue
and
Turkey’s respect for the trade pact in 2006.
Monday’s accord follows four failed attempts this month to agree on the
wording of the declaration. EU ministers are due to endorse it in routine
procedure tomorrow, Jonathan Allen, a British government spokesman, said by
telephone in Brussels.
The dispute interfered with EU preparations for entry negotiations with
Turkey. European governments still must approve a plan covering 35 areas from
customs and public procurement to energy and fisheries where Turkey would have
to meet the bloc’s regulatory standards.
Turkey, a nation of 72 million people, is counting on the accession talks to
attract record foreign investment to its $300 billion economy. It would be one
of the two most populous EU nations along with Germany, and become the bloc’s
first mainly Muslim member as well as widen the EU’s borders to Iraq.
This prospect has some politicians in nations including France and Germany
urging nothing more than a “privileged partnership.” The demand may complicate
approval of the negotiating plan, which EU diplomats are due to discuss on
Sept. 21.
The European Commission, the EU’s executive arm in Brussels, pressed last
week
for the start of membership talks with Turkey.
Enlargement Commissioner Olli Rehn said national governments would have
dozens
of veto chances later and entry negotiations would encourage a settlement of
the Cyprus problem as well as economic reforms in Turkey.

2) Turk Politician Again Charged in Switzerland for Denying Armenian Genocide

(AP)–Swiss authorities brought a third charge against a Turkish politician
for
breaking Switzerland’s racial discrimination laws by denying that the killings
of Armenians around the time of World War I was a genocide, police said
Monday.

Dogu Perincek, the leader of the Turkey’s Workers’ Party, made the remarks
Sunday in a speech in central Switzerland, Bern cantonal police said in a
statement. He already had been charged twice by Swiss authorities for two
previous, similar incidents.
Denying that the Holocaust or other cases of genocide took place is regarded
as racial discrimination under Swiss law, and can be punished by up to three
years in prison and an unspecified fine.
“Based on the fact that, in the course of his address, Dogu Perincek denied
the Armenian genocide and expressed prejudices against the western world, the
Bern cantonal police have put down a complaint because of suspicion of racial
discrimination,” the police statement said.
Perincek will be questioned Tuesday by police in neighboring Vaud canton,
where he is already under investigation for similar remarks made in May, Bern
police spokeswoman Anastasia Falkner said. Swiss authorities launched a second
investigation into Perincek in July for making similar remarks in northern
Switzerland, and Perincek was briefly detained after that speech. Turkey
called
the Swiss ambassador to the Foreign Ministry to protest Perincek’s detention
and investigation.
Similar disputes have erupted in the past between Turkey and Switzerland. In
June, a Turkish Cabinet minister postponed a visit to Switzerland to
protest an
investigation of a Turkish historian who denied in a separate speech that the
killings were genocide. In July, Turkey canceled a proposed visit by Swiss
Economics Minister Joseph Deiss because of “schedule clashes,” Deiss’s
spokesman said.

3) Turkey Slights Passage of Armenian Genocide Resolutions

Turkey’s Foreign Ministry said Friday it “greeted with sadness” the passage by
a US congressional committee of two resolutions that denounce the deaths of
Armenians early last century as genocide, and hoped US legislators would not
allow the resolutions out of committee.
“In the period ahead, we believe that members of the US Congress will act
with
a responsibility befitting the Turkish-American relationship, and strongly
hope
that the resolutions will stay in the committee and not be carried to the
floor,” the statement said.
Turkey’s response came after September 15 when the House International
Relations Committee voted in favor of two measures calling for proper US
recognition of the Armenian Genocide and urging Turkey to end its decades long
denial of this crime against humanity.
HRes316, which was introduced by Representatives George Radanovich (R-CA),
Adam Schiff (D-CA), and Congressional Armenian Caucus Co-Chairs Frank Pallone
(D-NJ) and Joe Knollenberg (R-MI), calls upon the President to ensure US
foreign policy reflects appropriate understanding of the Armenian Genocide,
while HConRes195 calls on Turkey to abandon its ongoing campaign of Armenian
Genocide denial and to work with Armenia to come to terms with its tragic
history.
Representative Knollenberg commented that “this legislation will show the
world that America is not going to forget this horrible crime. The victims of
the Genocide and their families deserve to have the crime recognized for the
atrocity that it was. The committee’s action today–and hopefully the approval
of the full House soon–will help make sure that this terrible offense is
never
forgotten.”

4) Baroness Caroline Cox Awarded ‘Mkhitar Gosh’ Medal

YEREVAN (Arka)Armenian President Robert Kocharian awarded Baroness Caroline
Cox
his country’s “Mkitar Gosh” Medal for her efforts in developing
Armenian-British relations, and for her humanitarian undertakings,
specifically
her consistent work in Mountainous Karabagh Republic.
Cox, who has served as the Deputy Speaker of House of Lords of British
Parliament since 1985, has visited Karabagh 60 times since 1989. Her most
recent visit just this month was a pilgrimage there with a delegation that
included 20 representatives from various Christian organizations throughout
Great Britain.
Karabagh Parliament Speaker Ashot Ghulian recently praised Baroness Cox,
saying that she “had always been with the people of Karabagh–during the
hardest war, during heavy post-war years, and today.”
In a 1997 article in “Contemporary Review,” Baroness Cox wrote: “The
Armenians
of Karabakh can never again submit to Azeri sovereignty, given all they have
suffered at the hands of Azerbaijan. They will fight to the death to preserve
their freedom and their historic land… One option is quite definitely not
open;
namely, any attempt to declare Nagorno Karabakh to be part of Azerbaijan. That
would be to reward those who indulged in aggression and invasion of a
neighboring independent state, as well as to cause gross violations of human
rights in total defiance of treaty obligations .We should remember the
statement made by President Elchibey in June 1992, when, after opening full
hostilities against Karabakh, he said that if there were any Armenians left in
Karabakh by October they could hang him in the central square of Baku. It is a
pity they did not! No amount of oil-lubricated waffle or diplomatic flannel in
the West can excuse this clear statement of intent by a head of state. It has
the underlying unequivocal ring of statements made by Genghis Khan, and we all
know what his intentions were.”
The Baroness is a consistent defender of human rights in the House of Lords,
primarily involved in helping people in Myanmar, Sudan, Indonesia and
Mountainous Karabagh Republic.

5) ARF at Women’s Socialist International Conference

LIMASSOL(CNA/Yerkir)–A regional conference “Women for Peace” was organized in
Limassol, Cyprus on September 18 by the Women’s Socialist International.
Representatives from 25 Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, and South Caucasus
countries attend the conference. Armenia was represented by Armenian
Revolutionary Federation member Maria Titizian.
Prospects for a Cyprus settlement and the role of Cypriot women, the
situation
in the Middle East, and women’s role in political, economic, and social
development were discussed.
Speaking at the conference, Pia Locateli, Women’s Socialist International
President and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) said the
participation of
Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot women at the conference was a particularly
important step. She noted the participation of women from Palestine and Israel
at the conference
Regarding the Cyprus problem, she said the the referendum on the Annan
plan in
April 2004 proved that people did not trust this plan for a Cyprus settlement.
“People must feel safe and we must try to create the preconditions for this
human security,” she said.
Keynote speakers included Marcia Alexaki, SIW Vice-President and member of
the
Movement of Social Democrats EDEK, and Mirjana Feric-Vac from Croatia, and
Wafa
Abed, president of the Union of Progressive Women in Lebanon.

6) Computer Science and Information Technology Conference in Yerevan

YEREVAN (ARKA/CSIT)The fifth international computer sciences and information
technology conference kicked off in Armenia on September 19. According to the
Vice-President of Armenia’s National Academy of Sciences (NAS), Yuri
Shukuryan,
the conference will promote the exchange of information and help establish
contacts between scientists and information technology specialists.
The first such conference in 1997, explained Shukuryan, helped Armenia to
advance significantly in the IT sector, with the introduction of an
experimental high productive system.
“After the first conference we did a lot, and we learn from our colleagues,
that include well-known scientists,” he said.
Participants this year include representatives from the Scientific and
Research Institute of Informatics of Tuluza, Institute of High Productive
Computing and Database of Saint Petersburg, Institute of System Programming
and
Computing Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ukrainian Institute of
Cybernetics, Tehran University and of other scientific institutions
participate
in the conference.
The conference is organized with the support of the International
Scientific-Technical Center, National Fund of Sciences and Advanced
Technologies, Incubator Enterprises Foundation, Arminco Company, Unicomp,
Haylin, and others.
Participants include over 35 specialists from 12 countries including the US,
Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, France, India and Iran.
This year’s conference features 135 reports, including 40 from young
Armenians. Theoretical research is based on what is currently being developed
in Armenia, and serves as the basis for applied work: theory of algorithms,
machines and mathematical logic, discrete math and theory of combinations,
artificial intellect, recognition of samples and processing of images, theory
of information and coding.
Special attention is paid to the development of a high productive system for
scientific calculations in Armenia, based on “Armclaster,” a highly productive
computing system developed by the International Scientific and Technical
Center
of IPIA, and its software development based on theoretical research and
technology of parallel programming.

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TBILISI: US Aid Aimed At Preventing Gas Pipeline Privatization -Geor

US AID AIMED AT PREVENTING GAS PIPELINE PRIVATIZATION – GEORGIAN TV

Rustavi-2 TV, Tbilisi
13 Sep 05

[Presenter] In New York today an agreement was signed with the
Millennium Challenge Corporation, as a result of which Georgia will
receive 295m dollars. Of this, 44m dollars will be for repairing the
[Russia-Georgia-Armenia] gas trunk pipeline . The only condition is
that this strategically important asset is not sold. Davit Nikuradze
joins us live from New York. Dato, why is the gas pipeline attracting
such attention in Washington? Usually, the White House is not so
openly categorical.

[Correspondent] America’s interest is simple to understand. They do
not want eastern European countries to be dependent on the Russian
Federation. The USA has been opposed to the privatization of the trunk
gas pipeline ever since State Minister Kakha Bendukidze put the idea
to the Georgian government. The USA believes that the privatization
of the trunk gas pipeline would result in Georgia losing its energy
independence. It is also linked to the Sah Daniz and Ceyhan projects,
in which the Americans have a major interest.

Recently, this has been the most sensitive issue in Georgian-American
relations.

After the meeting in New York, you could say that the privatization
of the gas pipeline is off the agenda for the time being, but only
time will tell if it is forever.

[Passage omitted]

Sixth Session Of Armenian Parliament Of Third Convocation Underway

SIXTH SESSION OF ARMENIAN PARLIAMENT OF THIRD CONVOCATION UNDERWAY

YEREVAN, SEPTEMBER 12. ARMINFO. A regular 6th session of the Armenian
Parliament of the third convocation has started with the state hymn
of Armenia today.

In his speech, Parliamentary Speaker Arthur Baghdasaryan said the
agenda consists of some 90 bills and international agreements. The
bill on VAT and others will be discussed in a special regime.

Representatives of the opposition, that earlier boycotted the session,
participate in it. Moreover, Leader of the National Unity opposition
party and its parliamentary faction Artashes Geghamyan warned to demand
deprivation of the accreditation of pro- governmental Mass Media in
case of a biased coverage of the opposition’s work in the parliament.

Local Self-Government Election – Not A Priority

LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT ELECTION – NOT A PRIORITY
Diana Markosyan

A1+
| 18:33:38 | 10-09-2005 | Politics |

Two wings of the parliamentary opposition will not take part in
election to the local self-government. Justice bloc will take a
passive part to suuport its candidates while the National Unity will
press for fair and transparent election.

Justice faction secretary Victor Dallakyan conditioned the passiveness
of the party by the passiveness of the nation. “The main goal of
the opposition in to establish the legal power, while the people
pay special attention to presidential or parliamentary election
only. To our remark that the occupation of the posts in the local
self-government by opposition members V. Dallakyan reminded of the law
“On the local self-government” according to which the authorities
are free to dismiss any community head. “It does not mean that the
opposition will fully refrain form participation in the election. Our
party will nominate its candidates and we will support them”, he noted.

Over the passiveness of the opposition the authorities use the local
self-government bodies as an instrument and the system is politicized
as an administrative instrument for electoral falsifications as it was
during the presidential and parliamentary election in 2003. “Democracy
is based upon two main principles: the formation of powers via fair
elections and the rule of law”, V. Dallakyan noted.

National Unity faction secretary Alexan Karapetyan informed that they
will not take part in the election/ “The incumbent leadership distorted
the notion of election thus the participation in such election can
easily cause a military collision. It is inadmissible for our party.”

California Courier Online, September 15, 2005

California Courier Online, September 15, 2005

1 – Commentary
L.A. Times Retracts its Reference
To “Alleged Slaying of Armenians

By Harut Sassounian
Publisher, The Califorrnia Courier

2 – Federal Court Upholds Citizenship for
Armenians in Turkish Consulate Plot
3- Armenian Church Convenes Meeting to Study
Sainthood for Victims of Armenian Genocide
4 – USC Friends of Armenian Music
Honor Mills at Oct. 2 Luncheon
5 – Catholicos Aram I Will Address
L.A. World Affairs Council, Oct. 14
6 – Deadline for Entries to CSUF 7th Annual
Armenian Film Festival Set for Jan. 15, 2006
7 – NorCal Home Hosts
Bay Area Health Faire
8 – Montebello-Stepanakert Sister City
Inaugural Reception Set for Sept. 25
*************************************************************************
1 – Commentary
L.A. Times Retracts its Reference
To “Alleged Slaying of Armenians”

By Harut Sassounian
Publisher, The California Courier

The Los Angeles Times published a lengthy article on Sept. 1 on the
indictment by a Turkish court of Orhan Pamuk, Turkey’s most famous writer,
for telling the Swiss newspaper Tagesanzeiger in an interview published on
February 6: “30,000 Kurds and 1 million Armenians were killed in these
lands and nobody but me dares to talk about it.”
The L.A. Times reported that “Pamuk will go on trial in December and could
face three years in prison under the country’s revised penal code, which
deems denigrating Turks and Turkey a punishable offense.”
The article was written by Amberin Zaman, the Times’ stringer in Ankara,
who had to be extra careful how she referred to the Armenian Genocide.
Otherwise, she too could end up getting indicted under the draconian
Turkish Penal Code that was adopted in June, just months prior to the
scheduled start of talks on Turkey’s bid for European Union membership.
Correspondent Zaman, in her article, cautiously referred to the Armenian
Genocide, as “the mass deaths of Armenians during and after World War I.”
She also wrote: “Turkey has long denied that more than 1 million members of
its once thriving Armenian community were the victims of systematic
annihilation between 1915 and 1923. Armenians and many others label the
campaign genocide.”
While Amberin Zaman did her best to toe a fine line between the Los Angeles
Times editorial policy of referring to the Armenian mass murders as
genocide and the Turkish laws prohibiting such a qualification, someone at
the copy desk of the L.A. Times, when writing the subheadline for the
article, ended up calling the Armenian Genocide the “alleged slaying of
Armenians.”
How could the Armenian Genocide be so distorted and belittled that it be
characterized as an “alleged slaying?” This was such an outrageous
departure from the editorial policy of the L.A. Times that all it took was
a simple phone call to the paper’s copy editor to recognize the error.
On page 2 of its September 11 issue, under the rubric, “For the Record,”
the L.A. Times recognized and retracted its error. It wrote: “The
subheadline on a Sept. 1 article in Section A about a Turkish author
accused of denigrating his country referred to Turkey’s ‘alleged slaying of
Armenians.’ It should not have been qualified with the word ‘alleged’ in
reference to the slayings of Armenians during and after World War I.”
Even though this retraction leaves a lot to be desired, it was nevertheless
an attempt by the editors of the L.A. Times to acknowledge and correct
their mistake. The word “Slaying” is a far cry from an accurate
characterization of the Armenian Genocide. There seems to be a need to
further sensitize the L.A. Times editors on this important issue.
A further indication of such a need is the editorial published by the L.A.
Times in its Sept. 8 issue, titled “Turkey’s war with history.” The
editorial correctly takes Turkey to task for filing charges against Pamuk,
just a few weeks before the anticipated start of talks on Turkey’s bid for
EU membership. The Times said that such an indictment “clearly violates the
conditions set for Turkey’s EU membership, such as guaranteeing free-speech
rights.”
Regrettably, this otherwise admirable editorial seems to have lifted a page
from Pres. Bush’s list of euphemisms in referring to the Armenian Genocide
as “the hundreds of thousands of Armenians killed during the era of the
Ottoman Empire,” and “the Turkish government engaged in the systematic
annihilation of Armenians.” Unfortunately, the most appropriate word,
genocide, was missing from the editorial.”
On the other hand, The Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post and the New
York Times, on Sept. 2, 7 and 10 respectively, in their editorials
condemning the indictment of Pamuk, used the word genocide to describe the
mass murders of Armenians.
Countless other newspapers and wire services around the world reported and
commented on Turkey’s indictment of Pamuk and his statement on the Armenian
Genocide. The British newspaper, The Guardian, in its Sept. 9 editorial,
found it “regrettable – and a gift to Turkey’s enemies – that at this
delicate moment the renowned novelist Orhan Pamuk is facing Ataturk-era
charges of ‘belittling Turkishness’ over his brave comments about the
Armenian genocide of 1915. Countries that join the EU must be able to
confront their own past, and respect free speech.”
The Financial Times, in its Sept. 5 editorial on Pamuk, said that the
famous author had complained about “the conspiracy of silence about the
mass murder of the Ottoman Empire’s Armenians during and after the first
world war. In the real world, it is inconceivable that Turkey will ever
enter the EU if it cannot face up to this blood-sodden chapter of its
history.”
As Maureen Freely explained in her opinion column in The Independent (UK)
on August 31, with the indictment of Orhan Pamuk and without any outside
assistance Turkey scored “an own goal” or “shot itself in the foot.”
All Armenians have to do now is sit back and watch as the Turks with their
own hands destroy their prospects of entering the EU and unintentionally
disseminate through the international media the facts of the Armenian
Genocide to countless millions who had not been aware of it before.
**************************************************************************
2 – Federal Court Upholds Citizenship for
Armenians in Turkish Consulate Plot
By Gillian Flaccus
LOS ANGELES (AP) – A federal appeals court ruled last week that a judge did
not err in granting U.S. citizenship to two Armenian men convicted more
than 20 years ago of planning to bomb the Turkish Consulate in
Philadelphia.
The decision by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ends a long struggle
by Viken Hovsepian and Viken Yacoubian, who plotted to bomb the consulate
in retaliation for the massacre of Armenians by Turks in 1915.
The men, who have been out of prison since the early 1990s, now have
doctorates, have renounced violence and volunteer many hours a week in the
Los Angeles Armenian-American community, said Mathew Millen, an attorney
who helped handle the immigration portion of their case.
Federal law currently forbids convicted terrorists from becoming citizens.
But anyone convicted of an aggravated felony before November 1990 can be
granted citizenship if they have been “of good moral character” for five
years prior to their application, Millen said.
“They both renounced violence as a means of achieving any kind of political
end,” Millen said by phone. “They both have Ph.D.s and they had a lot of
witnesses who talked about their activity in the community” at their
immigration hearing.
The federal government fought the citizenship application, contending the
men lied on certain portions of their applications. The 9th Circuit
affirmed Tuesday a lower court opinion that the alleged “lies” were
actually misunderstandings or oversights.
“We accept the court’s ruling, as we do with any ruling,” said Thom Mrozek,
spokesman for the U.S. attorney in Los Angeles.
The men were in their early 20s when they and two others were arrested in
1982 after authorities tape-recorded them planning the bombing. Authorities
at the time said they were linked to the Justice Commandos of the Armenian
Genocide.
Hovsepian was sentenced to six years in prison in 1984, while Yacoubian was
sentenced to three years in prison and 1,000 hours of community service.
Yacoubian is now principal of the Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian School in
Los Angeles’ Little Armenia and has obtained a doctorate in counseling
psychology from USC, according to court documents.
He declined to comment when reached by phone at the school. His attorney,
Michael Lightfoot, did not immediately return calls.
Hovsepian is now a hedge fund manager and speaks to youth groups about his
experience and the importance of nonviolent protest, said his attorney,
Barry Litt.
“He’s a very different person than the person he was in the early 1980s,”
Litt said of his client. “He’s a contributing member (of society).”
Tuesday’s decision marks the end of a complex case that began almost as
soon as the men were released from prison.
The men applied for citizenship in 1997 but then sued to have their cases
decided by a federal judge when immigration officials didn’t rule on their
applications within 120 days, Millen said.
In 2001, the same judge who presided at the men’s 1984 trial opted to
administer the oath of citizenship after reviewing their files.
But last year, the 9th Circuit ordered U.S. District Judge Mariana Pfaelzer
to reconsider the case after including in her review evidence from the bomb
plot, which had previously been under seal.
Pfaelzer again ruled in favor of citizenship, saying the men had
“completely reformed.”
**************************************************************************
3 – Armenian Church Convenes Meeting to Study
Sainthood for Victims of Armenian Genocide
ETCHMIADZIN – The Armenian Church Committee for the Study of the
Canonization of the Victims of the Armenian Genocide convened its inaugural
meeting, Sept. 3-6 in Etchmiadzin.
Prior to their meeting, the committee members were received by Catholicos
Karekin II, who gave them his Pontifical blessing, placing importance on
the work ahead and wishing them success in their endeavors.
Bishop Yeznik Petrosian introduced the members of the committee to the
Catholicos. Archbishop Sebouh Sarkissian transmitted the fraternal
greetings and best wishes for success from Catholicos Aram I, of the Great
House of Cilicia.
The members of the committee are: Archbishop Sebouh Sarkissian, Co-Chairman
(Cilicia); Bishop Yeznik Petrosian, Co-Chairman (Etchmiadzin); Bishop
Kegham Khatcherian (Cilicia); Very Rev. Fr. Papken Charian, Secretary
(Cilicia); Very Rev. Fr. Zadig Avedikian, Secretary (Etchmiadzin); Very
Rev. Fr. Daniel Findikian (Etchmiadzin).
During their meeting, the members exchanged ideas and viewpoints, and
following substantial discussion, established the main task, the framework
for analysis, the working timeline and underscored the fundamental
statement of the question.
The first working session of the committee will take place, Nov. 8-12, in
the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin.
***************************************************************************

4 – USC Friends of Armenian Music
Honor Mills at Oct. 2 Luncheon
LOS ANGELES – A tribute luncheon honoring Anne Mills will be held Oct. 2,
at USC’s Town and Gown, under the auspices of the USC Friends of Armenian
Music. On this occasion, Mills will be recognized for her 26 years of
dedicated service to USC FAM, and support of its mission and goals.
Anne Zorigian Mills has devoted her time, energy and expertise to USC
Friends serving on the Board of Directors since it was founded in 1979. She
has had a distinguished career at USC beginning in 1959, and eventually
become a part of the School of Performing Arts as Executive Secretary to
Dean Grant Beglarian in 1973. In 1979, the program for Armenian Musical
Studies was founded and organized by Dean Beglarian. Following his
departure, she joined the School of Music under Dean William Wilson. Anne
became deeply involved and committed to support its programs and endeavors.
Anne is currently Secretary/Assistant Treasurer of USC Friends of Armenian
Music; a member of the Westside Guild of Ararat Home; St. James Ladies
Society; Armenian International Women’s Association; USC Life Member of
SRA; Hathaway House Affiliate, and recently elected to the Board of
Governors of the California Dance Hall of Fame.
The Luncheon Committee, co-chaired by Artemis Bedros and Lily Balian, have
planned an afternoon which will be highlighted by a music program featuring
Armenian students who have received USC scholarships. Since 1984, when the
USC FAM Endowment Scholarship funds were established, approximately 40
music students have received scholarships at USC.
The musical program will feature pianist Sarkis Ksazaryan and a trio
consisting of pianist Dr. Lucy Nargizian, violinist Samuel Chilingarian,
and cellist Garik Terzian. Chilingarian recently won the “Most
Dinstinguished Musician Award” in Italy. The program will close with tenor
Levon Makasjian, returning from a recent European tour, accompsnied by
pianist Michael Galloway.
Noted attorney Arthur Avazian will serve as Master of Ceremonies. Dr.
Robert A. Cutietta, Dean, USC Thornton School of Music, will be a special
guest on the program.
USC Friends President Maro Makasjian said she anticipates a capacity crowd.
Proceeds from the luncheon will benefit the Anne Mills Scholarship Fund.
For information and reservations, call Dalita Meketerian (626) 282-5295 or
Seda Marootian (818) 790-7271.
***************************************************************************
5 – Catholicos Aram I Will Address
L.A. World Affairs Council, Oct. 14
LOS ANGELES – Joining a long list of Presidents, Prime Ministers and global
leaders, His Holiness Aram I, Catholicos of the Great House of Cilicia,
will speak before the Los Angeles World Affairs Council on October 14,
2005. The Pontiff’s remarks will focus on Christianity in the Middle East
and the current challenges facing inter-religious dialogue in the region.
The speech will be timely given the historic events in Iraq and the current
turmoil with respect to the United States’ foreign policy in the Middle
East.
“The dramatic events unfolding in Iraq and around the Middle East place a
new imperative before Christian communities in the region and globally,”
remarked Archbishop Moushegh Mardirossian of the Western Prelacy of the
Armenian Apostolic Church. “For thousands of years Armenian communities
and the Armenian church have been an important part of the fabric and
history of the region providing a unique perspective.” The Prelacy is
sponsoring the Pontifical visit of His Holiness Aram I, Catholicos of the
Great House of Cilicia, during which many of these critical issues will be
discussed.
The World Affairs Council luncheon speech, which is open to the public,
will be held at the historic Biltmore Hotel in downtown Los Angeles and
will attract political, civic and religious leaders from across the State
of California and Los Angeles. “We are honored and fortunate to have the
opportunity to hear His Holiness Aram I share his views and knowledge about
the many critical issues confronting the Middle East,” said J. Curtis Mack,
II, [or Robert Eckert, Chairman] President of the
World Affairs Council. “There is a dire need to have greater dialogue
during these historical times and we are pleased to provide the forum to
further greater understanding of the region and the role the Armenian
communities play.”
The council’s mission is to promote greater understanding of current global
issues and their impact on the people of Southern California by inviting
authoritative, influential figures in world affairs to Los Angeles, and
providing a forum for constructive discussion. U.S. Secretary of Defense
Donald Rumsfeld recently spoke at a luncheon sponsored by the Council and
the President of the Polish Republic Aleksander Kwasniewski is slated to
address the Council later this month.
For more information or to RSVP for this historic event, call (213)
628-2333. Table for this event are available for $400
(individual tickets $40) and will not be made on the day of the event.
***************************************************************************
6 – Deadline for Entries to CSUF 7th Annual
Armenian Film Festival Set for Jan. 15, 2006
FRESNO – The 7th Annual Armenian Film Festival at California State
University, Fresno will take place February 10, 2006, sponsored by the
Armenian Students Organization, the Armenian Studies Program at CSUF, and
partially funded by the Diversity Awareness program of the University
Student Union, CSU, Fresno.
Films made by Armenian directors/writers, or films with an Armenian theme
are being sought.
Requirements include: Films up to 1 hour in length; Films may be in any
language, English preferred; Films may be on any topic, Armenian theme
preferred; Film must be in video (NTSC)/DVD format
Deadline for entries to be received is January 15, 2006.
Entries should be accompanied by a CV of the director/writer and a synopsis
of the film, and mailed to: Armenian Film Festival
c/o Armenian Studies Program, 5245 N Backer Ave. PB4, Fresno, CA 93740-8001
The Festival Committee will meet to view and judge which entries will be
accepted for the Film Festival. Entrants will be contacted by email with
the decisions
**************************************************************************
7 – NorCal Home Hosts
Bay Area Health Faire
BURLINGAME – NorCal Armenian Home and Senior Services is hosting a Health
Faire on Sept. 24, 10a.m. to 2 p.m. at Calvary Armenian Congregational
Church, 725 Brotherhood Way in San Francisco. Admission is free.
NorCal is organizing this very special event for the Armenian senior
community and including the Baby Boomer generation of the San Francisco Bay
Area to encourage and promote healthy living and educate residents about
preventing future health problems.
Local Armenian physicians, nurses, pharmacists, nutritionists, social
workers, lawyer will be participating with various organizations dealing
with seniors and their rights.
Blood pressure and glucose screenings will be available; fasting is
required.
Transportation will be provided from the East Bay and South Bay roundtrip
$10. to 725 Brotherhood Way, San Francisco – RSVP required. The site for
the Health Faire has been made available by the Calvary Church at no
charge.
For more information and to make a tax-deductible donation for this
worthwhile project: mail your checks to NorCal Armenian Home and Senior
Services, 1818 Gilbreth Road, Suite 132, Burlingame, CA 94010 or call (650)
697-7474 or e-mail: [email protected].
**************************************************************************
8 – Montebello-Stepanakert Sister City
Inaugural Reception Set for Sept. 25
MONTEBELLO, CA – The inaugural reception for the Montebello-Stepanakert
Sister City Association will be held Sept. 25, starting at 4 p.m. at the
Montebello City Hall foyer, 1600 W. Beverly Blvd., Montebello, the
organizing committee announced this week.
Highlights of the reception will include addresses by elected officials,
picture poster presentations, as well as a brief video of Stepanakert
showing local institutions, including schools and Artsakh University,
prepared by Stepanakert TV.
The launch of the Sister-City program with Montebello was initiated by the
San Gabriel Valley Armenian National Committee, and supported by a score of
local businesses, individuals, and city officials.
Among the 22 members of the Sister-City Committee are City Councilman Bob
Bagwell, Councilwoman Normal Lopez-Reid, Chief of Police Garry
Couso-Vasquez, and other volunteers from both the Armenian-American
community and the Montebello community at large. Also actively
participating in the Committee are members of State Assemblyman Ron
Calderon’s office.
During the reception, details of some of the programs that are under
consideration will be announced.
Admission to the event is free. Donations to the non-profit Committee will
be accepted for use in implementing the programs.
For more information, call Stepan Altounian, (562) 698-1647, or Al
Cabraloff (562) 943-1081.

************************************************************************
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Courier. Subscriptions or changes of address should not be transmitted
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A challenge to Islamic correctness

The American Thinker
Sept 9 2005

A challenge to Islamic correctness
September 9th, 2005

Book Review

The Legacy of Jihad: Islamic Holy War and the Fate of Non-Muslims by
Andrew Bostom (Editor); Foreword by Ibn Warraq. 2005. New York:
Prometheus Books. Price $28 (HB).

Jihad is now one of the most widely discussed words in the world’s
lexicon. Once regarded as an arcane and academic subject, the 9/11
attacks and the more recent London bombings have brought the chilling
reality of it to every home. Most think it is a form of religious
war, something like the Crusades. This comparison is altogether
inadequate, for the war is only the beginning. Jihad should be seen
as a complete political and economic system that often includes
selective genocide and slavery. All this is presented in exhaustive
detail in The Legacy of Jihad compiled by Dr. Andrew Bostom. It is
the one indispensable source book needed to understand the threat
that the world faces today.

There is no shortage of experts who tell us that Jihad really is an
inner struggle against one’s own baser instincts – like yoga and
meditation in Hindu and Buddhist traditions. This `Islamically
correct’ explanation – never followed by the Jihadis – is belied both by
Muslim literature and by historical experience. Ibn Khaldun (1332 –
1406), one of the greatest thinkers of Islam, if not the greatest,
saw Jihad as an aggressive war of expansion with the religious
obligation to convert everyone. He calls it Islam’s `universal
mission’:

`The other religious groups did not have a universal mission, and the
holy war was not a religious duty for them, save only for purposes of
defense… Islam is under obligation to gain power over other nations.’
[emphasis added]

According to Sayyid Qutb (d. 1966):

`…wherever an Islamic community exists… it has a God-given right to
step forward and take control of the political authority… When God
restrained Muslims from Jihad for a certain period, it was a question
of strategy rather than of principle…’

We need look no further to understand the so-called `root causes’ of
Jihad.

It is impossible to do justice to such a monumental work in a brief
review beyond noting its main themes. The author begins appropriately
with a hundred-page exposition titled Jihad Conquests and the
Imposition of Dhimmitude. To appreciate Jihad we must understand the
concept of dhimmitude, the state of mind induced by Jihadi terror.
According to The Quranic Concept of War sponsored by General
Zia-ul-Haq of Pakistan, the founder of Talibanism:

`Terror struck into the hearts of the enemy is not only a means, it
is the end in itself. Once a condition of terror into the opponent’s
heart is obtained, hardly anything is left to be achieved… Terror is
not a means of imposing decision upon the enemy; it is the decision
we wish to impose upon him.’ [emphasis added]

This brings up an important point: terrorism cannot be separated from
Jihad, and Jihad cannot be removed from Islam. This is the reality
that we are dealing with. Every Jihadi knows this; it is time others
did too.

The book gives a comprehensive survey – many from the primary sources
going back the Quran and the Hadits. It shows how the orthodox view
of Jihad has changed not at all. In the section The Law of War: The
Jihad Majid Khadduri makes the important point that Islam abolished
all kinds of warfare except Jihad.

Should one think that all this is in the past and `reform’ can change
it, here is a sobering reminder by Bassam Tibi in his War and Peace
in Islam:

`Though the Islamic world has made many cultural adjustments to the
modern international system, there has been no cultural
accommodation, no rigorously critical rethinking of Islamic
tradition.’

According to this worldview:

`World peace, the final stage …is reached only with the conversion or
submission of all mankind to Islam.’

The book contains a comprehensive discussion of various Jihadi
campaigns spanning the period from the first century of Islam to the
present day – from Spain to the Indian subcontinent. A major bonus is
the set of color-coded maps and other illustrations giving a vivid
picture of the expansion of Islam at the cost of other nations.

Several important documents appear in English for the first time.
These include primary works in Arabic and Persian as well as
neglected modern works in modern European languages by scholars such
as Fagnan, Angelov, and Alexandrescu-Dresca Bulgaru. The work is
particularly valuable in shedding light on the horrific experience of
the Balkan nations under Ottoman rule. This is valuable in
understanding the current turmoil in the Balkans where the Muslims
are invariably cast as victims, while all the blame is placed on the
Serbs and the Croatians.

This raises an important but politically incorrect question: how did
the Hindu civilization manage to survive while the mighty empires of
Eastern Christianity, Zoroastrian Persia and the Buddhist kingdoms of
Central Asia crumbled before the onslaught? Even in India, Buddhism
was all but extinguished, while Hindu leaders rose to defend and
finally defeat Islam, though at great cost.

Genocide is often a direct consequence of Jihad though it is glossed
over by `Islamically correct’ historians. The book gives contemporary
and even eyewitness accounts of various genocides from the time of
the Prophet to present day Africa. This includes not only the Turkish
massacre of the Armenians, but also the so-called `ethnic’ conflict
in Sudan, which is the direct consequence of the revival of Jihadism.

Like genocide, slavery is also an integral part of Jihad. In fact
most Islamic regimes were based on slave economy. The Legacy of Jihad
has a sixty-page section on Jihad slavery. It makes for chilling
reading. Particularly disturbing is the revival of slavery and slave
trade in Sudan as a direct consequence of the resurgence of Islam and
the emphasis on Jihad.

John Eibner mentions one particular slave raid in 1987 in which more
than a thousand Dhinka civilians were roasted alive in railway box
cars in the town of El Diein in southern Sudan. (This was repeated in
Godhra, India in 2002 when 57 Hindu pilgrims, mostly women and
children, were burnt alive when the two bogies comprising the ladies’
compartments were set on fire.)

What is disturbing in this resurgence of slavery is the attitude of
international agencies, including the U.N. Eibner notes that the U.N.
Secretary General Kofi Annan has never publicly condemned the revival
of slavery under Jihad. A decade ago, the Cambodian dictator Pol Pot
also received U.N. support until his `Killing Fields’ became
impossible to ignore.

The documentation is so profuse, much of it recorded by Muslims
themselves, the reader begins to wonder why all this has been kept
away from the public by Islamic scholars and academics whose job it
is to inform. As the great Islamic scholar and critic Ibn Warraq (the
author of Why I am Not A Muslim) asks in his brilliant Foreword: why
did it take Dr. Andrew Bostom, not an Islamic scholar but a medical
scientist, to bring out this monumental compilation? Where were the
Orientalists, historians, Islamic scholars and other sundry
academics?

The answer: Islamic correctness driven by dhimmitude.

[Editor’s note: Andrew Bostom, author of the book, is a contributor
to The American Thinker. Further information on The Legacy of Jihad
may be found here. The book may be ordered here.]

N.S. Rajaram divides his time between Oklahoma City and Bangalore,
India.

http://www.americanthinker.com/articles.php?article_id=4804

Ombudsman’s first special report on violation of property right

AZG Armenian Daily #162, 10/09/2005

Human rights

OMBUDSMAN’S FIRST SPECIAL REPORT ON VIOLATION OF PROPERTY RIGHT

Citizens Keep on Complaining of Compensation

Human rights advocate of the Republic of Armenia, Larisa Alaverdian, told a
press conference September 8 that her first report on mass violations of
property rights of Armenian citizens are available at

The special report being first of its kind came as a result of the current
situation in the country and as fulfillment of the ombudswoman’s promise to
release reports on various cases of human rights violations beginning from
autumn. As Mrs. Alaverdian put it, they chose the most painful issue –
property rights violation. Though her annual report highlighted this issue,
as she said, there were no expected results. Despite this fact, the
ombudswoman still believes that the problems caused by the reconstruction of
Yerevan can find easy solution.

Mrs. Alaverdian rebuffed the widely circulating idea that the authorities
are guided with the principle “Armenia is not only Yerevan and Yerevan is
not only the downtown”. She thinks that the same process can be carried with
respect to citizens’ rights by simply paying the market price for the flats
and houses.

At any rate, the human rights defender thinks that her special report will
assist but not stymie that process. Mrs. Alaverdian called the report an
analysis which points out to the violated legislative regulations but
meanwhile offering the steps to take for solving the problems caused by
property rights violation. The report also includes the cases of concrete
families, that is to say evidence of violation.

On the occasion of the UN’s International Literacy Day on 8 September,
Larisa Alaverdian said that international days should be marked in Armenia
not to isolate ourselves from the world community. Highlighting the issue of
literacy, Mrs. Alaverdian added that there are children in rural areas of
Armenia who do not attend school. She welcomed Armenian government’s steps
in this direction, stressing the aid to the children of poor families.

By Aghavni Harutyunian

www.ombuds.am.

ASBAREZ Online [09-08-2005]

ASBAREZ ONLINE
TOP STORIES
09/08/2005
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1) Armenia Allocates Aid to US Hurricane Victims
2) European Parliament to Observe Trial of Pamuk
3) Aliyev Pledges to Double Azeri Military Budget in 2006
4) Georgian President Makes Fresh Promises to Javakhk

1) Armenia Allocates Aid to US Hurricane Victims

YEREVAN (RFE/RL)–The Armenian government approved on Thursday $200,000 in
assistance to victims of Hurricane Katrina, joining the long list of nations
that have offered to alleviate the devastating consequences of the disaster
that hit the south of the United States.
Government spokeswoman Meri Harutiunian said the cabinet instructed Armenia’s
Foreign Ministry to transfer the modest sum to the US government. “The
government inquired what that country needs and found it more expedient to
assist them in cash,” she told reporters after a weekly cabinet meeting.
The move followed President Robert Kocharian’s letter to President Bush
expressing condolences to Washington and families of thousands of people that
are feared dead in the US Gulf Coast. “On behalf of the Armenian people and
myself, I express my sincere sympathy to you and the families and relatives of
the victims of the disaster and wish them stamina and spiritual courage,”
stated the letter.
As many as 95 countries around the world have offered to help about one
million people in the states of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama
displaced by
the August 29 storm and the ensuing floods. US officials say the offers total
about $1 billion in cash and other assistance.

2) European Parliament to Observe Trial of Pamuk

STRASBOURG (Combined Sources)–The European Parliament (EP) plans to form a
special panel to monitor the upcoming trial of Turkish novelist Orhan Pamuk.
The proposal was made by MPs, who are members of the European wing of the
Joint Parliamentary Commission, the consultative organ between the European
Parliament and the Turkish parliament.
The committee will observe Pamuk’s trial, due to begin on December 16, and
submit a report to the European Parliament. Pamuk has been charged with
“publicly denigrating Turkish identity” in comments he made about the 1915
genocide of Armenians.
“Thirty thousand Kurds and 1 million Armenians were killed in these lands and
nobody but me dares to talk about it,” he told a Swiss journalist in a
interview.
He faces up to three years in prison if convicted.
Meanwhile, Germany’s book trade, which is to hand its most prestigious annual
award, the Peace Prize, to Pamuk next month, called on prosecutors in Istanbul
to abandon charges against the author.
Dieter Schormann, chairman of the Boersenverein, the group representing both
publishers and booksellers in Germany, said, “We protest. We demand the
Turkish
state ceases proceedings against Orhan Pamuk. The freedom of the word is
one of
the fundamental values of a democratic society.”
The German Book Trade Peace Prize council also criticized the prosecution
Friday. Pamuk is set to receive the prize of 25,000 euros on October 23 in a
ceremony attended by German leaders.
While Pamuk did not actually use the word genocide, his acknowledgment that 1
million Armenians were killed was enough to raise the ire of extreme
nationalists in Turkey who called for his books to be banned.
Pamuk’s books include “My Name is Red” and “Snow”. The latter was named in
the
New York Times Top 10 books for 2004. His books have been translated into 34
languages.

3) Aliyev Pledges to Double Azeri Military Budget in 2006

(AFP)–Azerbaijan will double military spending in 2006 to $600 million,
President Ilham Aliyev said on Thursday. He also warned Armenia that
Azerbaijan’s armed forces were capable of re-taking Mountainous Karabagh by
force.
“The unconstructive position of Armenia makes it impossible to make progress
with the talks. But, for the moment, we hope that a peaceful solution is
possible,” Aliyev said during a regional visit to Lenkaran, near the Iranian
border.
“At the same time, we are reinforcing our military potential. And if defense
spending in 2004 was 270 million dollars; in 2005, 300 million; in 2006 it
will
equal 600 million dollars,” he said. “The enemy must know that our army is
always able to regain the territory by military force.”

4) Georgian President Makes Fresh Promises to Javakhk

YEREVAN (YERKIR)–Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili visited Georgia’s
Javakhk region on Wednesday to meet with the predominately ethnic Armenian
population and administration, reported Regnum.
He told reporters and residents that the government would ensure the
employment of locals after the closure of the Russian military base there.
Fearing further economic hardship in an already neglected and suffering
region, the population of Javakhk has opposed the closure of the Russian base,
which employs a majority of residents. The pull-out follows a May 30 agreement
between Georgia and Russia to remove the base by 2008.
Saakashvili emphasized that in an effort to help, his government would
procure
agricultural products from the region for the Georgian Army.
He also noted that ten people from the area would be enrolled in the State
Administration School, enabling them to return to the region and work for
local
government.

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ANKARA: Balkan And Caucasian Muslims Seek Help From Turkey

BALKAN AND CAUCASIAN MUSLIMS SEEK HELP FROM TURKEY AGAINST
By Mukremin Albayrak

Zaman Online, Turkey
Sept 8 2005

Representatives of the Muslim states and communities in the Balkans
and Caucasus that took part in the “6th Eurasian Islamic Council”
hosted by the Turkish Religious Affairs Directorate complain about
the missionary activities in their countries.

The Muslim representatives asked the Islamic countries to back them.
Caucasian Muslim Religious Administration Chairman Allahshukur
Pashazade said: “Missionaries generally come in the name of humanism.
The only way of resisting this is educating well our people in terms
of faith.”

Pashazade asked these countries for the support of publications of a
religious content. Belgrade Mufti Muhammad Yusuf Spohich called for
cooperation in order to save the Muslim population from the yoke of
the missionaries.

The 6th Eurasian Islamic Council that has been convening for three
days continued with sessions where the subjects of “Religion, Culture
and Identity in Central Asia” were the topics of discussion.

Representatives from different countries of Central Asia, in the
papers they presented, pointed out that they made huge efforts to
remove the gap in the religious field that appeared after communism,
and that some missionaries and banned sects who want to profit from
the same gap increased their activities.

Professor Vasif Mehmet Aliev from Baku State University Theology
Faculty said people are forced to change identity as well as religion.

The Azeris who were converted to Christianity are inculcated by
the missionaries saying: “You are Christian from now on. Your
co-religionists are the Armenians.”

Pashazade said they received the greatest support against missionaries
from the religious leaders and that the people are made conscious
about the perverted movements.

Kazakhstan Foreign Language and Professional Career University Rector
Professot Sabri Hizmetli claimed nearly half a million people in
Central Asia were converted to Christianity in the last 14 years.

“If people choose a religion voluntarily, this must be respected.

However, ignorant people are being deceived and converted to another
religion with the promise of finding a job,” Hizmetli said.

Belgrade Mufti Spohich on the other side pointed at the missionaries
as the biggest danger in the Balkans for Muslims.

Armen Saakian Expose Ses Natures Mortes Au Musee

ARMEN SAAKIAN EXPOSE SES NATURES MORTES AU MUSEE

La Nouvelle Republique du Centre Ouest – edition DEUX-SEVRES
06 septembre 2005

L’artiste Armen Saakian, qui a quitte l’Armenie pour la Russie, est
installe en France depuis peu. Rencontre avec un homme attachant et
disponible pour expliquer ses toiles aux amateurs.

C’est sa première exposition personnelle en France. D’origine
armenienne, Armen Saakian est arrive en France en 2002. Il est installe
a Bressuire et dispose d’un atelier de peinture a Nantes. Il expose
actuellement, dans la galerie du musee, des natures mortes. Il y a
aussi quelques portraits ” pour s’aerer l’esprit quand on travaille
pendant trois mois sur des natures mortes, explique Armen Saakian en
esquissant un sourire. Je suis ravi d’exposer a Bressuire. ”

Les thèmes sont multiples, avec a la fois des motifs grecs très
chaleureux et des decors plus sobres tout aussi detailles. Mais le
trait commun est evident : l’artiste ne recherche que la lumière. Il
est vrai que les reflets sont saisissants et les ombres soignees. ”
Ses oeuvres sont claires et lisibles “, a decrit pour sa part Marie
Jarry, adjointe a la culture.

Armen Saakian sera present chaque jeudi et vendredi pour commenter ses
oeuvres et sa demarche. L’artiste âge de 35 ans a frequente l’ecole des
Beaux-arts de Riazan depuis le plus jeune âge. On retrouve ses toiles
dans des collections privees a Malte, aux Etats-Unis, en Republique
tchèque et en Russie.

” Je formule des voeux sincères pour que votre exposition rencontre
un franc succès “, a declare Jean Camus, president du musee, en
s’adressant a son protege Armen Saakian. ” Cette exposition est le
premier rendez-vous d’une saison riche. Nous avons le plaisir de
redecouvrir Armen, artiste au coeur bocain qui avait deja propose ses
oeuvres au château en 2004 dans le cadre d’une exposition collective
russe “, a rappele Jean-Michel Bernier. Les oeuvres d’Armen Saakian
sont a decouvrir et a apprecier jusqu’au 2 octobre.

– Exposition des oeuvres d’Armen Saakian : ” Nature morte : groupe
d’etre “. Ouverture du jeudi au dimanche, jusqu’au 2 octobre, de 14
h 30 a 18 h 30.

–Boundary_(ID_LQo12IFprFGcg5sYKsKn0g)–