Water supply improves in Gegharkunik

ArmenPress
Nov 15 2004

WATER SUPPLY IMPROVES IN GEGHARKUNIK

GAVAR, NOVEMBER 15, ARMENPRESS: An 8.5 km long drinking water
pipeline with a capacity of supplying 25 liters of water per second
was inaugurated today in Armenia’s biggest rural settlement, Vardenik
in the province of Gegharkunik. The construction cost was $88,000.
The bulk of money was released by the Armenian Social Investments
Fund and ten percent was raised by the community.
According to community head Manuk Manukian, future plans include
laying of 53 km long inner pipeline and taking water to residents of
newly built boroughs of the village that has 10,000 population.
In a related development the inner drinking water network of
another village in the province, Norakert, was repaired as part of
Poverty Reduction Program. The repair budget, some $11,5000, was
funded the government of Great Britain.

Attempt of Explosion of Armenian church in Baghdad

THERE WAS ATTEMPT OF EXPLOSION OF ARMENIAN CHURCH IN BAGHDAD

Noyan Tapan
Nov 11 2004

BAGHDAD, 11.11.04. A bomb exploded near the Armenian church in Baghdad
on November 9 at noon. There were no victims, but damage was caused
to the building of the church.

According to the press service of the Executive Council of ARF
Dashnaktsutyun Armenia, Paruir Hakobian, a representative of
the national authorities of Iraq, confirmed this information in
his telephone conversation with the `Azdak` editorial office. In
particular, he mentioned that `the purpose of the explosion was
exactly the Armenian church.`

ARKA News Agency – 11/08/2004

ARKA News Agency
Nov 8 2004

Rumors on earthquake in Armenia are “information terror”

Gorik Hakobian appointed the new head of National Security Service of
Armenia

Appeal of “Union of Parents of Missing NKR Soldiers” to OSCE Minsk
Group co-chairmen and IRCC administration

Due to hardware failure, Dial -UP and @arminco.com mailboxes are
unavailable till 6:00 a.m. Nov 9

Armenian Apostolic Church celebrates the 5th anniversary of anointing
and enthronement of Catholicos of All Armenians

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RUMORS ON EARTHQUAKE IN ARMENIA ARE “INFORMATION TERROR”

YEREVAN, November 8. /ARKA/. Rumors on earthquake in Armenia are
“information terror”, the Head of National Seismic Protection Service
Alvaro Antonian stated today. According to him, the information does
not correspond to the reality, similar events cannot be forecasted.
The Chairman of Association of Armenian Seismology and Earth Physics
Sergey Balasanian noted that similar provocations existed earlier as
well, in 90s after Spitak earthquake. “I can assure that no one can
predict exact date of earthquake”, he said.
Note today classes in some schools were cancelled due to spread
information on earthquake in Armenia. L.D. -0–

*********************************************************************

GORIK HAKOBIAN APPOINTED THE NEW HEAD OF NATIONAL SECURITY SERVICE OF
ARMENIA

YEREVAN, November 8. /ARKA/. Gorik Hakobian appointed the new head of
National Security Service of Armenia, RA President’s press office
told ARKA that the decree was signed by RA President Robert
Kocharian.
Note on Nov 5, 2004 RA President signed a decree on release of Karlos
Petrosian form the position of the Head of National Security Service.
L.D. –0–

*********************************************************************

APPEAL OF “UNION OF PARENTS OF MISSING NKR SOLDIERS” TO OSCE MINSK
GROUP CO-CHAIRMEN AND IRCC ADMINISTRATION

STEPANAKERT, November 8. /ARKA/. Appeal of “Union of Parents of
Missing NKR Soldiers” to OSCE Minsk Group co-chairmen and IRCC
administration. Trustee Council of the Union expressed concern in
accordance to unsettled condition of the issue of prisoners of war
and citizens taken hostage. “Despite of Nagorno Karabakh that
conducts transparent policy in this humanitarian issue, fulfilling
taken commitments, Azeri authorities still continue political
speculations around this issue and refuse from any cooperation with
Karabakh party”, the statement says.
“According to the information we posses, our compatriots kept in
Azerbaijan suffer indignity and being tortured. Unfortunately there
are some that did not bear these inhuman conditions and died. We turn
to you demanding immediate mediation in the issue of soonest release
of alive Armenian prisoners of war and hostages. Republic of
Azerbaijan signed Geneva conventions and additional protocols and is
obliged to fulfill their demands” the document notes.
The statement once again confirms the readiness of Karabakh party to
support any process related to given humanitarian process.
“We urge to use your authority for liberation and return home of our
relatives and hope that you’ll share our concern in respect to lives
of people suffered from the conflict”, the statement says. L.D. –0–

*********************************************************************

DUE TO HARDWARE FAILURE, DIAL -UP AND @ARMINCO.COM MAILBOXES ARE
UNAVAILABLE TILL 6:00 A.M. NOV 9

YEREVAN, November 8. /ARKA/. Due to hardware failure, Dial -UP and
@arminco.com mailboxes are unavailable. Expected time of recovery is
6:00am November 9, as published on the official web-site of Arminco
company – the largest provider in Armenia. A.H.–0–

*********************************************************************

ARMENIAN APOSTOLIC CHURCH CELEBRATES THE 5TH ANNIVERSARY OF ANOINTING
AND ENTHRONEMENT OF CATHOLICOS OF ALL ARMENIANS

YEREVAN, November 8. /ARKA/. Armenian Apostolic Church celebrated the
5th anniversary of anointing and enthronement of Catholicos of All
Armenians Garegin the Second. According to Echmiadsin Press Service
Department, after the Saint Liturgy was over, Patriarchal
Thanksgiving service was held in all Armenian churches. Besides, the
Saint Lithurgy in St. Echmiadsin was served by the Head of Western
Eparchy of Armenian Apostolic Church, Archbishop Khazhak Parsamyan,
at the presence of Garegin the Secong. In the course of the religious
rite, Parsamyan gave his due to 5-year fruitful work of the Armenian
Patriarch, characterizing it as “the period of spiritual rebirth and
awakening”. After the St. Lithurgy was over, Patriarchal Thanksgiving
service was held at St. Ascending Dossal.
According to the press-release, monarchs of St Echmiadsin were
present at the ceremony as well as sponsors, guests and congregation
that came to express their love to Saint Throne and to Garegin the
Second. A.H.–0–

*********************************************************************

BAKU: Azeri foreign minister,French and German diplomats discuss Kar

Azeri foreign minister, French and German diplomats discuss Karabakh

Trend news agency
10 Nov 04

Baku, 10 November: “Azerbaijan’s efforts to resolve the Nagornyy
Karabakh conflict are in no way directed at replacing the OSCE Minsk
Group with another organization,” Azerbaijani Foreign Minister Elmar
Mammadyarov has told a meeting with the political directors of the
foreign ministries of France and Germany, Stanislas Lefebvre de
Laboulaye and Michael Scheffer.

Mammadyarov expressed confidence that the inclusion of the item “On
the situation in the occupied territories” in the agenda of the UN
General Assembly will call the attention of the world community to
Armenia’s settling ethnic Armenian population in the occupied lands
of Azerbaijan. He said that Azerbaijan’s efforts in this issue aim
to support the Minsk Group in the settlement of the conflict.

The minister also noted that Azerbaijan attaches great importance to
developing cooperation with international organizations and that the
country’s joining the EU’s New Neighbourhood Policy programme is a
particular example of this.

Underlining the important role Azerbaijan is playing in preserving
stability in the region, the German and French diplomats stressed the
country’s great potential which will allow it to play a leading role
at international organizations.

The parties also discussed the situation in the region and the world,
the Caspian status and Azerbaijan’s role in fighting international
terrorism.

Rally highlights tragedy in Darfur

Rally highlights tragedy in Darfur
by Steven Theobald, Toronto Star

The Toronto Star
November 8, 2004 Monday

Ahmed Krama usually spends chilly Sunday afternoons watching NFL
football.

But yesterday the Sudanese-born lawyer headed to Queen’s Park to join
a rally demanding that Canada help end the humanitarian crisis in
Darfur.

“The world is not doing enough,” said Krama, who immigrated in 1987.
“Everyone knows what is going on there.”

The rally attracted about 500 people, according to Queen’s Park
security staff. Rally organizers, who put the number closer to 1,000,
were gratified by a large media turnout. “We will be able to bring
this into people’s homes and on their doorstep tomorrow morning,”
said Norman Epstein, a Toronto emergency room physician involved with
Canadians Against Slavery and Torture in Sudan.

“Hopefully this will get the situation in Darfur on the radar screen
again.”

Boisterous participants, carrying homemade signs, filled time between
speakers with chants to stop the killing in Darfur.

“Where is the Canadian voice? We want to hear the Canadian voice,”
screamed Elfadil El Sharief, a Sudanese-born human rights activist.
“We need the Canadian government to speak in the United Nations.”

A long list of speakers pleaded for Canada to actively seek an end to
the bloodshed and atrocities being committed in Sudan.

“Darfur is descending into anarchy,” said Rev. Dr. Karen Hamilton,
general secretary for the Canadian Council of Churches. She said
Canadians must put pressure on Prime Minister Paul Martin, who visits
Sudan later this month. “It is our hope and prayer he finds time to
visit Darfur.”

Amnesty International handed out postcards to Martin, pleading for
action to end “crimes against humanity.”

Among 45 groups at the rally were the Armenian National Committee,
World Vision, the Muslim Canadian Congress and Canadian Jewish
Congress Ontario Region.

“That just shows the level of concern. It’s cross-cutting,” said John
Lewis of KAIROS, a faith-based human rights advocate.

Andres Kasekamp, a visiting history professor from Estonia at the
University of Toronto, attended with his wife and baby girl. He says
Canada has credibility internationally to foster an end to the
crisis. “Canada doesn’t lead much in the world, but for this issue
Paul Martin is showing more interest.”‘Where is the Canadian voice?
We want to hear the Canadian voice’

GRAPHIC: Vince Talotta toronto star Adam, age 2 1 2, was among the
participants at yesterday’s Rally for Darfur, which brought together
a coalition of diverse community and religious groups trying to get
Canada more involved in ending the humanitarian tragedy occurring in
the Sudanese region riven by civil strife and hunger.

Aliyev Receives OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chair, Ambassador Steven Mann

Azer Tag, Azerbaijan
Nov. 5, 2004

PRESIDENT OF AZERBAIJAN ILHAM ALIYEV RECEIVES OSCE MINSK GROUP
CO-CHAIR, AMBASSADOR STEVEN MANN
[November 05, 2004, 17:02:07]

President of Azerbaijan Republic Ilham Aliyev at the President Palace
has received OSCE Minsk group co-chair, ambassador Steven Mann, on
November 5.

Greeting the US diplomat, Head of the Azerbaijan State with great
pleasure recalled his meeting with Mr. Mann on October 16 current year
in the Aghstafa district of Azerbaijan, during ceremony of welding of
the Azerbaijan and Georgia sections of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan MEP.
Giving high value to welding of the pipeline, President Ilham Aliyev
stated that realization of the BTC project serves regional cooperation,
ensuring peace and safety.

Mr. Steven Mann expressed pleasure with the chance to meet again
President Ilham Aliyev. He evaluated welding of the pipeline at the
Azerbaijan-Georgia borders as a landmark event and gratefully recalled
the meeting with the Head of Azerbaijan State.

At the meeting, also discussed were other global and regional
questions, solution of the Armenia-Azerbaijan, Nagorno Karabakh
conflict, as well as a number of other issues representing mutual
interest.

Ambassador of the United States to Azerbaijan Republic Rino Harnish
attended the reception.

ANCA Congratulates President Bush

Armenian National Committee of America
888 17th St., NW, Suite 904
Washington, DC 20006
Tel: (202) 775-1918
Fax: (202) 775-5648
E-mail: [email protected]
Internet:

PRESS RELEASE

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
November 3, 2004
Contact: Elizabeth S. Chouldjian
Tel: (202) 775-1918

ANCA CONGRATULATES PRESIDENT BUSH

— Urges Administration to Pursue a More Constructive
Approach to Armenian American Issues in Second Term

“If Armenian history has taught us anything,
it is that we may not win every battle, but
the surest way to lose every one is to sit on
the sidelines.” – ANCA Chairman Ken Hachikian

WASHINGTON, DC – The Armenian National Committee Of America (ANCA)
today congratulated President Bush on his election victory, thanked
Senator Kerry for a hard fought election campaign, and praised the
Armenian American community for an unprecedented level of activism
in this season’s electoral contests.

“Throughout the course of this highly competitive election season,
George W. Bush fought to advance his ideals, John Kerry fought for
what he believes in, and so did we – out there are the front lines
of American politics, fighting hard for the values and interests of
the Armenian American community,” said ANCA Chairman Ken Hachikian.
“As a result of our unprecedented electoral involvement, we have
emerged from this contest having earned the respect of both
parties, and of political insiders across the spectrum, as a
vibrant, extremely well organized, and highly motivated electoral
constituency at the presidential election level.”

Commenting on the outcome of the election, Hachikian noted that,
“While, of course, having endorsed Senator Kerry, we would have
liked to see a different outcome, we understand that for our
community the fundamental truth for Armenian Americans remains that
the key to this election – like all elections – is to understand
that our future rests in our hands. Sometimes the candidates we
support will win, other times they won’t. But we – the ANCA – will
always be out there – on the front lines, working with all sides to
advance our issues across the American political landscape.” He
closed by noting that, “If Armenian history has taught us anything,
it is that – we may not win every battle, but the sure way to lose
every one is to sit on the sidelines.”

www.anca.org

CENN Daily Digest – November 3, 2004

CENN – NOVEMBER 3, 2004 DAILY DIGEST
Table of Contents:
1. Lukoil Probes Azeri Caspian
2. World Bank Official Praises Economic Reforms in Armenia
3. Yerevan Municipality Promises to Ease Commuters’ Problems
4. Armenian Power Grids `No Longer Loss-Making’
5. Armenian Chemical Giant Pronounced `Dead’
6. Armenia, World Bank Cooperating Rather Effectively
7. RA Trade-Industrial Chamber Becomes A Full Member of European Trade
Chamber
8. Project Discovery! Draws Supporters to Gala Event Highlighting its
Archeological Work in Armenia
9. Armenian Industrial Production Up
10. Second Social Services Complex Opens in Armenia
11. Electricity Generation in Armenia Increased by 9.7% in Jan-Sept of
2004
12. UNESCO Holds Seminar Training on Distance Education
13. Representative of Azerbaijan Participated in INT’L Conference on
Adult Education
14. Over 3,200 Delegates Signed Up for the Congress
15. 80 State Members Strong! Iran Becomes an IUCN Member
16. Whose Forest is it Anyway?

1. LUKOIL PROBES AZERI CASPIAN

Source: CBN, Number 3,2 004

Russia’s second largest oil company, Lukoil, started exploration
drilling along the Azeri section of the Caspian Sea, government
officials said last week. “Lukoil has commenced the drilling of the
first exploration well on the offshore D222 bloc,” Vice President of the
State Oil Company (SOCAR) Khoshbakht Yusifzadeh told journalists last
Tuesday

2. WORLD BANK OFFICIAL PRAISES ECONOMIC REFORMS IN ARMENIA

Source: Arminfo, October 29, 2004

Armenia is one of the best users of World Bank loans in the world, which
are being allocated on the International Development Association (IDA)
conditions, the regional director of the World Bank, Donna
Dowsett-Coirolo, said at a press conference in Yerevan today.

She said that a group of World Bank experts had recently come to this
conclusion, evaluating the influence of the bank’s credit programmes on
the country’s economy in the last 10 years. She added that economic
reforms in Armenia are proceeding better than in neighboring Georgia and
Azerbaijan, though high economic growth is recorded in all the South
Caucasus countries this year.

The regional director noted that the economic situation in Georgia would
improve after the tough measures to fight corruption carried out by
President Mikheil Saakashvili, and after the construction of the
Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipelines and Baku-Erzurum gas pipeline in
Azerbaijan. At the same time, she believes that Armenia should also take
tough measures to fight corruption like Georgia, though the situation is
much better here.

Donna Dowsett-Coirolo noted that in the current year six credit
programmes worth 85m dollars had been submitted for approval to the
board of directors, which is the proof of active cooperation between the
World Bank and Armenia. Those are loans for the social, health and
education spheres, pension reforms, reforms in the state sector and
irrigation. The World Bank’s participation in the Armenian government’s
programme to alleviate poverty, which is worth 20m dollars, will be
considered by the board of directors in November. Apart from this, a new
credit programme to the tune of about 20m dollars for agriculture and
another credit programme, worth the same amount, to restore Yerevan’s
water supply system are being prepared. Both programmes are planned to
be submitted for approval to the World Bank board of directors next
spring.

Commenting on the problem of repaying Armenia’s foreign debt, a bigger
portion of which are World Bank loans, the regional director said that
the country could guarantee its repayment, taking into consideration the
economic growth and existing potential to attract domestic and foreign
investment. Anyway, the issue of repaying Armenia’s foreign debt does
not cause concern compared to the situation in other countries, she
said.

To recap, 36 programmes of the World Bank worth a total of 820.8m
dollars have been implemented in Armenia since 1992.

3. YEREVAN MUNICIPALITY PROMISES TO EASE COMMUTERS’ PROBLEMS

Source: ArmenPress, November 1, 2004

A senior official of the Yerevan municipality reiterated today previous
promises to bring some 130 passenger buses from Ukraine and Belarus by
the end of the year to ease commuters’ problems, who often have to wait
for tens of minutes to squeeze into one of mini-buses that can carry a
dozen people only.

Tigran Nazarian, the head of the transport department of the
municipality said 3,000 mini-buses operate in the capital, but they are
not enough to transport passengers, especially in rush hours.

Last year the municipality brought some 30 buses, mainly from France.
Previous state-run bus companies were privatized in 1997 and now there
is only one such company in Yerevan. Mr. Nazarian said companies refuse
to bring buses on grounds that they do not bring profits, as their fares
are 70 drams against 100 drams charged by mini-buses. He said bus fares
might be revised and set at 100 drams.

Tigran Nazarian said also buses will be brought up to 2007 and by that
time Yerevan municipality is expected to run 1000 buses. He said some 20
buses and trolley buses are coming soon from French Lyon.

4. ARMENIAN POWER GRIDS `NO LONGER LOSS-MAKING’

By Atom Markarian

Armenia’s power distribution network, once a huge drain on state
finances, has ceased to incur losses and operates at a profit as a
result of its privatization two years ago, its Russian chief executive
declared on Monday.

Yevgeny Gladunchik said a British-based company that took over the
Armenian Electricity Network (AEN) has managed to cut by half the loss
of electricity during its transmission to consumers.

The losses, which used to be as high as 40 percent, cost the Armenian
government an estimated $50 million each year. At least half of them are
believed to have resulted from widespread theft among various-level
employees of the state-owned network.

Ending the financial hemorrhage was the main stated rationale for the
power grids’ $40 million sale to Midland Resources Holding, a little
known company registered in a British offshore zone and reportedly
linked to a government-connected Armenian businessman. Midland
Resources, which specializes in trade of ferrous metals, was picked as
the new AEN owner despite its lack of energy-related experience. The
World Bank and other Western donors that had long been pushing for the
privatization expressed at the time serious misgivings about its ability
to get the loss-making company into shape.

According to Gladunchik, Midland Resources has proved skeptics wrong by
moving the AEN into profit. However, he refused to disclose the amount
of the earnings and was very reluctant to specify how much his company
has invested in the network, arguing that it assumed no concrete
investment commitments as part of the takeover deal.

`Tell me please why I must reveal that sum. I don’t quite understand why
it bothers you,’ he told journalists before producing a figure: $10
million.

The actual amount of the Midland investments is at the heart of an
unfolding dispute between AEN and the government’s Commission Regulating
Public Services that has the exclusive authority to set utility fees in
Armenia. The regulatory body is now considering lowering AEN’s profit
margin from 8 drams (1.5 U.S. cents) to 5 drams per kilowatt of power,
suspecting the company of inflating its investment figures. Its members
also argue that the company has made $6 million in extra profit as a
result of an approximately 15 percent strengthening of the national
currency, the dram, against the U.S. dollar over the past year.

Gladunchik warned the commission against taking the punitive measure.
`We will close shop if that happens,’ he said. He also argued that his
company has not sought and will not seek an increase in electricity
prices `in the near future.’

5. ARMENIAN CHEMICAL GIANT PRONOUNCED `DEAD’

By Atom Markarian

Armenia’s largest chemical plant struggling to remain afloat since the
Soviet break-up will not after all be brought back to life despite rosy
promises of its most recent owner, it was claimed on Monday.

Nairit, the Yerevan-biased synthetic rubber manufacturer, was purchased
last April by a Russian industrial group, Volgoburmash, that pledged to
restore its Soviet-era production levels with large-scale capital
investments. But according to the Russian head of Armenia’s sole power
utility which is owed 800 million drams ($1.6 million) by Nairit,
Volgoburmash has failed to make good on its promises.

`There is no owner at Nairit anymore,’ Yevgeny Gladunchik of the
Armenian Electricity Network (AEN) told a news conference. `The plant
hasn’t operated since August. All the promises of the previous owner
have turned out to be a bluff.’

`We have done everything to make it work. Unfortunately, all we can say
now is that the plant is dead,’ Gladunchik said. He added that the AEN
management decided earlier in the day to seek bankruptcy proceedings
against the former flagship of Soviet Armenia’s chemical industry.

There was no immediate confirmation of the news from Armenia’s Ministry
of Trade and Economic Development that had negotiated the deal with the
Russian conglomerate. Nairit had previously been handed over to an
Armenian private bank in payment for its $14 million debt to the latter.

Volgoburmash is not the first foreign investor to have tried to breathe
a new life into the factory that used to employ thousands of people.
Ransat Group, a British-registered firm, signed a management contract
signed with the Armenian government in early 2002, pledging to invest
$25 million within the next five years. However, the deal collapsed
several months later, with each other side accusing the other of failing
to honor its contractual obligations. Ransat eventually decided to
surrender control of Nairit.

6. ARMENIA, WORLD BANK COOPERATING RATHER EFFECTIVELY

Source: RIA Novosti’s, October 30, 2004

Cooperation between Armenia and the World Bank is developing rather
effectively, President Robert Kocharyan of Armenia said at a conference
involving Ms. Donna M. Dawsett-Coirolo, World Bank regional director for
South Caucasus, Mr. Hussein Razawi, World Bank director for the
infrastructure and energy sector, and Mr. Roger Robinson, director of
the World Bank’s Yerevan office.

Mr. Kocharyan pointed out the World Bank’s important role in
facilitating the implementation of Armenian reforms, presidential
press-service officials noted.

Robert Kocharyan voiced hope to the effect that this influential
international financial organization will continue to render all-out
assistance to Armenia in the future, as well.

Those taking part in the conference noted the importance of streamlining
Armenia’s tax and customs regulation legislation.

Fuel and energy cooperation prospects were discussed, as well.

The World Bank has implemented 36 programs worth nearly $821 million on
Armenian territory.

Armenia receives 40-year World Bank loans in accordance with IDA
(International Development Association) terms; such loans, which are
allocated to the world’s poorest countries, stipulate 0.75% annual
interest, as well as an easy-term ten-year period.

In June 2004 the World Bank’s board of executive directors endorsed a
new Armenian-aid strategy for the 2005-2008 period. This strategy calls
for setting aside loans to the tune of $220 million.

The new strategy lists the following priorities:
o helping the Armenian Government in its efforts to improve the business
climate and to create more jobs;
o facilitating better and more effective management;
o streamlining the public-health system, the education system, as well
as the basic infrastructure.

The previous Armenian-aid strategy for the 2002-2004 period had
stipulated loans worth about $190 million. Among other things, the World
Bank had financed construction of 120 km of local roads within the
framework of that strategy. The civil service reform was launched in
line with the new law based on an institutional administration survey.
More than 130 community projects were implemented, thus improving the
life of 340,000 rural dwellers. 80 rural hospitals were constructed and
118 physicians retrained as family doctors. Over 200 km of irrigation
canals were reconstructed, thereby enhancing the productivity of nearly
80,000 hectares of farmlands. 112 new textbooks were published and
handed out to students all over Armenia; add to this 50 teaching aids.

7. RA TRADE-INDUSTRIAL CHAMBER BECOMES A FULL MEMBER OF EUROPEAN TRADE
CHAMBER

Source: ARKA, November 1, 2004

Trade-Industrial Chamber (TIC) became a full member of European Trade
Chamber (ETC). According to RA (TIC) Press-Service Department, the
decision on it was made at the ETC congress in Vienna on Saturday,
October 30. According to the source, cooperation of EU countries with
TIC gives Armenia the chance to promote Armenian goods to the European
market through trade-industrial chambers.

Also, the TIC of Georgia became the full members of ETC, and TIC of
Azerbaijan got the status of an associate member. European Trade
Chamber is an officially registered organization of trade chambers of
European states. As of today, ETC includes TICs of all countries of EU,
and only three of the CIS, including Russia and Belarus.

8. PROJECT DISCOVERY! DRAWS SUPPORTERS TO GALA EVENT HIGHLIGHTING ITS
ARCHEOLOGICAL WORK IN ARMENIA

The Armenian Weekly On-Line: AWOL
80 Bigelow Avenue
Watertown MA 02472 USA
(617) 926-3974
[email protected]

DETROIT–On October 2, Detroit philanthropists Tom and Debbie Krikorian
graciously hosted a strolling supper at their magnificent estate on Pine
Lake to benefit Project Discovery!, a newly established charitable
organization dedicated to the discovery and preservation of the
archaeological and cultural legacy of Armenia. In total, 180 people
attended the party, including many non-Armenians.

The event co-chairs were Jim and Rosemary Bannon and Michael and Emma
Minasian. Mrs. Bannon, of Chaldaen descent, was drawn to the cause after
participating in the first Archaeology Odyssey tour to Armenia sponsored
by Project Discovery! last May. Mrs. Bannon, who has traveled to almost
every archaeologically significant region in the world, was so
fascinated with Armenia’s long and continuous history and so touched by
the dedication and warmth of the archaeologists who guided the group
that she enthusiastically offered to co-chair the event.

The evening opened with a rousing trombone fanfare of music by Arno
Babajanian, performed by Detroit Symphony Orchestra trombonist Randall
Hawes, accompanied by pianist Kathryn Goodson. Armenian music, from
classical to songs of the troubadours, continued throughout the evening
where guests were treated to a sumptuous meal with wine, followed by a
delicious array of tantalizing desserts.

Following dinner, Project Discovery! founder and president Teryl
Minasian Asher thanked the Krikorians for their generosity in opening
their beautiful home for the event, the evening’s co-chairs for their
tireless efforts in making the event a success, and the assembled guests
for their generous support. She reported with great excitement that the
proceeds from the evening totaled $22,000.

When one of the guests triumphantly stated that this event put Project
Discovery! on the map, Asher pointed out that Project Discovery! is a
global organization, with outreach committees in France, South America,
and the United Kingdom. Moreover, its Academic Advisory Board comprises
distinguished scholars from prestigious universities and research
institutions on three continents.

Asher then introduced University of Chicago professor Adam T. Smith, a
member of the organization’s Academic Advisory Board. Professor Smith
was no stranger to many of those in attendance, as he had given a
lecture and slide presentation in Detroit on archaeology in Armenia last
April at the Hagopian Gallery of Rugs, where over 225 people attended.
Professor Smith, who has conducted excavations in Armenia for the past
13 summers, spoke about the importance of the archaeological research
done in Armenia from a global perspective, and expressed his admiration
for the dedication of Armenian archaeologists in the face of seemingly
insurmountable financial obstacles.

He thanked those in attendance and explained how their contributions
would be used to support the efforts of the archaeologists of Armenia.
Guests were touched by Professor Smith’s comments and many expressed
their delight in being in the vanguard of this cause.

Other Academic Advisory Board members in attendance were University of
Michigan Armenian Studies Program director Kevork B. Bardakjian and PhD
candidate Lori Khatchadourian. Also present were University of Michigan
professors Susan E. Alcock and John Cherry.

The overall ambiance of the evening was one of elegance and excitement.
Guests were excited to not only see many of their old friends, but to
meet new people who shared in their enthusiasm and their commitment to
the cause.

Before the close of the evening, plans for the next event featuring
Professor Smith were announced. On November 18, he will present a
lecture titled “The Gift of Semiramis–Complex Societies in the Armenian
Highlands Viewed from one Trench at Gegharot Fortress” at Oscar Isberian
Rugs in Evanston, IL.

During the 15th century BC, societies living in the mountains and plains
of what is today Armenia underwent a convulsive transformation. Peoples
that for centuries had lived in socially stratified, predominantly
mobile, pastoral communities rather suddenly found themselves members of
complex, settled territorial polities complete with rigid social
hierarchies and developed political institutions cloistered within
stone-walled fortresses.

Traditional archaeological theories describe the emergence of complexity
in the region as a result of Assyrian military incursions – a gift of
Semiramis. Yet, complex societies emerged in the Armenian Highlands long
before the Assyrians turned their gaze to the north. And they emerged
with astonishing rapidity following more than half a millennia of mobile
life ways centered on the practices of stock breeding.

Excavations from 2000-2003 at the fortress of Gegharot, located in the
Tsaghkahovit Plain of central Armenia, have provided dramatic new clues
about the beginnings of social complexity in the region.

Through a “biography” of a single trench at Gegharot fortress, Professor
Smith will not only discuss the most recent results of his research, but
will also lead the audience through the process of archaeological
interpretation that coaxes dramatic pictures of ancient life from
artifacts.

For more information about Project Discovery! visit
, call (248) 593-6565, or (866) 393-6565 toll
free outside of Michigan, or email projectdiscovery @comcast.net.

9. ARMENIAN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION UP

Source: RosBusinessConsulting Database, November 2, 2004

Armenian industrial production gained 1.6 percent to $692.8m in January
to September 2004 in comparison to the same period in 2003. Industrial
products totaling $683.8m were sold in the reported period including
$63.3m in the CIS and $185.8m in other countries. According to the
country’s National Statistics Service, the volume of industrial
production decreased by 1.1 percent in September this year.

The chemical industry advanced considerably in January to September
2004, namely by 175.5 percent against January to September 2003.
Armenian energy companies produced 4.4787bn kWh in the first nine months
of this year, which was a 9-percent increase against the corresponding
period in 2003. A noticeable decline was reported in jewelry production
(84.2 percent).

10. SECOND SOCIAL SERVICES COMPLEX OPENS IN ARMENIA

Source: Noyan Tapan, November, 2004

A new social service center opened in the Armenian city of Masis on
November 2, 2004 to launch an experimental USAID program. The center,
“One Stop Social Services,” will house several local NGOs including, the
Territorial Agency of Social Services, Territorial Center of Employment,
Territorial Office of State Fund of Social Insurance, and the Commission
of Medical-Social Expert Examination. Each NGO will take advantage of a
networked computer system that will allow them to access larger
databases. The technologically advanced system will centralize
information and eliminate the need for multiple document submissions by
those applying for services.

Minister of Labor and Social Issues Aghvan Vardanian, announced that the
specific database technology is being studied by Romanian, Albanian, and
Georgian specialists, who are interested in introducing similar systems
in their respective countries.

At the opening of the center, US Ambassador to Armenia John Evans
expressed hope that the new center would help alleviate the social and
economic problems residents of Masis and its neighboring towns currently
face.

The town of Masis is currently home to 4,000 needy families, 1,500
unemployed, and 3,000 pensioners and disabled persons. “One Stop Social
Services” is the second center of its kind in the republic. The first
was established in the city of Vanadzor.

11. ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN ARMENIA INCREASED BY 9.7% IN JAN-SEPT OF
2004

Source: Arminfo, November 2, 2004

According to the National Statistical Service of Armenia, 4,478.7-mln
kW/h of electricity was generated in Armenia in late September 2004,
increasing by 9.7% during the first nine months of the current year, and
in September 2004 as against Aug 2004 it decreased by 8.6%. At the same
time, electricity, produced by Armenian Nuclear Power plant increased by
26.3%, Hydro power plants – by 6.9% in Jan-Sept 2004, and by thermal
power plant it decreased by 4.5%.

Thus, in the period under review the ANPP has generated 1,663.8 mln kW/h
of electricity, which makes 37.1% of the total volume of electricity
generation in the republic, the Thermal power Station produced 1,193.9
mln kW/h or 26.7%, Hydro power stations – 1,621.0 mln kW/h or 36.2%.

290,400 Gigacalories of thermal energy was produced in the republic in
Jan-Sept, which makes up 98.4% of the showing of the same period of last
year.

12. UNESCO HOLDS SEMINAR TRAINING ON DISTANCE EDUCATION

Source: State Telegraphic Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Azertag,
November 2, 2004

A three-day training seminar “Distance Education: Organization, Teacher
Training, Technologies” organized by the UNESCO Institute for
Information Technologies in Education commenced in Moscow. The seminar
is based on the IITE UNESCO recent methodological, training and research
materials on organizational, pedagogic and technological aspects of ICT
application in distance education. The event is partly funded by UNESCO
Moscow Office.

Azerbaijan is represented at the seminar by First secretary of the
Azerbaijan National Commission for UNESCO under the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs of the country Shahin Mammadov and representatives of the
Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan R. Mahmudzadeh and M. Babayev.

13. REPRESENTATIVE OF AZERBAIJAN PARTICIPATED IN INT’L CONFERENCE ON
ADULT EDUCATION

Source: State Telegraphic Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Azertag,
November 2, 2004

Chair of the Milli Majlis (Parliament) Standing Commission for Science
and Education Shahlar Asgarov and National Coordinator for Azerbaijan of
the Institute for International Cooperation of the Association of German
Popular Universities Fuad Muradov participated in the international
conference entitled `Adult Education in a United Europe – Abundance,
Diversity, Experience held in Torun, Poland.

Representatives of 40 European countries gathered here to identify the
new intercultural dimension of adult education in the enlarged Europe,
create a forum for European dialogue between adult education
theoreticians and practitioners in order to ensure that adult education
in Europe is not merely an academic field without practical orientation,
and establish working groups to build on earlier.

14. OVER 3,200 DELEGATES SIGNED UP FOR THE CONGRESS

Source: IUCN, November 2, 2004

With a little over two weeks left until the opening of the 3rd IUCN
World Conservation Congress, more than 3,200 delegates have registered
to attend the world’s most important conservation event in 2004. The
Congress will focus the world’s attention on the plight of species and
ecosystems and its impact on people’s livelihoods by presenting
state-of-the-art scientific data. It will furthermore seek ways to
mobilize resources against the backdrop of shrinking government
investment in conservation. Government ministers and officials,
non-governmental organizations and the world’s leading environmental
experts will gather in Bangkok for the Congress, to be opened by Her
Majesty Queen Sirikit of Thailand on 17 November. The Congress will
include the three-day World Conservation Forum, with more than 350
events assessing and debating the key issues of conservation, human
rights, health and sustainable enterprises, followed by the five-day
IUCN Members’ Business Assembly, the world s largest democratic
environmental forum, which will set the conservation agenda to the end
of the decade.

15. 80 STATE MEMBERS STRONG! IRAN BECOMES AN IUCN MEMBER

Source: IUCN, November 1, 2004

The Islamic Republic of Iran has joined IUCN – The World Conservation
Union and becomes the 80th State member. Located on the Persian Gulf and
Strait of Hormuz, Iran is endowed with diverse natural resources
including petroleum, natural gas, and other minerals. “Iran’s membership
to IUCN cements a long-standing relationship in dealing with the
environment and development challenges facing the country, the Asian
continent and the world at large,” says Dr Odeh Al Jayyousi, the IUCN
Director for the WESCANA region. IUCN and the Islamic Republic of Iran
have collaborated on, among other things, the development of a national
programme addressing major conservation issues of importance to Iran. By
joining IUCN, Iran strengthens the Union’s resolve to work closely with
governments, civil society and the private sector in the governance of
the world’s natural resources. IUCN has four more members in Iran.
Recently an IUCN Regional Office was opened in Amman, Jordan in order to
strengthen collaboration with conservation and development stakeholders
in the region.

16. WHOSE FOREST IS IT ANYWAY?

Source: IUCN, October 29, 2004

Who owns the world’s forests and what ownership systems work best for
forest conservation? The latest issue of arborvit?, the joint IUCN/WWF
Forest Conservation Newsletter, explores forest ownership from different
angles and from the experiences of numerous countries worldwide. The
feature article by Forest Trends, an IUCN Member, shows that communities
not only own and administer 22 percent of all forest land in developing
countries, but that they also invest between US $1.3 billion and US $2.6
billion in sustainable forest management. This is more than the
investment made by their own governments or external donors, making them
the largest investors in forests today. So is community ownership the
way forward? Clearly, though there is a marked shift towards community
management and ownership, the social, political and economic
complexities surrounding forest ownership preclude a one-size-fits-all
solution. Several articles in this issue highlight the problems faced in
the implementation of decentralization and privatization measures and
stress the need for governments to continue playing a regulatory role
and providing incentives for sustainable forest management.


*******************************************
CENN INFO
Caucasus Environmental NGO Network (CENN)

Tel: ++995 32 92 39 46
Fax: ++995 32 92 39 47
E-mail: [email protected]
URL:

http://www.armenianweekly.com
www.projectdiscovery.net
www.cenn.org

In a subtle light

Baltimore Sun
Nov. 3, 2004

In a subtle light
With great care and little fuss, BMA curator Sona Johnston helps bring
out the detail and harmony in works by Monet contemporary Theodore
Robinson.

By Mary Carole McCauley
Sun Arts Writer

There seems to be a psychic connection between them, the asthmatic,
awkward young painter and the genteel woman who has worked as a museum
curator for four decades.

No matter that the painter, Theodore Robinson, has been dead for more
than 100 years.

Look closely at Robinson’s paintings and you learn something about him,
about painting, about 19th-century France and about Impressionism. But
also, perhaps, you learn something about curator Sona Johnston as well.

That connection is implicit in the quietness, the simplicity, the
reticence of painting after painting. It’s implicit in the way the
moonlight strikes the walls of a farmhouse, drawing attention to their
everyday beauty without making a big fuss about it.

In Monet’s Light: Theodore Robinson at Giverny is the culmination of
Johnston’s career, the past 35 years of which have been spent at the
Baltimore Museum of Art. The show, which brings together 59 of
Robinson’s works and five by his friend, Claude Monet, runs through
Jan. 9 at the BMA.

During a press screening of the exhibit, Johnston stood before an 1892
painting, Moonlight at Giverny, in which the blue of the nighttime sky
and the white walls of a mysterious old building are beckoning, soft
and cool.

“What I love so much is the light,” she said, “the nature of the
shadows in the foreground, the way the roof blends into the hill. You
can sense the atmosphere very distinctly.”

It’s because of qualities like these that Robinson is considered the
leading American Impressionist after Mary Cassatt. In the mid-1970s,
shortly after she curated her first show on Robinson for the BMA,
Johnston began delving into the artist’s unpublished diaries. Her
edited version will be published in a few years.

The diaries depict a man who, though shy and lacking in
self-confidence, was fiercely independent and pursued his art valiantly
until he died prematurely, at age 43, from the asthma that had burdened
him since childhood.

They make it clear, Johnston said, that the bond between Robinson and
Monet, as well as their long conversations on artistic issues,
benefited both men. “The diaries give us glimpses into both of their
lives,” she said. “What wasn’t known before now was the extent of their
friendship.”

In the three decades that she has been perusing the diaries, Johnston
has become the world’s leading expert on Robinson.

“Sona is a remarkable treasure for us,” said Jay Fisher, the BMA’s
chief curator. “She’s an object-centered person, a very visual person.
She has an artist’s sensitivity to materials and the experience of
making art.”

The adjective used most frequently in describing the 65-year-old
Johnston is “lovely.” She’s tall and slender, and her gray hair swoops
up and over her forehead like frozen waves in a frozen sea. It’s not
difficult to imagine her wearing high-buttoned boots or carrying a
parasol.

As a curator, Johnston’s hallmark is a passion for the artwork. She
even treasures the “imperfections” in the paintings – an indistinct
hand in Gathering Plums (1891), the way the corner of The Duck Pond
(1891) deliberately fades away.

“I love the fact that he doesn’t feel the need to go to the edge of the
canvas and finish the painting,” Johnston said.

It is the kind of refined and cultivated – but unexpected – touch that
typifies Johnston’s approach, her colleagues say, the kind of detail
that rewards the attentive observer.

“She’s much more visually oriented than most curators are,” said her
husband, William Johnston, a curator at the Walters Art Museum. “She
likes works that require looking at, studying and thinking about.”

In a Sona Johnston show, you will not find an artwork selected merely
because it fits into a social, cultural or academic hypothesis. Every
piece can justify its place on aesthetic grounds.

“Sona’s not comfortable with a lot of drama,” Fisher said. “Her choices
are more refined and well-orchestrated. She’s not the kind of curator
who will want a wild flurry of wall color in the galleries.”

Colleagues praise Johnston’s meticulous research. It was she who
discovered that Robinson paired compositions that suggest changes in
the time of day, season or weather – just like Monet’s lilac bushes and
his views of the Seine River at Argenteuil.

No one had realized that Robinson’s two canvases of rooftops and
orchards and his two grain-stacks are variations on a theme, because
the artworks in each series had been split up and were hanging in
different museums and private collections.

“It was a major insight,” Johnston said. “These things that I had
thought were copies were different.”

Now reunited, the paintings are shown side by side in the current show
to great effect. Johnston also uncovered archival photographs that are
displayed in the show for the first time, and her captions include
previously unpublished excerpts from the diaries.

After leaving Baltimore, the exhibit will travel to the Phoenix Art
Museum in Arizona, and then the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art in
Hartford, Conn.

“It’s a wonderful show,” said Elizabeth Kornhauser, the Wadsworth’s
curator of American paintings and sculpture.

“We’re really excited about bringing it here for our audiences. It’s
visually dazzling, and very bold. To the best of my knowledge, this is
the first occasion that an American curator has had the daring to
showcase an American Impressionist alongside a French Impressionist.
And not just any French Impressionist, but Monet.”

Kornhauser was impressed with the exhibit’s sharp focus on the six
years that Robinson spent in Giverny. “Instead of doing this big,
blockbuster show, this has a quieter, more intellectual focus,” she
said. “The minute you see this show, you know that the curator has had
years of research and study under her belt. When you come away you’ve
learned something, and that isn’t always the case when museums do
Impressionist shows.”

Johnston’s exacting and impassioned scholarship also helped the BMA
acquire rarely lent pieces for the show. Museums are loath to ship
works by such in-demand painters as Monet across the country –
particularly in the post-Sept. 11 atmosphere of heightened security.

“Sona usually gets what she wants, but she doesn’t do it by
aggressiveness,” Fisher said. “She does it by persistence and solid
arguments. There are pictures in this exhibition that the institutions
that own them didn’t want to lend.

“Sona only wanted to include Monets that Robinson actually saw or could
have seen in Giverny. A generic Monet wouldn’t do. And when you have
the greatest expert in the world on Theodore Robinson telling the other
museum that we need these two pictures together to make this particular
point, that there’s not another painting owned by another institution
anywhere in the world that would make that point as well, it’s much
more difficult for them to say no.”

Johnston may be ladylike, but she’s no pushover. Just ask her courtly,
bow-tied husband. Not only is William Johnston the Walters’ associate
director, he’s also the curator of 18th- and 19th-century art. In
addition to mounting shows, both curators also acquire artworks for
their museums, either by buying them outright or through a donation.

Given the similarity of the couple’s jobs, and given the two art
museum’s geographical proximity – not to mention rivalry – there are
times when the Johnstons must have very interesting dinner
conversations. Or, perhaps, very interesting silences.

“There are things we won’t talk about to one another,” Sona Johnston
says. “We’ll never tell the other anything that would affect our
institution in an adverse way.”

After all, art is the earliest love of her life.

Johnston was born in January 1939, the daughter of Armenian immigrants.
One of young Sona’s favorite activities was paging through the art
books belonging to her uncle, a gifted painter and watercolorist who
lived next door. (He later became a dean of the Rhode Island School of
Design.)

While attending Sarah Lawrence College in New York in the late 1950s,
she decided to give painting a whirl, but found that she wasn’t cut out
for the occasionally truculent art then in vogue at the tail end of the
abstract expressionist movement.

“One day, in frustration, one of my teachers came up to me and said, ‘I
want you to paint something ugly,'” she recalled. “I did a really
brutal painting, but then I covered it up with pretty colors.”

After graduating, she began studying art history at New York
University’s Institute of Fine Arts. It was there, during a Friday
afternoon tea, that she noticed a young man wearing a European-cut suit
of dark blue pinstripes. She appreciated the taste necessary to acquire
and value such a suit despite the more casual prevailing fashion.

William Johnston, in turn, had noticed the tall, striking woman with
the shimmering black hair and deep brown eyes.

For a time, they carried on a long-distance romance. Sona left graduate
school to take a job at Boston’s Fine Arts Museum, and William Johnston
went to work in Baltimore for the Walters in 1966. When the couple
married in 1967, Sona moved to Charm City.

She joined the now-defunct Peale Museum, and was recruited by the BMA
in 1970. She has worked there since.

During her tenure, Johnston acquired a pair of Tiffany columns for the
museum “at a rock-bottom price,” Fisher said, and helped open the BMA’s
Jacobs wing, with its collection of Old Masters. She has curated
exhibits and written catalogs on Benjamin West, an American who was
court painter to England’s George III at the time of the Revolutionary
War; on 18th- and 19th-century American painters and on 19th-century
French art. She has worked on shows featuring mosaics dating from A.D.
400 to classic Renaissance sculptures.

“In an increasingly narrow and specialized age, there aren’t many
curators today who have Sona’s breadth and depth,” said the BMA’s
director, Doreen Bolger. “In her elegant and gentle way, she covers a
huge, huge waterfront. She’s as comfortable speaking with the Queen’s
Keeper of Pictures as with a curator in Iowa. She’s pretty
exceptional.”

Even Johnston’s most ardent admirers, however, admit she isn’t suited
for everything.

“Sona could never be a curator of contemporary art,” Fisher said. “She
thinks that art should be beautiful, and you can talk to her up one
side and down the other, and you’ll never convince her otherwise. She
holds her values very strongly, and that’s something to celebrate.”

As beautiful as Robinson’s paintings are, Johnston is the first to
acknowledge that he was less gifted than his groundbreaking friend.

“Monet was a genius,” she said. “Robinson’s paintings are more intimate
than Monet’s. His palette is more muted and he has a less robust way of
painting.”

The exhibit makes a persuasive case for the unique charms of restraint,
the extraordinary gifts it has to confer – whether in a work of art or
in a human being.
——————————————————————————–
Sona Johnston

Age: 65

Birthplace: Cambridge, Mass.

Job: Senior curator of painting and sculpture, Baltimore Museum of Art

Previous posts: Worked in Boston’s Museum of Fine Arts and at the
former Peale Museum in Baltimore

Education: Bachelor’s degree in art history, Sarah Lawrence College;
graduate studies at New York University’s Institute of Fine Art

Personal: Her husband, William Johnston, is associate director of the
Walters Art Museum. Their son, Fredric, works for the foreign
agriculture service of the USDA.

Greatest non-work passion: Her three cats: Fiona, Fauna and Domino
——————————————————————————–
Exhibit

What: In Monet’s Light: Theodore Robinson at Giverny

Where: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 10 Art Museum Drive

When: through Jan. 9. The museum is open 11 a.m.-5 p.m.
Wednesday-Friday; 11 a.m.-6 p.m. Saturday-Sunday; 11 a.m.-8 p.m. the
first Thursday of every month

Admission: $12; $10 for senior citizens, college students and groups of
12 or more; $6 for children 6-18; free for children 5 and younger.
Includes museum admission and audio tour.

Tickets sold: At the BMA box office or through Ticketmaster at
410-547-7328 and at

Information: 410-396-7100 or visit

www.ticketmaster.com.
www.artbma.org

Middle East sees benefits of Bush

The Guardian, UK
29 Oct. 2004

Middle East sees benefits of Bush

There is surprising support for a second Bush term in Iran and the Arab
world, writes Brian Whitaker

Friday October 29, 2004

President Bush’s election campaign received support from an unusual
quarter last week when Hasan Rowhani, head of the Iranian Supreme
National Security Council, said that four more years of George W would
be good for Iran. Yasser Arafat, the Palestinian leader, was asked
about the Bush-Kerry contest at a meeting with journalists a couple of
weeks ago (before he was taken ill) and replied: “It makes no
difference.”

In London, the consensus among Arab ambassadors – though they don’t say
so publicly – is that keeping Bush in the White House would be
preferable to starting afresh with Kerry.

Such views are probably not what most people would expect to hear. Bush
denounced Iran in his famous “axis of evil” speech and has been making
hostile noises about it ever since. He has cold-shouldered Arafat and
more or less washed his hands of the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.
More generally, as far as the Arab world is concerned, he has spared no
effort to make himself the most unpopular American president ever.

Disliking Bush is one thing, but working up enthusiasm for Kerry is
another – and there’s little sign of that in the Middle East. What
interests Arabs most is America’s attitude towards the Palestinian
people. Although the US under a President Kerry might be expected to
re-engage in the peace process, Kerry’s emphatically-declared support
for Israel does not inspire Arabs with hopes of an even-handed
approach.

Also pointing in Bush’s favour is the popular Arab view that
second-term American presidents are better placed to take a firm line
with Israel than first-term presidents. The theory is that in their
second term they no longer need to please the Israeli lobby in the US
because they cannot seek re-election again. Although the examples of
Jimmy Carter and George Bush Sr tend to disprove this theory, it’s
widely believed nevertheless. Bush gains, too, from the argument that
says it’s best to stay with the devil you know. Arab politicians and
diplomats are fond of the status quo (look how long most of them have
had their jobs) and, after four years adjusting to life under Bush,
they would rather not embark on a new learning curve now with Kerry.

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In any case, the influential Egyptian daily, al-Ahram, sees no
substantial difference between Bush and Kerry, and has declared its
support for Ralph Nader (of Lebanese descent), describing him as the
only candidate who “responds to Arab-American interests and positions
on Palestine, Iraq, civil liberties and world-wide respect for
international law”.

While agreeing that there may be little difference between Bush and
Kerry on Israeli-Palestinian policy, Albert Aghazerian, a
Palestinian-Armenian historian, detects a difference in their general
attitude.

“It’s a difference regarding people who have taken it upon themselves
to act as if they are the liberators of the world,” he said in an
interview with the web magazine Bitter Lemons. “For all his faults, I
don’t think Kerry will ignore the lessons that we have learnt
throughout history. The Bush people think they have a self-righteous
justification to go and change the course of things. This messianic
spirit, I think, is less in Kerry than it is in Bush … I believe that
Bush has broken the basic rules of common sense … it has to do with
this messianic approach.”

Bush’s messianic view, some argue, will bring more polarisation in the
Middle East if he gets a second term, simultaneously benefiting the
most impatient reformers and the Islamist militants: the reformers will
be encouraged by continuing US pressure on Arab regimes, while al-Qaida
and its likes will look to Bush for further help with their recruiting.

There are various other sectional interests that could gain from
keeping Bush in the White House. Bush’s relaxed environmental policies
benefit the oil-producing countries (as do the current high oil
prices). Bush is less likely than Kerry to trouble Arab governments
with complaints about human rights, so long as they continue to fight
terrorism, and there are many Lebanese who welcome American efforts to
stop Syria interfering in Lebanon’s affairs.

As far as Iraq and the presidential election is concerned, the most
Machiavellian view was set out recently in the Jordan Times. On the
assumption that the war is unwinnable, the writer suggested that
electing Kerry now will allow the neoconservatives to blame him for
American failure in Iraq and to insist that everything would have
worked out fine if only Bush had been given a bit longer:

“Many on the American right still believe that the Vietnam war could
have been won if only the spineless traitors of the left had not
weakened American ‘resolve’ – and they say this even though Richard
Nixon, who was elected on a promise to end the Vietnam war and presided
over the whole latter phase of it, was a Republican. What could they do
with a lost war on a Democratic president’s watch?”

Far better, then, to keep Bush in power and make him reap the
whirlwind. The Iraq quagmire may also explain why Hasan Rowhani and
some other Iranian officials (though not, by any means, all of them)
would like Bush to have a second term. So long as the US is bogged down
in Iraq, it cannot seriously contemplate toppling the regime in Iran –
or, for that matter, in Syria. Prospects for the US remaining bogged
down look rather better under Bush than Kerry.

Some in the Iranian government also think Bush has begun to realise
that his hostile policies towards Iran are unlikely to succeed and is
therefore likely to adopt a more realistic approach if elected for a
second term. If the dominant view of the Bush-Kerry contest in the
Middle East is one of overwhelming cynicism, the picture among
Arab-Americans – who do, after all, have a say in the outcome – is
rather different.

Despite Bush’s effort to woo them with a with a message of greetings
for Ramadan (“Americans who practise the Islamic faith enrich our
society … Laura joins me in sending our best wishes”), they
overwhelmingly support Kerry.

A recent poll of Arab-American voters in four of the states where they
are most numerous – Michigan, Florida, Ohio and Pennsylvania – showed
54% backing Kerry and only 28% backing Bush, with the rest undecided or
supporting Nader.

Arab Americans, though, have different priorities from Arabs in the
Middle East. For them, the most important factor in deciding who to
vote for is the American economy, followed by terrorism/national
security, according to the poll. Iraq came fourth in their list of
important issues, and Israeli-Palestinian issues only eighth.

The poll was conducted by Zogby International, a Washington-based firm
whose boss, James Zogby, is himself an Arab American and also a
supporter of the Democrats.

In an article for al-Ahram Weekly he explained last week why he would
be voting for Kerry.

“The last four years have had a devastating effect on our nation,” he
wrote. “They have tested our national unity and our sense of mission.
The Bush administration has pursued domestic and foreign policies that
have been both neglectful and reckless. Because of reckless tax cuts a
record surplus was turned into record deficits.”

Turning to the benefits of electing Kerry and his running-mate John
Edwards, he continued: “Whatever differences I may have with them, I
know that they will pursue diplomacy over unilateral military
pre-emption. They can be better trusted to find a way out of Iraq than
the arrogant crew that got us into that mess in the first place.

“They will protect our civil liberties … and they will make the
pursuit of an Israeli-Palestinian peace a priority rather than a
neglected afterthought.”

Optimistic words. But we shall have to wait a few more days to see if
Kerry gets a chance to prove them wrong or right.

–Boundary_(ID_r5IFOEESZiX9yzPOx8TCsA)–