Author: Diana Dabaghian

Marianna Mkrtchyan. The Armenian Foreign Ministry responded to the publication of the media regarding the relationship of the Armenian diplomatic mission with the mafia in Germany.

Thus, the Spokesperson of the Armenian Foreign Ministry Anna Naghdalyan in particular told ArmInfo correspondent: "The Armenian Foreign Ministry is in contact with the relevant structures of Germany to clarify the veracity of the allegations being circulated in the media. "We do not consider it appropriate to give a more detailed comment. We will provide additional information on the results."

Earlier, dw.com with reference to Der Spiegel published an article stating that for three years the German police tried to arrest members of the Armenian mafia in this country, but the investigation did not recommend accepting the help of the Armenian Embassy in Germany in investigating.

In the article, in particular, it was noted that the criminals from the Caucasus region had built a powerful network in Germany, for three years the investigators in the framework of the secret operation tried to detain and arrest the representatives of the Armenian mafia, but without particular success. "A strictly classified special operation, codenamed Fight against thieves in law, was conducted by the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) in conjunction with six land specialized agencies (LKA). This operation was one of the largest investigations on organized crime in Germany.

"Thieves in law" are described in the investigation materials as high-ranking authorities from Russian- Eurasian organized crime. They also control Armenian mafia structures in Germany. Employees of the Federal Intelligence Service BND and Europol helped the criminal investigation team in the investigation. The "point of reference" was a shootout between two criminal clans, which occurred in July 2014 in Erfurt. Then 14 criminal cases were opened against 42 people suspected of financial fraud. According to the BKA experts, the Armenian mafia in Germany "really exists." Together with other groups from the Russian- Eurasian criminal circles, it has "substantial financial" resources and can "threaten the foundations of the lawful state." However, due to lack of evidence, the results of the investigations have not yet led to accusations and criminal cases. In addition, the topic of crime touched upon diplomatic relations. According to Der Spiegel and MDR, the ambassador of Armenia to Germany, Ashot Smbatyan, offered his German investigators assistance in the fight against the Armenian mafia. However, the BKA recommended not agreeing to this cooperation, noting that the investigators do not exclude the connections of thieves in the law with representatives of state structures of Armenia. As a result of more than 70 operational search activities involving thousands of police officers, more than 140 suspects in the arms trade and drug smuggling, money laundering and the creation of clandestine sweepstakes were detained, "the newspaper wrote.

• BY SETENAY MUFTI AND STEPHANIE HOECHST
• •   SEPTEMBER 28, 2018

Christina Maranci will give a lecture on her recently published book, “The Art of Armenia: An Introduction,” on Oct. 4, in which she will discuss the meaning and content of her book, as well as her own academic and creative processes. Maranci serves as chair of Tufts’ Art History department, as well as the Arthur H. Dadian and Ara T. Oztemel Professor of Armenian Art and Architecture. The talk is co-sponsored by the National Association for Armenian Studies and Research (NAASR), the Tufts Armenian Club and the Darakjian Jafarian Chair in Armenian History at Tufts. “The Art of Armenia,” Maranci’s fourth book to date, seems to have been a long time coming.

As Maranci explains, the book is not intended to provide a comprehensive study of Armenian art but rather to give a solid overview of the region’s complicated cultural and artistic history.

“My book is a general study of Armenian art from the Paleolithic period to the early 18th century, [including] all media [and] all regions of historical Armenia,” Maranci told the Daily in an email.

This includes a range of artifacts, from Armenia’s famed illuminated manuscripts from the Middle Ages to the oldest shoe ever discovered.

Creating an accessible guide to Armenian art presents a more significant challenge than many, including even some art historians, might think. Historically, Armenian territory has included large swaths of the Middle East and Caucasus regions. As a result, Armenian culture has adopted and appropriated elements of many other civilizations and empires, ranging from Urartu to Rome to Persia, and has become even more complex after the nationwide conversion to Christianity in the late third or early fourth century AD. After the Sassanian Period, Armenia became part of the Umayyad Caliphate, as well as the Byzantine Empire. It was partially conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, and Western Armenia remained under Ottoman control until the mass killings and deportations of the Armenian Genocide in 1915 — a label still rejected by Turkey and not recognized by the United States.

“The Art of Armenia” attempts to outline all of these cultural elements in a comprehensive way. As a result of its diverse history, the historical aesthetic of Armenian art is multi-faceted and often inconsistent. This may explain why so many art historians tend to overlook the significance of Armenia, according to Maranci. It is not that Armenia is an obscure, empty country; on the contrary, it is fascinating and rich to the point of inconvenience for anyone trying to construct a clear narrative of its artistic tradition. The lack of thorough yet accessible books about Armenian art history compelled Maranci to develop one.

“I wrote it because I needed a good text to assign to my students,” Maranci said. “Available literature was either outdated or at the wrong level.”

Maranci specified that although a great body of work has been written about Armenian art, much of it is dense, specialized and in languages like Armenian, Russian and French. This makes these sources inaccessible to many people seeking an introduction to Armenian art. For this reason, Maranci has also made the effort to cite mostly English and French-language sources in the bibliography of “The Art of Armenia.”

Not only is the book useful for art history students and professors who want to consider Armenia as a case study at the crossroads of cultures, it also gives Armenians to appreciate their own heritage, according to Maranci, who is Armenian herself and was galvanized by the Armenian community’s need for self-appreciation.

This personal connection manifests itself in Maranci’s sense of urgency against the cultural destruction of Armenian art, particularly that of churches standing in the historical Armenian state, whose borders have included parts of modern-day Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran and Georgia. Maranci’s interest in the preservation of these churches began in 2013, when she visited the Cathedral of Mren in Turkey. After studying and exploring the cathedral from afar, she arrived in Turkey to find it semi-collapsed and in a state of ruin. In 2015, the World Monuments Fund and the U.S. Department of State’s Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation used three-dimensional scanning and extensive documentation to prepare an emergency conservation plan.

Although Maranci is not a conservator, she and other scholars have attempted to gain access to sites like the Mren Cathedral for research purposes, only to be blocked or even apprehended by the Turkish government. Mren is in a militarized zone, which is partially responsible for its inaccessibility to foreign researchers. Moreover, the cathedral has been left to crumble for hundreds of years quite intentionally. For this reason, Maranci’s book includes a postscript on “issues of cultural memory and heritage, particularly in light of the Genocide of 1915–1922.”

Artifacts from around the world are currently locked in transnational debates over their repatriation and right to cultural heritage. It seems that political and geographical struggles for power are as relevant to Armenia today as they were in antiquity.

Despite the plethora of challenges for those interested in studying Armenian art, it seems to be gaining appreciation in the United States, including at Tufts. The Metropolitan Museum of Art debuted its “Armenia!” exhibit on Sept. 22, describing it as “the first major exhibition to explore the remarkable artistic and cultural achievements of the Armenian people in a global context over fourteen centuries.” In Boston this month, the South End’s Galatea Fine Art has hosted an exhibit called “Resiliency and Resistance,” which showcases the contemporary artwork of four Armenian women. At Tufts, Maranci’s course “Armenian Art, Architecture & Politics” has gone from a novelty of the art history department to a popular class in its own right; the course’s enrollment this fall is among its highest to date.

Maranci’s lecture on Oct. 4 is an exciting opportunity for her to showcase her book and its journey, which she has described as a labor of love.

“So much of book-writing is solitary, and this will give me a chance to talk about the problems of writing, the revelations of writing it and [to] give people an inside peek into the book,” Maranci said.

She hopes to communicate “how astonishing Armenian art is,” while highlighting the tragedy of its exclusion from Western art history.

“The Art of Armenia: An Illustrated Lecture by Dr. Christina Maranci” will be on Oct. 4 at 7:30 p.m. in Alumnae Lounge. The event is free and open to the public.