Author: Elizabeth Jabejian

Armenia’s agreement with the EU without confrontation with Moscow

Elizabeth Jabejian
 Netgazeti, Georgia
Dec 11 2017
 
 
Armenia's agreement with the EU without confrontation with Moscow
 
Mikayel Zolyan
[Armenian News note: the below is translated from Georgian]
 
How did Armenia and the EU sign the agreement without any complications?
 
Armenia and the EU signed the Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement on 24 November 2017. A pundit, whom I know, won a bottle of cognac. His colleague, who lost the bet, argued that the signing of the agreement would be thwarted.
 
People in Yerevan were impatiently waiting until the last moment for what was going to happen at the Eastern Partnership summit in Brussels. When the news about the signing of the agreement was disseminated, Armenians had a joyful mood in social networks like the one they would have had Armenia's national football team won a landslide victory. However, the rejoicings continued until Russian TV stations voiced humiliating messages regarding Armenians.
 
For example, well-known Russian pundit Maxim Shevchenko referred to [Azerbaijan's breakaway] Karabakh as Azerbaijani territory in the "Time will Tell" programme of a Russian TV station and in the "Meeting Place" programme of NTV, Russian experts compared Armenia with an unfaithful wife, because being a member of the [Russian-led] Eurasian Economic Union [EEU], it signed an agreement with the EU.
 
Why did history not repeat itself?
 
Why was such a stir raised over the technical document on 400 pages? The problem is that everyone remembers what happened in 2013, when the text of the association agreement between Armenia and the EU was ready. That agreement included Armenia's joining the DCFTA [Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Areas]. On 3 September, Armenia expressed the desire to join the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, which made it impossible to sign the agreement with the EU.
 
The Armenian government's statement that they were ready to sign the association agreement without the DCFTA was nothing other than a clumsy attempt "not to lose face" and to place responsibility on the EU.
 
However, it was clear to effectively everyone that the real reason for the refusal to sign the agreement was pressure on the part of Moscow, which the Armenian government failed to resist.
 
Things were different this time, but now too, like in 2013, signals were received from Russia that they were not satisfied with developing relations between Armenia and the EU.
 
The most vivid example of this was a TV programme broadcast by the Zvezda TV station affiliated to the Russian Defence Ministry, where the anchor said that "Armenia plans to join the EU", accused Armenia's national hero Garegin Nzhdeh [nickname meaning "pilgrim", "emigrant" of Garegin Ter-Harutyunyan (1886-1955), who instrumented the establishment of the Republic of Mountainous Armenia, an anti-Bolshevik state and during World War II assisted the Armenian Legion of the armed forces of Nazi Germany, hoping that if Germany succeeded in conquering the USSR, they would be able to grant Armenia independence] of being a Nazi and calling him "Armenia's [Stepan] Bandera, [the commander-in-chief of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army]", [later, Zvezda apologised and deleted the programme from the YouTube channel] [second square brackets as published].
 
There were several incidents, including programmes on ORT and NTV, after the agreement was signed, but all this has had no major results despite battles on the fields of Facebook and a certain rise in anti-Russian sentiments in Armenia.
 
Moreover, Russia showed restraint at the official level and effectively left without reaction the fact that the agreement was signed. A few days ahead of the Brussels summit, [Armenian President] Serzh Sargsyan paid an official visit to Moscow and met [Russian] President Vladimir Putin there. This visit was supposed to show that "Armenia does not forget strategic partners and the development of relations with the EU is going to have no impact on relations with Moscow".
 
On the other hand, some analysts even said in their statements that the agreement between the EU and Armenia was in Moscow's interests, as it fits well the logic that integration between the EU and the [Russian-led] Eurasian Union [EEU] is also possible.
 
Why did Moscow not take any steps unlike in 2013 in order to halt the signing of the agreement? The thing is that the document of this year is essentially different from the document of 2013 and the agreements the EU signed with Georgia, Ukraine, and Moldova.
 
Armenia, a member of the EEU, cannot have even a theoretical chance of joining the DCFTA. Thus, the document signed on 24 November is not so ambitious and Moscow's calm reaction is due to this.
 
However, this is not the only reason. The current situation is fundamentally different from that in 2013 due to the dynamic of relations between Russia and the West. The future of Ukraine was decided in 2013 and each side was trying to "lure away" Kiev.
 
In this context, it was important for Russia to hinder the agreement between the EU and Armenia and put Kiev under pressure in this manner and, at the same time, to show the EU that it is impossible to work with post-Soviet countries without taking Moscow's interests into account.
 
The situation is different today. The peak of the conflict has fallen behind. Russia has finally lost Ukraine [at any rate, in the immediate future] [square brackets as published], the West has introduced sanctions, and prices of energy resources have fallen. In these conditions, Moscow is unable to offer "crackers" to post-Soviet countries, including Armenia, and force them to renounce relations with the EU.
 
At the same time, the policy of tough pressure has made relations with the EU more complicated and Russia does not want this today. In addition, Moscow is now working on the idea of "integrating integration" between the EU and the EEU. The agreement between Armenia and the EEU also fits in this plan.
 
What is going to happen next?
 
What benefits is Armenia going to receive from signing the agreement? This will first and foremost facilitate more financial support for Armenia. As the EU envoy [head of the EU Delegation] to Armenia, Piotr Switalski, said, EU's financial support for Armenia is going to increase by 25 per cent next year and presumably, the figures will grow.
 
Also, the agreement is going to create conditions for dialogue on visa-free travel. It is clear that there is much time left until Armenian citizens are able to travel to EU countries without visas like citizens of Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine – at least two or three years according to most optimistic estimates. However, the process has started.
 
It was also announced at the Eastern Partnership summit that Armenia and the EU had also finalised the text of the agreement of air communications, which is supposed to make air travel to Europe more active [today, there are only a few flights from Yerevan to EU countries and most passengers travel via Russia] [square brackets as published].
 
However, it is most important that the aforementioned agreement envisages major reforms in various spheres in Armenia, including administrative management, the judiciary system, economy, and education. Experience has shown that we should not rely on the government's goodwill in this regard.
 
Without pressure from society, these reforms are going to remain simply ink on paper. Therefore, the opposition parliamentary bloc Yelk [Way out] has already said that it intends to monitor the implementation of the agreement between Armenia and the EU.
 
The attitude of civic society organisations is the same. It is difficult to say how efficient such monitoring can be, but one thing is clear: Prospects for progress have appeared for Armenia thanks to the agreement with the EU.

Chess: Armenia’s Aronian maintains 2nd position in latest FIDE Rankings

Elizabeth Jabejian
Panorama, Armenia
Dec 1 2017
15:33 01/12/2017Armenia

The World Chess Federation (FIDE) has published FIDE Rating List as of December 1, 2017.  World Champion Magnus Carlsen (2837) continues to lead the Top Players List, followed by Armenian GM Levon Aronian, holding the second position with 2805 points.

According to the National Olympic Committee, Standard Top 100 Men December 2017 features two other Armenian chess players. In particular, Vladimir Hakobyan (2667) comes the 78th and Gabriel Sargsyan (2672) – 72nd.

Armenian chess player Elina Danielyan (2413) comes the 53rd and Lilit Mkrtchyan (2376) is ranked 85th in women’s list.

Culture: Columbia to Host a Photography Exhibition of the Dildilian Family Archive Organized by Armen Marsoobian

Elizabeth Jabejian
The Armenian Weekly
Nov 27 2017

By Contributor on in Mid-Atlantic // 0 Comments // //

The photographers and story tellers, the Dildilian siblings: Tsolag, Aram and their sister Haiganoush Der Haroutiounian (Photo courtesy of Armen Marsoobian)

NEW YORK—A photography exhibition based upon historic Ottoman-era photographs from the Dildilian Family archive will open on the Columbia University campus on December 1. The exhibition, organized by Dr. Armen T. Marsoobian, may be viewed at the fourth floor lobby gallery of International Affairs Building, 420 W 118th Street (off Amsterdam Ave.) until the end of the month.

The exhibition titled, “Continuity and Rupture: Photography from the Dildilian Family Archive,” is supported by the Armenian Center at Columbia University and co-sponsored by the Columbia University Alliance for Historical Dialogue and Accountability of the Institute for the Study of Human Rights and the National Association for Armenian Studies and Research.

Marsoobian will tell the story behind his exhibitions and the work he has done on Armenian photography at a plenary session of a human rights conference, “Present Past: Time, Memory, and the Negotiation of Historical Justice,” on Dec. 9 at 12:30 p.m. in Room 1512 of the International Affairs Building. He has also organized a panel with Turkish film and media scholars titled, “Screening the Past: Contested Historical Narratives for Turks and Armenians.” His talk, “From Silent Film to the Silencing of Film: Exiling the Armenian Genocide from Mainstream Cinema,” will begin the panel that takes place at Faculty House, second floor, room 3/4, 64 Morningside Drive, 11 a.m. on Dec. 8. The public is welcome at both talks.

This exhibition tells the story of an Armenian family, the Dildilians, many of whose members worked as photographers in Ottoman Turkey. They lived, worked, and raised their families in the Anatolian cities of Sebastia (Sivas), Marsovan (Merzifon), and Samsun. The backdrop of the story, which starts in 1872 and ends in 1923, is an empire in decline and a war that altered the face of the Middle East and Europe. The story is a painful one, culminating in the violent eradication of Armenians from their 3,000-year old homeland. Yet the photographic narrative also testifies to the cultural, educational, and commercial achievements of the Armenians.

The photographs gathered for this exhibition were taken by Tsolag and Aram Dildilian over the course of 34 years in the cities, towns, and countryside of central Anatolia and the Black Sea Coast. The photographs and glass negatives in the family archive number well over 1,000—a truly unique treasure unmatched by Armenian families who survived the genocide.

Between 2013 and 2016, exhibitions were held in the Republic of Turkey based upon this photographic archive and the extensive written and recorded memoirs of the Dildilian family. A Turkish NGO, Anadolu Kültür organized these groundbreaking exhibitions in the cities of Istanbul, Merzifon, Diyarbakir, and Ankara. While controversial because of the official Turkish state policy of genocide denial, the exhibitions attempted to break the silence about Turkey’s troubled and often violent past. Marsoobian has dedicated the exhibition to Osman Kavala, a morally courageous civil society leader in Turkey who is unjustly imprisoned for his human rights work fostering dialogue between Turks, Kurds, Greeks, and Armenians.

The exhibition texts were written by Dr. Marsoobian, who is Professor of Philosophy at Southern Connecticut State University and is the grandson of Tsolag Dildilian. The exhibition is curated by Isin Önol and designed by Atif Akin and Emile Askey. The family story is recounted in Dr. Marsoobian’s books, Fragments of a Lost Homeland: Remembering Armenia (I. B. Tauris, 2015) and Reimagining a Lost Armenian Home: The Dildilian Photography Collection (I. B. Tauris, 2017). Besides Turkey, exhibitions have taken place in London, Yerevan and Watertown. A major exhibition will open at the Brand Library and Art Center in Glendale, Calif. on March 24, 2018. For more information about this program, contact Dr. Marsoobian at [email protected] or NAASR at or [email protected].

Columbia to Host a Photography Exhibition of the Dildilian Family Archive Organized by Armen Marsoobian

EU and Armenia should take practical steps to bring the new agreement into life – Mogherini

Elizabeth Jabejian
| 09:36 | November 25 2017
Categories
Politics
World

The Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement between Armenia and the EU supports the peaceful settlement of regional conflicts, including Nagorno Karabakh conflict, High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Federica Mogherini said following the signing of the agreement. “We will support the efforts of the OSCE Minsk Group Co-chairs aimed at a peaceful settlement of the conflict”, Mogherini said.

She emphasized that this is the first time the EU signs such an agreement with a member state of the Eurasian Economic Union. Mogherini added that now it’s important that the EU and Armenia take joint measures to bring the agreement into life. According to her, regular monitoring of the works aimed at the implementation of the agreement will be conducted.

Federica Mogherini stressed that the agreement assumes close cooperation in the spheres of transport, energy, people’s mobility, business, investments and trade.

Turkish Press: Turkey sees Nusra Front as main ‘issue’ in post-IS Syria

Elizabeth Jabejian 
Hurriyet, Turkey
Nov 2 2017


Turkey sees Nusra Front as main 'issue' in post-IS Syria



The al-Nusra terror group will be the main issue to deal with in Syria
in the post-Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (IS) period, Turkish
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has said, stressing that targeting
al-Nusra constitutes the "real pillar" of the ongoing Turkish-Russian
operation in rebel-held Idlib.

"After Daesh [an Arabic acronym for Islamic State militant group, IS],
the real issue will be local terror organisations such as al-Nusra.
Some [local groups] will recede while others [IS] will go away
entirely. We want locals to return to their lands in Iraq and Syria.
We encourage moderate opposition groups, the Free Syrian Army [FSA],
to stake a claim on their lands," Erdogan told reporters while
returning from a trip to Azerbaijan late on 31 October.

"This is the fact lying behind the operations we are carrying out with
Russia," Erdogan said.

Ankara and Moscow are co-operating to monitor the ceasefire between
the Syrian regime and opposition groups in the Idlib province of Syria
as part of the Astana Process. Much of Idlib has been under the
control of al-Nusra-linked groups since July.

Recalling that IS had to remove its forces to Deir al-Zour, an
oil-rich region in southern Syria, after leaving Raqqa, Erdogan said
"Deir al-Zour must be cleared of Daesh."

"There are currently around 2,000 Daesh members in Iraq and it
controls only 10 percent of the territory. It is nearly finished and
is running away from there. We will see whether its members will
escape to Africa, the United States, or Europe," he added.

'Solidarity between Turkey and Russia'

As part of the deal in Astana, Turkey is monitoring the ceasefire
inside Idlib and Russia outside the province, and Erdogan said Turkey
is "in solidarity with Russia on Idlib."

"This will also cover Afrin province. Because Afrin could present
threats to us at any moment. Members of the separatist terror
organisation may try to reach the Mediterranean through the north by
occupying Idlib," he added, referring to the People's Protection Units
(YPG), which controls the Afrin canton along the Turkish border.
Turkey designates the YPG as a terror organisation that is the Syrian
branch of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).

Turkey will "never allow the YPG to expand its influence in the
region," Erdogan vowed.

Recalling that Turkey has troops inside Syria even though it has not
been invited by the Syrian state, he noted that the Russians have five
bases in Syria while the U.S. has "five aerial and eight other bases"
there at present.

"I always tell this to those who ask why we are there: There are
terror organisations harassing us from [inside Syria]. We may stage
cross-border operations against them any moment. Manbij, for example,
is fully under the control [of the YPG]," he said.

Talks with Abadi

Erdogan also touched on his talks with Iraqi Prime Minister Haider
al-Abadi in Ankara last week, stressing that the fight against the PKK
was among the issues discussed.

"Armed action against the PKK by the Iraqi central government is out
of the question at the moment. Its priority is Daesh and it does not
want to engage in such a thing before Daesh is fully cleared. But they
have assured us that they will do whatever is necessary to disarm the
separatist terror organisation," he said, adding that Turkey "will not
have to wait for the central Iraqi government in operations against
the PKK.

"We can launch cross border operations if anything negative happens
toward our country, or in the event of a provocation. I have also
explained what needs to be done so that we do not feel obliged to
act," he said.

With the handover of the Ibrahim Khalil border gate to the control of
the Baghdad government from the KRG, Turkey will be able to deliver
humanitarian aid to northern Iraq, Erdogan said, hinting that the aid
may also be sent through Iran, which currently has five border gates
with Iraq.

"Both Iran and Iraq have told us this is possible. We are leaning
toward delivering aid through the central government, since we don't
regard the KRG as our counterpart," he added.

On KRG President Masoud Barzani's recent decision to step down as
leader after the KRG independence attempt failed, Erdogan stressed the
importance of Iraq remaining a "federal entity."

"We think that such integration will benefit all Iraqi people. You see
the recent developments with Catalonia in Spain. Where did the person
who attempted to divide Spain flee? To Belgium," he said.

'Turkmens should return to Telafer'

President Erdogan also stressed the importance of seeing the return of
Iraqi Turkmens to Tel Afar, a northern Iraqi town that was liberated
from IS in early 2017.

"There are around 400,000 Turkmens in Tal Afar. Half of them are
Shiites, half of them Sunnis. Around 100,000 of them fled to Turkey
and the rest are in nearby regions. Our aim is to let them return to
their homes," he said.

Erdogan also addressed his talks with Azerbaijan President Ilham
Aliyev in Baku, noting that the two countries will co-commemorate the
centennial foundation of the Caucasus Islamic Army in 2018.

"Our Azerbaijani brothers wish to build a monument in Gallipoli, so we
have issued necessary instructions to our ministry for the allocation
of a proper site in Gallipoli. Necessary works are now underway," he
said.

Gallipoli on Turkey's northwestern coast was the scene of a major
battle between the Ottoman Empire and the British-led allied forces
during the First World War, which resulted in the defeat of the
latter. The site hosts a number of memorials and monuments in memory
of Turkish, British, French and Anzac soldiers who fought in the
Dardanelles in 1915 and 1916.

Meeting with Putin

The Turkish president said he also discussed the decades-old
Nagorno-Karabakh issue with Aliyev, pledging that Turkey will continue
to stand with Azerbaijan on this issue.

"I will discuss this issue directly with [Russian President Vladimir]
Putin either next week or the week after next. It seems a result on
this issue will be facilitated if Putin really engages with it," he
added.

UAE assists social programs in Armenia

Elizabeth Jabejian 
Armenpress News Agency , Armenia
 Friday


UAE assists social programs in Armenia



YEREVAN, OCTOBER 27, ARMENPRESS. The Embassy of the United Arab
Emirates in Armenia considers social programs a priority. A polyclinic
is planned to be built with assistance of the Embassy in Karbi
village, Aragatsotn province.

Karo Baghdasaryan, head of the Karbi community told ARMENPRESS that
the village needs a new polyclinic.

“An outpatient center is currently operating in Karbi. It is small in
size and it also serves the nearby villages of Saghmosavan, Artashavan
and Ohanavan. I can say that the conditions of the outpatient clinic
are not good. This new polyclinic will have better conditions, new
property and equipment. A separate laboratory is also planned. Under
the program it was suggested for the polyclinic to also have two
patient rooms. This will enable to keep the patient under observation
if necessary”, he said.

If the program proceeds as expected, the polyclinic will begin
functioning in year-end 2018.

The B. Sahakyan School of the village also has cooperation experience
with the Embassy. The school’s principal, Amalya Gharagyozyan,
mentioned that they’ve already received 1,887,000 drams in assistance,
which was used to install new windows and doors.

“We applied for assistance, they told us to present priority programs.
We have an un-fit roof, however the Governor’s Office is assisting and
works are being done in this direction. And we thought to suggest a
program for changing the doors and windows. Our school is being heated
with firewood, and the new doors and windows will help maintaining the
heat”, she said.

Under a new phase of cooperation, new doors will be provided for the
school as well, with 1,400,000 drams planned for the program. The
money has already been transferred, and the work will be done during
the autumn holidays. 245 children study at this school. The principal
mentioned that the school was built in 1972, and needs reconstruction
and re-equipment.

The UAE Embassy in Armenia is also assisting the Vedi Medican Center.
Director of the medical facility Melkon Taloyan says the pediatrics
department will be re-equipped thanks to the assistance.

“We are now renovating the pediatrics department with assistance from
the Governor’s Office. We need to re-equip the department. We were
advised to address the UAE Ambassador. The reply came without delay,
and we will soon have new beds”, he said.

Book: ‘Lucy’s Birthday’: A New Picture Book by an Armenian Mother and Son

Elizabeth Jabejian
Armenian Weekly
Oct 27 2017

By Contributor on

LEVERETT, Mass.—Looking for subject matter for a children’s book, artist and educator Stephen Saxenian found inspiration close to home in an autobiographical children’s story authored by his mother, writer and poet, Lucy Saxenian.

Using watercolor and pencil sketches Stephen brings back to life the story of Lucy’s fourth birthday, a journey and misadventure in the streets of Lowell, Mass., circa 1930.

Stephen’s illustrations capture his mother’s simple, gentle tale that nevertheless contains wit and authenticity. The story as a whole pays tribute to this Armenian immigrant family and their heritage.  Readers of all ages will delight in this tale.

Passing through the old neighborhoods of Lowell, Lucy’s Birthday takes the reader into the heart of the city, up and down the snowy streets, past the park and mills, over the Merrimack River and into her father’s tailor shop as Lucy and her sister go out on a quest for sugar for her birthday cake.

Watercolor by Stephen Saxenian, from Lucy’s Birthday (Watercolor courtesy of Stephen Saxenian)

“A gem…starting with the title. It evolves so effortlessly…and of course, the artwork…what a legacy for all involved,” New York based educator and artist Sona Kludjian said about the new publication.

Lucy’s Birthday, written by Lucy Saxenian and illustrated by Stephen Saxenian, was self-published and is available for purchase online via the following link: http://www.blurb.com/b/7856502-lucy-s-birthday.

ARF Supports Law Against Domestic Violence in Armenia

Elizabeth Jabejian
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A 2011 march in Little Armenia to end violence against women in Armenia, organized by the United Human Rights Council of the Armenian Youth Federation of the Western United States (Photo: Nora Yacoubian)

ARF Leader: ‘I Do Not See [the Law] as a Danger to Our ‘Traditional’ Family Values’

YEREVAN (Armenian Weekly)—Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) Supreme Council representative Aghvan Vardanyan said on Thursday that a proposed bill against domestic violence is not a threat to traditional Armenian family values and that the ARF will support the adoption of the law.

“The heated discussions and the many opposing views—even regarding our society’s value system—are evidence that problems exists within our society. Any manifestation of violence is reprehensible, especially if it is taking place in the family,” Vardanyan noted during an interview with Yerevan-based Yerkir Media.

According to Vardanyan, a law against domestic violence is crucial for Armenia. He noted that the ARF will suggest minor amendments and clarifications to the law.

Vardanyan said that he would like to see more emphasis put on the prevention of domestic violence, in particular.

In the interview, Vardanyan said that the ideas of traditional, national values have been widely discussed since the proposed bill was announced, and that there is a difference between real national values and what he called “pseudo-nationalism.”

“Unfortunately, pseudo-nationalism—which does not stem from our traditional image, our national ideology, or our worldview—is often more prevalent [in Armenia],” Vardanyan said. “The ARF has a value system and it is not pseudo-nationalism.”

According to Vardanyan, the Armenian people have historically been very progressive. “Unfortunately, the absence of statehood, our environment, and our surroundings have often taken us off track. In this regard, I believe that the idea of domestic violence prevention actually stems from our national ideology. The system of values of [12-13th century Armenian scholar and priest] Mkhitar Gosh, who addressed this very issue; of [Armenian mystical philosopher, and theologian Saint Grigor] Narekatsi, [Catholicos Nerses] Shnorhali—not of today’s rabiz singers, or pseudo-nationalists,” he noted.

Vardanyan went on to say that domestic violence must be prevented, to ensure a healthier society. The ARF leader also noted that he agreed with Gyumri-based Archbishop Mikael Ajapahyan—a high-ranking clergyman of the Armenian Apostolic Church, who recently voiced support for government efforts to combat domestic violence—and Armenian intellectual Ruben Babayan, who recently called for further awareness and education surrounding domestic abuse.

“There are families full of love and harmony and there are families in which the most extreme cases [of domestic violence] manifest. These [cases] must be prevented,” Vardanyan noted.

According to Yerevan’s Women’s Resource Center, more than 50 Armenian women have been beaten to death or otherwise killed by their husbands or other relatives in the last five years. “This trend shows no signs of decline… I think this is a very serious number and this process [of a enacting a law] must not drag on further,” said representative Anahit Simonian.

The proposed law was drafted by Armenia’s Justice Ministry last year. If passed, the bill will introduce criminal and administrative liability for specific cases defined as domestic violence. It would also obligate the state to protect victims by providing them with special shelters or banning their violent spouses from approaching them and their children.

the case of stabbing in Yerevan

Elizabeth Jabejian
  • 18:45 | October 18,2017 | Official
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As a result of the necessary investigative actions taken in the criminal case investigated in the Lori Regional Investigation Department of the RA Investigation Committee, the circumstances of the stabbing of the 54-year-old woman in the region were revealed.

According to preliminary investigation, there was evidence that on October 13, 2017, around 10 o’clock, a resident of Lori region, during the cutting of meat at home, had a conflict with his wife, and then hit on the left side of her chest by knife, causing life-threatening bodily harm. The investigation clarified the motive of the quarrel between the spouses.