Professor Garabed Antranikian fahndet nach Extremorganismen

Frankfurter Rundschau
24. Mai 2005

Die weiße Revolution ;
Professor Garabed Antranikian fahndet nach Extremorganismen, die die
industrielle Produktion umweltfreundlich machen

VON JOACHIM WILLE

Es kocht. Es brodelt. Es stinkt. Garabed Antranikian ist in seinem
Element. Der Hamburger Professor kauert am Ufer einer heißen Quelle,
hoch oben in den Bergen der größten Azoren-Insel São Miguel.
Vorsichtig taucht der Wissenschaftler seine Schöpfkelle in das
infernalische Gebräu.

“Man muss schon aufpassen”, sagt er. Die heißen Schwefeldämpfe, die
hier aufsteigen, können einem den Atem nehmen, die Sinne rauben. Ihm
ist es einmal passiert. Beinahe wäre er in der kochend heißen Brühe
gelandet. Die Folgen – lieber nicht dran denken. Trotzdem zieht es
Antranikian immer wieder an solch unwirtliche Orte auf der Erde,
egal, ob heiße Quellen, schweflige Vulkane, salzige Seen, versauerte
Felder. “Ich muss mitkriegen”, sagt er, “wie es da ist.”

Der Hamburger Mikrobioge Antranikian liebt die Extreme. Genauer: die,
die die Extreme lieben, die “Extremophilen”. Das sind
Kleinstlebewesen, die sich darauf spezialisiert haben, in den
unwirtlichsten Umgebungen zu überleben. Bakterien, die bei minus fünf
Grad Celsius gedeihen oder bei plus 103, Bakterien, die es in heißer
Säure aushalten, Bakterien, die sich bei 1000 bar Druck erst so
richtig wohlfühlen.

Doch nicht pure Lust am Wissen, Erforschen, Zurückdrängen des
Unbekannten treibt den Professor um, sondern das Ziel, eine veritable
neue industrielle Revolution anzustoßen. Umweltfreundlich, nachhaltig
und am besten auch noch billiger sollen Produktion und Produkte
werden – durch “weiße Biotechnologie”. Das Potenzial als biologische
Katalysatoren, das in den zwei Mikrometer kleinen Spezialisten aus
den extremen ökologischen Nischen der Erde steckt, scheint riesig.
Dazu nimmt man schon einmal etwas Kraxelei in Kauf.

Von der Straße geht es eine halbe Stunde über schmale Pfade hinauf zu
den heißen Quellen. Einen Expeditionskoffer haben Antranikian und
sein Team immer dabei. Die Proben aus dem brodelnden Wasser füllen
sie in vorher sterilisierte Flaschen ab, dann geht es mit der
unscheinbaren, doch potentiell wertvolle Kollektion wieder hinunter
zum Auto. “Auf São Miguel sind die Bedingungen gut”, erläutert der
Professor. Dort hat die Universität von Acores ein Biotechnik-Labor.
Hier können die Wissenschaftler ihre Proben ohne Verzögerung
untersuchen. Sie isolieren die Mikroorganismen und machen sie
“transportfähig”. Ziel der sich anschließenden Flugreise: ein
Eisschrank im Institut für Technische Mikrobiologie an der TU
Hamburg-Harburg. “Minus 80 Grad” steht an dem weißen Kasten. “Das
ist”, sagt Antranikian, “unsere Schatzkammer.”

Zwei der Kälteboxen stehen bereits im Labor. Vier weitere sollen
hinzukommen, eine davon wird die Mikroorganismen sogar bei Minus 150
Grad frisch halten. Ziel der frostigen Aufrüstung: In dem Institut
entsteht die weltweit größte Genbank von “Biokatalysatoren”.
Antranikian und sein 20-köpfiges Team wollen künftig auf Anfrage von
Unternehmen in kürzester Zeit geeignete Hilfsstoffe für die
Produktion, die so genannten Enzyme, bereitstellen können. Die
aufwendigen Expeditionen wie die auf die Azoren, aber auch in die
Tiefsee vor Japan oder in den Eiskeller der Arktis sind dann nicht
mehr nötig. “Wir tauen die Proben auf, und schon sind die
Mikroorganismen wieder putzmunter”, sagt Antranikians Mitarbeiter
Ralf Grote. Er lacht: “Dann quälen wir sie.” Nämlich, um ihnen ihr
Geheimnis zu entlocken.

Warum die Hamburger Forscher den Aufwand treiben? Die weiße
Biotechnologie gilt als große Hoffnung für den integrierten
Umweltschutz, der bereits in der industriellen Produktion ansetzt und
ökologische Probleme von Anfang an vermeidet. Nachgeschaltete
Schadstoff-Filter werden unnötig, und die Produktion läuft abfallarm
und mit niedrigerem Energieaufwand. Enzyme sind natürliche
Eiweißmoleküle, die chemische Reaktionen beschleunigen und so
Stoffumwandlungen ermöglichen, die sonst nur langsam oder überhaupt
nicht ablaufen. “Sie arbeiten besonders zielgenau”, sagt Antranikian,
“das ist ihr Vorteil.” Besonders vielversprechend, das zeichnet sich
ab, sind sie in der Produktion von Arzneimittelvorstufen, Vitaminen,
Feinchemikalien, Textilien, Papier und Futtermitteln.

Biokraft in der Waschmaschine

Schon heute lässt sich leicht illustrieren, welche Vorteile der
Umstieg von der klassischen Chemie auf biotechnische Verfahren
bringt. “Schauen Sie sich die modernen Waschmittel an”, sagt
Antranikian. “Haben die gleiche Waschleistung bei 40 statt bei 60
Grad, und man braucht weniger Pulver.” Der Clou: Sie arbeiten mit
Enzymen, die aus Bakterien isoliert und dann gentechnisch vermehrt
wurden. Die Energiebilanz lässt sich sehen. Möglicher Einspareffekt
in Deutschland allein durch den Dreh am Temperaturknopf: 1,3
Millionen Tonnen des Treibhausgases Kohlendioxid (CO2).

Oder ein Beispiel aus der Textilindustrie: Durch den Einsatz des
Enzyms Katalase beim Färben von Baumwolle kann der Wasserverbrauch
pro Tonne Textilien um 19 000 Liter verringert werden: Zudem werden
500 Kilowattstunden Strom eingespart. Antranikian verweist gerne
darauf, dass nicht nur kleine Pionierfirmen, sondern auch
Großkonzerne wie die BASF bereits “angebissen” haben. Der
Ludwigshafener Multi, berichtet er, hat den traditionellen,
achtstufigen Prozess zur Herstellung von Vitamin B2 durch einen
einstufigen biotechnischen ersetzt. Ergebnis: Produktionskosten
gesenkt und 60 Prozent weniger CO2.

Doch kein solcher Erfolg ohne besagte “Qual”. Der Institutschef, im
vergangenen Herbst für seine Pionierarbeiten mit dem begehrten Preis
der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt ausgezeichnet, führt gerne durch
das “Folter-Labor” im Erdgeschoss des modernen Institutsgebäudes. Um
heraus zu bekommen, welche in den Industrieprozessen nutzbare
Eigenschaften die Mikroorganismen haben, werden sie in Nährlösung
vermehrt, auf viele Glasfläschchen verteilt und nach allen Regeln der
Wissenschaft durchgecheckt: Man setzt sie Ultraschall, hohem Druck,
großer Hitze aus. Man testet, ob sie saure, basische, salzige,
schweflige Milieus tolerieren. Sie werden gerührt, geschüttelt,
gereinigt, mit dem Gas-Chromatographen untersucht.

Um später im industriellen Maßstab mit Biokatalysatoren arbeiten zu
können, sind die Bakterien in ihrer ursprünglichen Form allerdings
nicht geeignet. “Die Extremophilen vermehren sich zu langsam”, sagt
Antranikian. Hier beginnt der eigentliche gentechnische Teil der
Arbeit. Die Erbgut-Sequenzen geeigneter Mikroorganismen, die für den
Job als “Biokatalysator” zuständig sind, werden herausgeschnitten und
in einen “Wirtsstamm” eingefügt. Das Bakterium Escherichia coli zum
Beispiel, das sich sehr leicht vermehren lässt und auch in vielen
anderen Gentech-Produktionen wie der Insulin-Gewinnung benutzt wird.
“Erst so können die nötigen Mengen der Enzyme gewonnen werden”,
erläutert der Professor. Im Hamburger Institut allerdings werden nur
einfache gentechnische Verfahren benutzt. Dass die Versuche kaum
einschlägige Risiken mit sich bringen, kann man daran ablesen, dass
es ein Sicherheitslabor der untersten Stufe “S 1” ist. Nach einer
kurzen Unterweisung kann jeder es betreten.

Antranikian kommt ins Schwärmen. Im Flur des Labors hängen
Wandtafeln, die illustrieren, was seine winzigen, extremen Freunde
auch noch so alles können werden, wenn man nur die richtigen findet.
Erdöl-verseuchte Anlagen dekontaminieren, Wolle so glätten, dass sie
nicht mehr kratzt, Holz und andere nachwachsende Rohstoffe
enzymatisch so aufspalten, dass sie fast alle Grundmaterialien für
die Chemie und Treibstoffe liefern.

Ungenutzte Bio-Abfälle

Stichworte: Bio-Kunststoffe und Bioalkohol. Nach Antranikians
Berechnungen würden bereits die ungenutzten Biomasse-Abfälle in
Forst- und Landwirtschaft ausreichen, um daraus 40 Prozent der heute
produzierten Chemikalien herzustellen. Allerdings: “Vom Himmel fällt
das nicht”, sagt der Professor. Mehr Forschung sei notwendig, vor
allem: “Wir müssen mit unseren Alternativen mindestens so billig sein
wie die herkömmliche Produktion. Sonst stellt niemand um.” Ein wenig
sehnsüchtig schaut Antranikian in die USA, wo die weiße
Biotechnologie mit über 100 Millionen Dollar jährlich gefördert wird.
Und klagt: “Davon sind wir weit entfernt.”

Immerhin scheint die Politik in Berlin inzwischen aufmerksam zu
werden. Wirtschafsminister Wolfgang Clement (SPD) brach jüngst eine
Lanze für das “wichtige Handlungsfeld für eine nachhaltige
Wirtschaftspolitik”. Und sogar die Gentechnik-kritischen Grünen
sprechen sich für die “weiße” Variante aus. “Da war ich platt, wie
offen die dafür sind”, sagt Antranikian.

Doch selbst wenn einmal alle Forscherwünsche in Erfüllung gingen – in
der Arktis würde er selbst niemals nach Extremophilen fahnden: “Da
ist es mir zu kalt.”

Beherrscher der extremen Mikroben~ Professor Garabed Antranikian ist
armenischer Abstammung. Er wurde 1951 in der jordanischen Hauptstadt
Amman geboren, ging in Jerusalem zur Priesterschule und studierte in
den 70er Jahren Biologie an der renommierten amerikanischen
Universität in Beirut. Seinen Plan, die akademische Laufbahn danach
in den USA fortzusetzen, scheiterte an den Wirren in dem damaligen
Bürgerkriegsland. Der Weg zur US-Botschaft in Beirut, bei der er eine
Aufenthaltsgenehmigung beantragen wollte, war zu gefährlich. Die
deutsche Botschaft lag günstiger, und so kam Antranikian an die
Universität in Göttingen. Er promovierte dort 1980 am Institut für
Mikrobiologie und Genetik. 1989 wurde er Professor für Mikrobiologie
an der Technischen Hochschule Hamburg-Harburg. Seit 2003 leitet er
das neu eingerichtete Institut für technische Mikrobiologie, das
stark mit der Industrie zusammenarbeitet. Professor Antranikian ist
Inhaber von mehr als 100 Patenten. jw

NATO Develops Coop. with South Caucasian and Central Asian Countries

Pan Armenian News

NATO DEVELOPS COOPERATION WITH SOUTH CAUCASIAN AND CENTRAL ASIAN PARTNERS

24.05.2005 05:40

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ The NATO intensifies relations with partners in the South
Caucasus and Central Asia, NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer
stated today. In his words, the NATO has `to view some regions from a joint
trans-Atlantic point of view.’ `It is justified in case of the Caucasus,
Central Asia and the Near East,’ the NATO Sec. Gen. added. `The search for
ways of influence upon positive developments in these region should have the
nature of joint trans-Atlantic efforts, otherwise chances for success are
little,’ he added. He also noted, `we use the NATO to stimulate the
trans-Atlantic approach in question.’

System’s creative overload

Los Angeles Times
May 22, 2005 Sunday
Home Edition

POP MUSIC;
System’s creative overload;
Sold-out theaters. An oddly functional partnership. A double dose of
new music. These guys certainly proved the industry wrong.

by Richard Cromelin, Times Staff Writer

System OF A DOWN’S singer Serj Tankian and guitarist Daron Malakian
are as oddly matched as the components of their band’s epically
disjointed music.

With his Rasputin look and guru’s serenity, Tankian sits on
a dressing-room couch backstage at the Gibson Amphitheatre and
contributes concise observations and epigrams (“The future doesn’t
exist, my friend — we’re making it right now”) to the interview.

Malakian, eight years younger at 29, is a prototype rock dude with
a sensitive streak, and he seems full of nervous energy as he sits
beside his bandmate, talking in rushes punctuated by loud laughs.

“Daron is a true artist,” says Rick Rubin, who has produced or
co-produced all four of System’s albums, including the new “Mezmerize,”
for his American Recordings label. “He doesn’t really live in the
world. He lives in a bubble and the bubble is filled with music. All
he does is listen to music and play music all day every day. He’s got
no interests or hobbies or social life or any of those things…. I’m
not saying it’s healthy, but it makes for good music.”

That’s a matter of taste, of course, but even critics who generally
avoid the harder stuff have developed a soft spot for the Los Angeles
band’s unlikely, unpredictable juxtapositions of heavy rock riffing
and mock-operatic declamation. By turns surreal, absurd and pointedly
political, System’s music is what you might get if the Marx Brothers
took possession of Metallica and hired Frank Zappa as arranger.

As unconventional as it is, it has also become extremely popular. An
hour after the interview, Tankian and Malakian join drummer John
Dolmayan and bassist Shavo Odadjian in front of a full house at
the 6,000-seat amphitheater for their annual “Souls” concert, which
commemorates the Armenian genocide of the early 1900s.

When the band takes the stage and launches into its new radio hit
“B.Y.O.B.,” the audience explodes in greeting. These fans have been
waiting a long time since System’s last formal album, “Toxicity,”
came out in 2001.

Sparked by the hit singles “Chop Suey,” “Toxicity” and “Aerials,”
the album sold 3.5 million copies in the U.S. and established System
as a genre unto itself, with one foot in a form of heavy art-rock
and the other in traditional headbanging. So anticipation was at a
high pitch for its return to concerts and for last week’s release of
“Mezmerize,” which is expected to contend for the No. 1 position on
the national sales chart.

*

Creative chemistry altered

It looks like business as usual for System of a Down, but behind
the statistics and below the surface, internal balances have shifted
significantly, and creative ambitions have risen.

“If you go back to the first discussion [the band] ever had about this
record, maybe years ago,” says Malakian, “it was about stretching it,
about not repeating ourselves, trying to do other things.”

As potent and provocative as the new album is, it’s only half the
story. As they recorded, they found themselves juggling too many songs
for one CD, and rather than release a double-disc set or two separate
albums at the same time, they assembled “Mezmerize” for release now and
set aside a second full album, “Hypnotize,” to come out in the fall.

And the album reflects an altered creative chemistry. Malakian has
always been the primary musical force, writing most of the music and
co-producing with Rubin, but on “Mezmerize” he asserts a much more
prominent presence as lyricist and singer.

“I was a little nervous at first because I felt that I needed to sing a
little bit more on these songs, but I wasn’t sure how that would affect
the band’s sound,” says Malakian. “Till now Serj’s voice has been the
main voice of System, and now I’m coming in a little bit more…. You
know, you try things, you’re not sure how they’re gonna come out.”

Adds Tankian, “People look at us, they look at MTV or whatever, ‘This
guy does this, this guy does this.’ None of us are that isolated. We
do a lot of different things…. I think it’s good for people to see
that and not have us in our little walls.”

“There’s an interesting balance in the band,” notes Rubin, “because
most of the musical ideas start with Daron, but then Serj brings a
kind of poet’s mentality to it. It’s that combination that really
pushes the envelope and makes it so extreme.”

The devilishly complex single “B.Y.O.B.,” a montage of desert-warfare
images that hammers the insistent questions “Why don’t presidents
fight the war? Why do they always send the poor?” exemplifies that
byplay, with Malakian’s metal riffs and catchy chorus integrated
with his partner’s edgier collection of shrieks and “la la la la la”
interjections.

“Mezmerize” packs plenty of System’s familiar visceral punch and
jerky, eccentric cadences, with a cleaner sound and even faster tempos
elevating the sheer thrill of the musical chase.

But the album introduces other new elements. Synthesizers and Vocorder
form the setting for “Old School Hollywood,” a quirky account of
Malakian’s day at a celebrity baseball game at Dodger Stadium. “Lost
in Hollywood” is an emotive ballad in a David Bowie vein. And there
are tight vocal harmonies that inspired them to joke in the studio
that they were the black-metal version of Simon & Garfunkel.

In “Violent Pornography,” Malakian recoils from the images offered by
contemporary media; in the soaring, sorrowful chorus of “Sad Statue,”
he imagines the Statue of Liberty weeping over the polarization of
U.S. society.

“I find it to be the tone of the times, when you’ve got red and blue
[states],” he says. “The Statue of Liberty stands there and is for
freedom for all and unity and liberty and all the things that we’re
proud of in America, and it’s crying — it’s kind of a picture you
paint, looking out to modern-day America.”

Not everything is so clear, though.

“I don’t know, man, just a lot of crazed stuff’s going on personally
and in the world, and it’s a reflection of that…. A lot of these
songs I’m still figuring out. What they came from, what they’re
about…. To me, they all have something personal intertwined with
something bigger than just personal, this big social thing….

“People see it as political a little too much, in my opinion. I don’t
think it’s politics that we’re going for. I think it’s more raising
questions — questions that I think people need to ask themselves
before they make big decisions on anything in life, whether it’s
politics or religion or raising their kids, I think they should raise
questions that aren’t asked by the television necessarily.”

*

Compromise-free zone

In the patio area backstage before the concert, the four band members
circulate through a crowd of friends and relatives. The scene is
more family reunion than rock-show party, and it’s a reminder of the
close-knit community that nurtured the musicians

Tankian, Malakian and Odadjian all attended the same private Armenian
school in Hollywood, and the singer and the guitarist later teamed up
in a band called Soil. When Odadjian became the bassist, System of a
Down began its long march in 1995. Dolmayan joined as drummer in 1996.

When the band started playing local clubs it attracted an audience,
but not much encouragement from the music industry. “Don’t scream,
kid, you’re never gonna get signed,” says Tankian with a smile,
recalling unwanted advice from record company people.

Tankian kept screaming and the band kept touring and expanding
its audience. Rubin signed them in 1997, and their fans’ requests
finally forced the single “Sugar” onto the radio. Now they’ve sold 10
million albums worldwide, and in a hard-rock genre that’s struggling
commercially and creatively, they are, in Rubin’s words, “the only
heavy band that matters.”

Most important to the musicians, they’ve done it without making
any compromises.

“We’re not catering to anybody but ourselves,” says Malakian. “All that
makes our success beautiful, because we’ve had so many people say we
can’t make it, whether it’s because of our culture, our looks…. I
can’t tell you how many different things they’ve told us aren’t gonna
work with System of a Down, and the fact that we can be successful
and not be made by a machine is a big deal for us.”

GRAPHIC: PHOTO: THEY WERE WRONG: Tankian says the typical advice from
record company people was, “Don’t scream, kid, you’re never gonna
get signed.” PHOTOGRAPHER: Gina Ferazzi Los Angeles Times PHOTO:
UNPREDICTABLE: The surreal, political alt-metal of System of a Down
comes from Shavo Odadjian, left, Serj Tankian, Daron Malakian and
John Dolmayan. PHOTOGRAPHER: Gina Ferazzi Los Angeles Times

Abzug nach Armenien?

Abzug nach Armenien?

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
20. Mai 2005

M.L. MOSKAU, 19. Mai. Die beiden letzten russischen Militärstützpunkte
in Georgien in den Städten Batumi und Achalkalaki werden auf das
Gebiet der Rußländischen Föderation, ein Teil der militärischen
Kampfausrüstung jedoch möglicherweise nach Armenien verlegt.

Das hat der Generalstabschef der russischen Streitkräfte, Jurij
Balujewskij, am Donnerstag in Moskau angekündigt. Balujewskij meinte,
diese Lösung würde es ermöglichen, die Frist für den Abzug aus
Georgien zu verkürzen. Denn Rußland sei nicht in der Lage, innerhalb
der ins Auge gefaßten Abzugsfrist von vier Jahren im Lande selbst
alle Voraussetzungen für die Verlegung zu schaffen. Im armenischen
Gumra unterhält Rußland nach Angaben der Nachrichtenagentur Interfax
einen Militärstützpunkt. Die auf den beiden Stützpunkten in Georgien
stationierten Verbände sind etwa 5000 Mann stark und unterstehen
der Gruppe der russischen Streitkräfte in Transkaukasien, deren
Stab sich in der georgischen Hauptstadt Tiflis befindet. Rußland
hatte sich 1999 auf dem OSZE-Gipfel in Istanbul zum Truppenabzug
verpflichtet und bisher auch zwei der vier Stützpunkte in Georgien
aufgelöst. Bislang konnten sich Moskau und Tiflis aber nicht über
die Bedingungen und die Fristen für den Abzug aus den verbleibenden
beiden Stützpunkten einigen.

–Boundary_(ID_9IaVmGRDvM2yOAR6UhmYwg)–

Sober is back with a vengeance!

Softpedia
May 16 2005

Sober is back with a vengeance!
Category: SOFTPEDIA NEWS :: Security :: Viruses

A new version of Sober is spreading hate messages

A new version of Sober emerged this week-end. If the first time Sober
tries to trick users promising free tickets to World Cup 2006, this
time the virus spreads hate messages, in English and German.

Scott Chasin, chief technology officer at e-mail security specialist
MX Logic, said the latest variant of Sober, called Sober.Q was
being uploaded to computers infected by previous variants of Sober,
which means the virus authors may have remote control over thousands
of PCs. Chasin said also that it had seen over 125,000 instances
of Sober.Q overnight Saturday and into Sunday and labeled it as a
high-severity threat.

The latest Sober variant is one of a relatively new type of “propaganda
spam,” meant to spread political messages rather than sell a product
or service.

According to Sophos, spam sent by the Trojan horse from infected
PCs uses various subject lines including: ‘Dresden Bombing Is To Be
Regretted Enormously’, ‘Armenian Genocide Plagues Ankara 90 Years
On’, ‘Dresden 1945’ and ‘Turkish Tabloid Enrages Germany with Nazi
Comparisons’.

The Trojan drops a file onto infected PCs including links to online
news stories about previous versions of the Sober worm and the text:
“Ich bin immer noch kein Spammer! Aber sollte vielleicht einer werden
:)”, which translates to “I’m not a spammer, but perhaps I should
become one :)”.

“Thousands of innocent computer users are unknowingly spewing out this
unwanted mail as the Sober author has taken control of their PCs,”
said Graham Cluley, senior technology consultant at Sophos.

Reno Harnish: We will do our best to repeal Section 907 againstAzerb

Pan Armenian News

RENO HARNISH: WE WILL DO OUR BEST TO REPEAL SECTION 907 AGAINST AZERBAIJAN

19.05.2005 03:32

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ “Azerbaijan considers the US its strategic ally,”
Azeri Defense Minister Safar Abiyev stated at a meeting with the
US Ambassador and representatives of Capstone group, reported the
525 Baku newspaper. He noted that with the support of the US the
implementation of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan project was possible. “We
would like the US to further increase its active involvement in the
solution of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict,” the Minister said. On
behalf of the Azeri people he also expressed concern that the Section
907 of the Freedom Support Action, passed by the US Congress over
Azerbaijan in 1992 is not still repealed. “Today’s Armenia’s policy
is composed of continuing the occupation, forgery of the history,
deception of the world community, representing the Armenian people
as a one that has experienced many sufferings. I state we will not
give even an inch of our land to anyone. If the Nagorno Karabakh
conflict is not solved, there will be no tranquility in the South
Caucasus,” Abiyev emphasized. Ambassador Harnish stated that the
visit of the Capstone group evidences the US is the strategic ally
of Azerbaijan. Referring to a statement of President George Bush made
in Tbilisi, the diplomat accentuated that the US will always support
the independence of the Caucasian peoples.

“The US will always continue military cooperation with Azerbaijan. We
will do our best to repeal the Section 907 of the FSA,” R. Harnish
stated.

Vartan Oskanian: Armenia Is Determined To Complete Fulfilment Of Its

VARTAN OSKANIAN: ARMENIA IS DETERMINED TO COMPLETE FULFILMENT OF ITS OBLIGATIONS TO COUNCIL OF EUROPE BY THE END OF THIS YEAR
YEREVAN, MAY 18, NOYAN TAPAN. At the May 18 meeting with the newly
appointed Special Representative of CE Secretary General to Armenia
Boyana Urumova, Armenian Foreign Minister Vartan Oskanian underlined
the importance of the current stage of fulfiling by Armenia its
obligations to the Council of Europe, in particular the implementation
of the constitutional reforms. He assured that the Armenian side
is determined to complete its obligations by late 2005. V. Oskanian
attached importance to the mission of Special Representative of CE
Secretary General within the context of cooperation between Armenia
and CE. According to the RA MFA Press and Information Department,
issues realted to the Nagorno Karabakh conflict settlement and the
Armenian-Turkish relations were also discussed at the meeting.

Armenian Architecture Exhibition Dedicated To 90th Anniversary OfArm

ARMENIAN ARCHITECTURE EXHIBITION DEDICATED TO 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF ARMENIAN GENOCIDE HELD IN GOTEBORG

GOTEBORG, MAY 18, NOYAN TAPAN. On the initiative of Union of Armenian
Associations in Sweden (UAAS) and the Armenian Church and Cultural
Organization of Goteborg, the second city of Sweden, launched on
May 10-13 an exhibition dedicated to the 90-th anniversary of the
Armenian Genocide. Beside the several Armenians, who participated in
the opening ceremony, Counsellors for Swedish and Catholic, as well
as representatives of Orthodox, Serbian and Armenian Churches and
members of Swedish local authorities were among the guests, told Katrin
Hakopian, the Representative of Armenians in Goteborg. The main focus
of the exhibition which is titled Armenian Architecture Heritage in the
South Caucasus is on Armenian architectural monuments scattered across
Turkey, a great majority of which was also subjected to “genocide”
alongside with annihilation of Armenians in 1915 and later. The major
objective of the exhibition is to draw European’ attention to what
a country desires to join their ranks. The exhibition has first
displayed in European Parliament, Oslo in Norway, in Swedish cities,
and is scheduled to display in Riga, capital of Latvia at the end
of May. The opening ceremony which introduced by Kevork Artin and
Katrin Hakopian was followed by speech of Bertil Bengtsson, the
author of newly published book, The Year of The Sword. He concluded
his speech with the absolute necessity of pressure applied by the
international public opinion on the Turkish government in order to
achieve recognition. The cultural events of the program consisted
of spiritual Armenian music performed by Lena Vartanian, piano,
and Hrant Mardirosian, violin, who played work of Comitas and Aram
Khachatouryan. The exhibition was co-organised by Assembly of Armenians
of Europe (AAE), prepared by Research on Armenian Architecture
(RAA) and assisted by Swedish educational organisation of “BILDA”
and Orthodox co-operation committees.

ANKARA: Gen. Basbug Meets Azeri Defense Minister Abiyev

Gen. Basbug Meets Azeri Defense Minister Abiyev

Turkish Press
Published: 5/18/2005

BAKU (AA) – Turkish Deputy Chief of General Staff General Ilker Basbug
has indicated today (Tuesday) that the relations between the Turkish
Armed Forces and Azeri Armed Forces are at a level to make friends
happy and enemies concerned.

“This is my first visit of Azerbaijan. I am very pleased to be in
Azerbaijan. There are many countries with which Turkey has brotherly
ties. Azerbaijan is our true brother. Former President of Azerbaijan
Haydar Aliyev described Turkey and Azerbaijan as one nation, two
states,” told Basbug.

Azeri Minister of Defense Sefer Abiyev has remarked that Azeri-Turkish
relations are very prominent for Azerbaijan. “The political lines
between our two countries have shown development since Azerbaijan’s
independence. We have witnessed close ties in politics, economics
and military related fields,” expressed Abiyev.

Abiyev commented that Turkey has shown remarkable support of Azerbaijan
within the framework of NATO Partnership for Peace program. “We are
thankful to the Turkish government and the Turkish Armed Forces for
their continued support of Azerbaijan,” noted Abiyev.

Abiyev said that the issue of Upper Karabagh was discussed with
Basbug. “Turkish Premier Recep Tayyip Erdogan met the Azeri President
Ilham Aliyev in Warsaw on May 15th. Mr. Erdogan has re-affirmed
Turkey’s solid stance on the Azeri-Armenian dispute,” mentioned Abiyev.

General Basbug visited Turkey’s Ambassador in Baku Morali after his
contacts at the Azeri Ministry of Defense.

NA Deputy President made the announcement on the basis of gossips

NA DEPUTY PRESIDENT MADE THE ANNOUNCEMENT ON THE BASIS OF GOSSIPS

A1plus
| 13:56:37 | 18-05-2005 | Economy |

Vahan Hovhannisyan from the Revolutionary Federation announced
yesterday that the Russian businessmen are worried about the
anti-competition state of our country and they see serious dangers for
the business relations with Armenia. He also said there are serious
problems in the country.

The NA deputy President took as ground for his announcement the
points of view of the businessmen representing the Southern parts
of Russia. They think that making investments in Armenia is risky as
there are economical monopolies.

Today Pavel Ghaltaghchyan, deputy head of the Economical Competition
Defense Committee, introduces two interesting points of view about
Vahan Hovhannisyan’s announcement. First: the anti-monopoly committees
regulating the economy sphere are different in different countries;
Armenia has adopted the principle of having a regulating committee,
and Russia – that of having an anti-monopoly committee, but there
are monopolies in both countries. Second: the concern of the NA
deputy President was born because of several gossips, complaints of
businessmen and announcements of Mass Media.

Pavel Ghaltaghchyan did not accept the fact of blaming the Committee
for laziness, “I do not think Vahan Hovhannisyan has blamed us for
being lazy”.