Author: Hunanian Jack

TURKMEN CRISIS IN THE IRAQI CONSTITUTION ON THE WAY
by Mahir Nakip

Zaman, Turkey
Aug 24 2005

According to Arab, Turkish and Western sources, Muslim convert Turkmen
breaking away from Central Asia started to immigrate to Iraq during
the last decades of the Abbasids and settled in central and northern
Iraq as tribes during the Seljuk era in 1055.

The Kizilbash (literally “redhead”) Turkmen were attached to these
settlements during the Safavi dynasty and they composed the basis of
today’s Shiite Turkmen society in the region. According to Kerkuk
(Kirkuk) demographic records prepared by Matrakci Nasuh, clerk
of Ottoman Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent when the Ottoman army
was returning from the Bagdat (Baghdad) conquest through Kirkuk,
Turkmen living on the Baghdad-Kirkuk route were Kizilbash and those
living in the Kirkuk Castle were Sunni. Immigration from Anatolia
to northern Iraq has been low since it began after Ottoman Sultan
Murad IV’s re-conquest of Baghdad. Those emigrating from Anatolia
to northern Iraq settled in Musul (Mosul), Erbil (Arbil), Kirkuk,
and Baghdad. Thus, current Turkmen settlements begin with Tel Afar,
which is near the Iraq-Syria-Turkey border, go through Mosul and Arbil,
and intensify in Altunkopru, Kirkuk, Dakuk, and Tuzhurmati. They lose
density in Hanekin and Mendeli close to the Iranian border of central
Iraq. The geographical band created by the Turkmen population includes
a buffer zone clearly separating the Kurdish region from the Arab
region. Turkmen live intermingled with Kurdish and Arab societies in
settlements near this band.

Turkey’s Turkmen policy

British control dominant in the region in 1918 perceived Turkmen as
descendants of the Ottoman Empire and the young Republic of Turkey
after 1924. Yet, it did not ban the use of Turkish as the official
language in Turkmen public offices, schools, courts, and press because
of a necessity felt for it. Treatment during the period of the kingdom
was no different to this. However, the Iraqi Communist Party trying to
seize power after proclaiming of a republic on 14 July 1958 reached an
agreement with some Kurdish political groups, who were their equivalent
and viewed Turkmen as potential spies working on behalf of Turkey. They
also accused them of being Turanists (ultra-nationalists) and Turkey
followers. Former Turkish Prime Minister Adnan Menderes had ensured
Turkey’s acceptance as a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
member by pursuing a pro-American policy against the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics (USSR). Accusations directed against Turkmen at
that time can be seen as the outcome of Turkey’s pro-American policy.

The main reason of the Turkmen’s exile from Kirkuk to the south firstly
by the Baath Party in 1968 and secondly by Saddam Hussein in 1979 was
to banish them from oil resources and Turkey’s borders. As a matter
of fact, when Saddam ordered the execution of four prominent Turkmen
in 1980, Turkey was disturbed by these executions. If Turkey still had
citizens in Iraq from the Ottoman times, it should come and take them;
said Saddam during a television broadcast after hearing that Turkey
was disturbed by the executions.

Developments after the March 2003 war confirmed the above opinion. It
was observed that Turkmen, who were rapidly becoming organized, had
brought their Iraqi identity to the foreground in all their political
formations. All statements by these political formations aimed at
Iraq’s territorial integrity and the Iraqi people’s brotherhood. They
did not lower Iraqi flags, loot state buildings, and start fires
around in Kirkuk, Tuzhurmatu, and Tel Afar, where their population
density is high. As a result, there was almost no Turkmen among those
captured for petty offences and imprisoned during this period. Indeed,
Turkmen also neither resisted nor took up arms against the Baghdad
administration in earlier political periods. They never organized
secret organizations either for independence or to bind them to
another country. It has not even been recorded in various histories
that Turkmen killed either an Arab or a Kurd for political reasons,
although they have been subjected to many massacres by other societies
in Iraq. That is to say, although others have violated their rights,
Turkmen have never violated the rights of Arabs or Kurds. Turkmen
are known as pacifists, intellectuals and the learned society in
Iraq. They have never taken part in fanatic political streams during
the last 100 years. For instance, as Arabs and Kurds have acquired a
communist party, Turkmen have never had a communist party. They have
also never become a member of the Iraqi Communist Party, which has
displayed considerable political activity in Iraq.

Today, there are only a few Islamic Turkmen parties and they have
never been seen being involved in fanatic political acts.

Currently, three different Turkmen political masses are marked on
the Iraqi political terrain. They are nationalists, Shiite-inclined
groups and those having close relations with Kurdish political
groups. These groups have a total of 15 seats in the Iraqi National
Assembly today. When observed their political programs, declarations
and rhetoric, and significant differences of opinion are visible, but
none of them has the notion or the inclination to separate from Iraq.

Turkmen within Iraq have not been able to form an official political
party before 2003 as Baghdad governments have refused to permit it.

Still, the Turkmen Brotherhood Hearth formed with the permission of
Baghdad in 1960, and Mosul and Arbil offices of this hearth contributed
to Turkmen uniting under the same roof and carrying out their cultural
existence. As Turkmen tried to preserve their national identity,
they also showed a unique example of democracy in Iraq.

This institution elected its president, executive boards and sub study
commissions in a democratic way until 1977. This platform even set the
stage for groups with a different understanding of public service to
encourage competition between them. The institution was handed over
to a controlled team forcefully and the anti-democratic method used
by Saddam’s order in 1977 prevented Turkmen from conducting activities
in a democratic environment.

No place for Turkmen in the new Iraqi constitution

When we collect all the significant data, we see that Turkmen
voluntarily respect Iraqi territorial integrity, and are far from
racist and fanatic or aggressive in their views; but are a democratic
society that is peaceful, cultivated, having no dispute with anyone.

In this case, Turkmen may be perceived as a plaster that may bond
Arabs and Kurds, smothering their extreme activities and fill the
emptiness and gaps between them. As they did in their former regions,
Turkmen may take the political role of a strong, impartial and just
bridge between the two societies. Turkmen may be accepted as a good
balancing element; moreover, they may arbitrate in some ways to the
controversial issues since half Turkmen are Shiites and the other
half are Sunni. The differences of the sects never divided the Turkmen.

Upon the current situation, what do Iraqi policy-makers or policy
engineers, in fact, think about Turkmen? The first draft of the
permanent Iraqi Constitution will be handed around; however, the
rights of Turkmen remained extremely under the rights given at the
interim Iraqi Administration Constitution that came into force two
years ago. I wonder why Turkmen are always excluded from the system.

Does their exclusion derive from all segments or is it the doing of
a certain segment? Undoubtedly, we know there are serious conflicts
between Arabs and Kurds and even among Arabs themselves. Sunni Arabs
already object to the inclusion of ethnicity in the constitution.

Shiite Arabs, on the other hand, oppose nationalism as a sect;
however, they look at Turkmen being registered as the third nation
affirmatively in order to oppose the Kurds. Since there are so many
controversial issues between Arabs and Kurds, most of them do not want
to become involved in a new controversial topic. Furthermore, as far
as it is seen, since Kurds and Shiites share many common interests,
both parties demand the adoption of a decision by compromise. Let
us get to the Kurds… It is obvious that the Barzani group looks
at Turkmen with a hostile attitude. The most delicate part of that
is the knot in the Kirkuk issue. If Kurds were not the majority in
Kirkuk, many hindrances for their acceptance as the third nation
would be removed today. According to Barzani’s team, if Turkmen are
considered as the third nation, Kurdistan’s annexation of Kirkuk will
be toughened. Since Turkmen will be perceived as an asset, they will
be required to sit at the table to reach a conclusion on Kirkuk’s
future. Turkmen’s fate seems mostly to be indexed to Kirkuk. Turkmen
should be regarded as a separate entity from the Kirkuk issue in
order to gain their rights. Turkmen being considered the same as
Keldoashuris, Armenians, Subbis and Yezidis whose total population
barely reach one million is also the messenger of a new conflict.

Then, instead of waving at least 2.5 million Turkmen aside by
underestimating or announcing them as a minority, and perceive them
as the third major element and oblige them to a mission and a duty it
may result in more beneficial consequences in terms of Iraq’s future
while settling democracy and providing permanent peace in Iraq. The
most legitimate ground for this will be the Iraqi Constitution that
is being prepared. Approving Turkmen as the third largest element in
the new Iraqi Constitution will provide all Turkmen the chance to say
“YES” in the referendum and will prevent their opposition after being
dragged into the equation without a doubt.

*Professor Mahir Nakip is Erciyes University Faculty Member

A SOCIETY IGNORANT IN JUDICATURE
By Susanna Margarian

AZG Armenian Daily #150

25/08/2005

Concern

“Most of the citizens applying to courts are illiterate and are
unaware of their rights and obligations”, Razmik Tovmasian, first
instance judge in Malatia-Sebastia borough of Yerevan, says. This
fact, he argues, immensely complicates the procedure, as neither
plaintiff nor respondent are able to convey their thoughts. “Though
we have convenient compound and good working conditions, the citizens’
ignorance of judicature throws us into despair”, says the judge adding
that citizens having applied to the court often get sidetracked,
going into unimportant details, even absurdities.

The judge cites evil tongues saying that there are even ignorant judges
in Armenia and asks: if this is the case, what should we expect from
common people? The reason our society is so ignorant in legal matters
is in its low standard of life, my interlocutor says with concern in
his voice. Most of the civil cases that Mr. Tovmasian investigates deal
with arguable issues connected with debts, apartment and land deals,
alimony payment, divorce etc. Most of criminal cases are minor theft
and drug taking.

It’s not hard to guess that most of Armenian citizens do not turn
to private lawyers to help them understand their interests and
laws. Though various international organizations try to promote basic
literacy in judicature, their work is reminiscent of spooning out
water from the sea.

AZG Armenian Daily #149, 24/08/2005

Home

‘PEOPLE ARE WELL AWARE OF OUR POLITICAL FIGURES’, ARTUR BAGHDASARIAN SAYS

Artur Baghdasarian, chairman of RA National Assembly, paid a working visit
to Vanadzor, on August 20. He met with the residents of the city at the
Vanadzor State Theater. They came to meet him and share their problems with
him. The Vanadzor people were concerned about such issues as the payment of
pensions, the salary raises, the prices for healthcare services, the
necessity to open school for aesthetic education for the children and many
other issues. Naturally, they were mostly concerned about launching
“Prometey” plant. Artur Baghdasarian also emphasized the importance of fully
launching this chemical plant, as in that case, that would be possible and
necessary to open a series of other relative plants. But Mr. Baghdasarian
said that the state isn’t capable of sponsoring its activities, at present.

The residents of the city were also concerned about issues of local and
personal character. They inquired from Mr. Baghdasarian about the order of
electing the mayor of Yerevan, as well. They expressed the idea that the
elections should be direct. Mr. Baghdasarian assured that the relevant
constitutional amendments do not envisage indirect elections only, but in
this case, the increase of the board’s members secures fair elections.

Vanadzor residents also inquired why the representatives of the opposition
hold aggressive speeches, while the coalition members seem to be refrain
from them. Artur Baghdasarian emphasized that the society has already
recognized the aggressive speakers and all the rest, adding that they are
well aware of the political figures of our country. Mr. Baghdasarian advised
to vote for the people who are really concerned about the bright future of
our country.

By Nana Petrosian

Foreign Minister Leaves for Moscow

Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov has left for Moscow to attend a
meeting of the CIS foreign ministers due on Tuesday.

Mammadyarov will meet with his Armenian counterpart Vardan Oskanian
in the Russian capital on Wednesday.

During the meeting to be attended by the co-chairs of the mediating
OSCE Minsk Group, the two ministers will exchange views on the
unresolved issues and preparations for the August 26 meeting of Azeri
and Armenian presidents Ilham Aliyev and Robert Kocharian in Kazan,
Russia on the sidelines of the CIS summit.

European official, Azeri media chiefs, rights activists discuss
Karabakh, polls

Lider TV, Baku
22 Aug 05

[Presenter] The president of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council
of Europe [PACE] held his first meeting with human rights activists
and mass media chiefs today.

[Correspondent over video of closed doors] The meeting held behind
closed doors focused on the situation in the run-up to the [November
parliamentary] election in the country, the participation of NGOs in
the parliamentary election and the Nagornyy Karabakh conflict.

[Unidentified rights activist] He listened to us. He did not express
his opinion. He only asked us questions and we answered them.

[Rights activist Saida Qocamanli] He familiarized himself with the
situation in the run-up to the election and the problem of political
prisoners. We assess positively the work carried out in this sphere by
a [presumably, PACE] working group which has been established
recently. Moreover, we drew attention to the Nagornyy Karabakh
problem. The PACE president noted that NGOs and the public should
boost their efforts in this sphere as they are not strong enough in
Azerbaijan.

[Correspondent] The PACE president later met representatives of the
local mass media and familiarized himself with the media’s current
situation and its role in the election. Mr Rene van der Linden said he
expected the forthcoming parliamentary election to be free and
fair. He believes that normal conditions will be created for
representatives of the fourth estate to cover the process.

[Editor of Gun newspaper Arif Aliyev] The meeting initially focused on
the media issue. It was not discussed separately, but as an element of
society. They want to know to what extent the media in Azerbaijan is
independent and how much of political influence they have. As far as I
understood, they want to know the media’s reaction in case there are
some changes in the Nagornyy Karabakh problem. The media’s role in the
Nagornyy Karabakh problem was discussed individually. Naturally, the
third issue was the election and expectations in this regard. They
want to know about the media’s current resources, the level of its
preparedness for these issues and its behaviour at that time.

The Messenger, Georgia
Aug 22 2005

PACE President reminds Georgia of CoE duties

Official also praises direction of reform and calls on Georgia to
take greater role in regional conflicts

By Nino Kopaleishvili

Rene van der Linden

Georgia should fulfill the commitments it took before the Council of
Europe while becoming a member state, announced the President of the
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) Rene van der
Linden at a press conference in the Parliament of Georgia on Sunday,
August 21.

Linden stressed that the Georgian government should pay more
attention to the 2005 recommendations of the Council of Europe and
the Venice Commission.

However, he also underlined “the great progress” Georgia has made
since the Rose Revolution, stating that the country is going in the
right direction.

“You have a strong position, a strong developed civil society and
independent media,” he stated.

Nonetheless, he urged the Georgian government to “speed up the
process” of implementing the recommendations and obligations to the
COE. He also urged the Georgian Parliament to accelerate the
ratification of EU conventions.

In a resolution adopted in January 2005, PACE gave Georgia deadlines
of September this year to sign and ratify the European Charter for
Regional and Minority Languages and the European Outline Convention
on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Communities or
Authorities, and to ratify the European Social Charter and the
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.

Also by September the government is expected to adopt a legal
framework for restitution of ownership or compensation for property
lost during the conflicts of the early 1990s. The CoE’s Venice
Commission has also called on Georgia to revise the constitutional
structure of regional governance and the autonomy of Adjara.

The PACE president also talked about Georgia resolving “regional
conflicts.” He highlighted Georgia’s chances to support peace in the
South Caucasus region and to play “an outstanding role between
Armenia and Azerbaijan” on solving the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

“Georgia must become an example for the whole region,” he stated.

Linden, who was elected to office last January to replace Peter
Schieder, visited Armenia before coming to Georgia and left for
Azerbaijan on August 21. This is the first visit of Linden to all
three South Caucasus countries.

During his visit to Georgia from August 20 to 21, Linden met with
Prime Minister of Georgia Zurab Noghaideli, Deputy Speaker of
Parliament Mikheil Machavariani, Patriarch of Georgia Ilia II,
representatives of opposition parties and NGOs.

“Georgia must become an example for the whole region” – Rene van der
Linden
Declaring that civil society is quite strong in Georgia, Linden
called on the opposition to establish more cooperation with each
other.

“He said we should seek strength and a reliable partnership with each
other,” confirmed Republican MP Levan Berdzenishvili after
a meeting with the PACE president.

As Linden stated, the main thing the COE is concerned with in Georgia
is the independence of the judiciary and election committees.

At Sunday’s meeting, the opposition parties also raised the issue of
interim elections and asked for COE’s monitoring.

“We mainly raised the issue of interim elections on October 1 and
asked the president of the Parliamentary Assembly to intensify
monitoring during the election campaign as well as on the day of
voting. And we received consent from the side of the commission that
such monitoring will be there from their side,” said Conservative MP
Zviad Dzidziguri.

Linden stated later at the press conference that the COE does not
implement monitoring of interim elections, but he still stressed the
importance to hold transparent interim elections.

Linden also commented on the 7 percent threshold in the parliamentary
proportional elections admitting that “it is too high,” although he
added the lower threshold “would not change the situation.”

“So I appeal to the opposition parties to use the opportunity to
cooperate together,” he stated. “But, of course, we expect that the
threshold will be diminished.”

According to Republican MP Levan Berdzenishvili during the meeting
with opposition parties, the issue of media independence,
self-governance issues and Georgia’s pace to EU integration process
were discussed. Berdzenishvili also commented that besides talk of
“negative trends” that have emerged in Georgia, both sides positively
evaluated indicators of economic progress and education reforms.

“I hope that the Council of Europe will manage to get the Georgian
government on the right track to democracy and… recommendations of
the Venice Commission and legislative initiatives will be really
looked through,” stated Berdzenishvili.

Talking to journalists on August 20 after meeting the president of
PACE Prime Minister Zurab Noghaideli stressed that it is important
for the Georgian government to fulfill EU recommendations.

Commenting on the law on self-governance and whether the Mayor should
be elected directly or indirectly, a subject which became an issue of
hot debates in recent months in Georgia, Linden stated that “the COE
will never interfere in the choice of member states.” Coming from the
Netherlands Linden stated that all mayors in his country are elected
by the government, however, he admitted that he himself is “in favor
of a directly elected mayor.”

Armenian leader, Council of Europe official discuss constitutional reforms

Public Television of Armenia, Yerevan
19 Aug 05

Armenian President Robert Kocharyan and the president of the
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Rene van der Linden,
have discussed the progress of fulfilment Armenia’s commitments to the
Council of Europe and especially the process of constitutional reforms.

The Armenian president said he was confident that the constitutional
reforms were important for Armenia in the first place. Kocharyan said
constitutional reforms were part of his election platform back in
1998 and that they were to ensure balanced relations between different
branches of powers.

Kocharyan rated highly the assistance of the [Council of Europe]
Venice Commission and said the reforms should fully meet European
standards. A referendum [on constitutional reforms] due to be held
in November is of special importance for Armenia and the authorities
will be consistent in order to achieve success, Kocharyan said.

GAGIK HAKOBIAN CHAMPION OF VETERAN CHESS PLAYERS OF ARMENIA

YEREVAN, AUGUST 19, NOYAN TAPAN. The championship of veteran chess
players of Armenia, in which 32 sportsmen at the age of 60 and
above participated, finished. Gagik Hakobian, a master of sport,
won the first place and the title of the champion of Armenia. He had
7 victories in the 9 rounds of the championship held by the Swiss
contest rules, he finished two meetings drawn game and got 8 points.
G.Hakobian won a right to participate in the 2005 World Championship
of veteran chess players. Eduard Mnatsakanian, an international master
won the 2nd place with 7.5 points. Adolf Demirkhanian, a candidate for
mastery, got 6.5 points and became the 3rd prize winner. Organizers
of the championship defined 7 monetary prizes for participants played
with greater success. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd prize-winners got monetary
awards of 100, 60 and 30 thousand drams correspondingly.

WMD real threat requires adequate response – Gen Mylnikov
By Vladimir Zainetdinov

ITAR-TASS News Agency
August 17, 2005 Wednesday 9:25 AM Eastern Time

AKTAU, Kazakhstan, August 17 — Chief of the CIS Anti-Terrorist
Centre Colonel-General Boris Mylnikov called for searching for new
ways and methods to step up special services’ efforts in the fight
against terrorism.

He spoke at the opening of an anti-terrorist command staff exercise
in the Caspian region.

Mylnikov said on Wednesday, “The threat is very real that terrorists
can use weapons of mass destruction.” “Thus, special services,
security agencies and law-enforcement agencies should join efforts
to search for new ways and methods to adequately react on the threat
posed by international terrorism.”

At present, the CIS Anti-Terrorist Centre is working on a list of
terrorist and extremist organisations, which act in the territory
of CIS countries. “The list is being finalised by CIS security and
special services,” he added.

At the same time, Mylnikov noted, “Different approaches towards this
problem and the lack of universal legislative mechanisms prevent
us from making up a global list to be approved by the international
community.”

The threat posed by terrorism to CIS states comes from Afghanistan,
he said. “The situation in the country (Afghanistan) is quite far
from being stable due to the Moslem world’s reaction on the events
in Iraq. The situation in the country may explode on any time,”
Mylnikov said.

Instability in Afghanistan and growing activity by terrorist
organisations complicate the situation in Central Asia, Mylnikov said.

The Afghan society is on the brink of another civil war and this may
have adverse effects on the situation in the whole region of Central
Asia,” Mylnikov said.

He recalled that secret services back in 2002 warned that the leaders
of Al-Qaeda and Taliban had regrouped their forces with the aim to
destabilize situations in Central Asian countries. In their efforts
they have extensively used the terrorist organisation Hizb ut-Tahrir,
banned in many countries.

“Last May’s unrest in the Uzbek city of Andijan was a confirmation of
this. As it has been established, Hizb ut-Tahrir militants participated
in violence there that claimed 176 lives,” the chief of the CIS
Anti-Terrorist Centre said.

Taking part in the anti-terrorist exercise in the Caspian are the
chiefs of anti-terrorist units and secret services from Azerbaijan,
Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Ukraine, Moldova,
Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, as well as officials from the Russian
Emergency Situations Ministry, the Collective Security Treaty
Organisation, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the CIS
anti-aircraft defence allied command.

Officials from the Iranian Security Ministry attend the exercise in
the capacity of observers for the first time.

PRESS RELEASE
Never Again~Y Campaign
Alpha Epsilon OmegaSM,
The Armenian Fraternity
Contact: Narek Zohrabyan
P.O. Box 280053
Northridge , CA 91328-0053
E-mail: [email protected]
Web:

Alpha Epsilon OmegaSM, The Armenian Fraternity, has raised over $10,000
dollars for the Never Again~Y Campaign. The Never Again~Y Campaign was
started on the initiative of bringing greater awareness to the Armenian
Genocide and supporting organizations that are actively perusing
the education, remembrance and recognition of the Armenian Genocide.
Through the contributions of our supporters we were able to donate:

$3,500 to the Armenian Genocide Museum and Memorial, Inc

$3,500 to the Zoryan Institute of Canada, Inc

$3,500 to The Genocide Education Project.

These organizations are at the forefront of spreading awareness of
the Armenian Genocide The organizations above were chosen by the
Never Again~Y Campaign for their continued efforts in educating the
public, conducting research, and persuing the recognition of the
Armenian Genocide. The operations of each respective organization
play a crucial role in preventing future genocides. .

The Armenian Genocide Museum and Memorial, Inc (AGMM) is a nonprofit
organization, which is related to the Armenian National Institute
(ANI). The AGMM activities are expected to include owning, operating,
and maintaining a permanent museum and memorial to the victims and
survivors of the Armenian Genocide in Washington D.C.; commemorating,
remembering, studying, and interpreting the particular and universal
lessons of the Armenian Genocide and related issues, including
those of contemporary significance; securing universal affirmation
of the Armenian Genocide; supporting the prevention of genocide;
and presenting permanent, rotating, and traveling exhibits, as well
as memorial and public programs, in support of these programs. For
more information on AGMM visit

The Zoryan Institute of Canada, Inc along with the Zoryan Institute
for Contemporary Armenian Research and Documentation combined form
an international center devoted to the research and documentation
of contemporary issues related to the history, politics, society,
and culture of Armenia and Armenians around the world. Research is
conducted both to document past and current events, and to analyze
their impact on individuals and institutions in Armenia and the
Diaspora. The Institute strives to develop a framework within which
people can understand and participate in conceptualizing the critical
and fundamental issues dealing with current and future challenges
within a global context.

The Genocide Education Project is a nonprofit organization whose
mission is to help prevent genocide by assisting educators, students,
and educational organizations with teaching and learning about genocide
and other major human rights violations, with specific focus on the
Armenian Genocide. For more information on The Genocide Education
Project visit

We would like to thank those who contributed to the Never Again~Y
Campaign by donating, sponsoring and wearing the Never Again~Y
awareness wristbands in remembrance and in recognition of the
Armenian Genocide. Through their assistance we were able to bring
greater awareness to the Armenian Genocide and the struggle for its
recognition. By continuing to wear the wristbands we are preventing
future genocides, serving as a constant reminder that history, if
not accounted for, is in danger of repeating itself. The recognition
of the Armenian Genocide should not be considered a struggle for
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against humanity.

If you would like to donate or become a sponsor of the Never Again~Y
Campaign, or would like to learn more about the Never Again~Y Campaign
please visit, .

Thank You,
Narek Zohrabyan
Alpha Epsilon OmegaSM,
The Armenian Fraternity
Contact: Narek Zograbyan
P.O. Box 280053
Northridge , CA 91328-0053
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: