One-way odyssey

The Age, Australia
Sept 23 2004

One-way odyssey
September 23, 2004

Exciting jobs created by the Olympics have made young Greek
Australians want to stay in Athens. Victoria Kyriakopoulos reports.

Four years ago, Melbourne chef Costa Garyfallou quit Australia to try
his luck in Greece, curious about the heritage he had resisted for
most of his life.

His first taste of Greece had been during a working European holiday
in 1997 and he was determined to return and see more of the country
his parents had left behind. In 2000, he did six months in the Greek
army to get his Greek citizenship before landing a job in one of
Athens’ trendy new restaurants.

Since then, Garyfallou, 32, has cooked Australian-style fusion at
leading restaurants in Athens, Mykonos and Santorini, spent a summer
as the chef on a private cruiser, and cooked for the Prime Minister
and Greece’s top businessmen, actors and celebrities. This year he
landed the plum job of executive chef at the Karaiskaki soccer
stadium, cooking for 1500 people a day during the Olympics.

“The irony is that the land of opportunity for me has been Greece,”
says Garyfallou, who grew up in Keilor Park and learnt his craft at
Melbourne restaurants including Cafe e Cucina in South Yarra. “Doors
opened for me here that I couldn’t have dreamed of in Australia.”

Garyfallou is part of a small but steady wave of young Greek
Australians who have been drawn back and are thriving in the country
their parents or grandparents forsook to give their children a better
life.

But in contrast to their parents, who migrated to Australia as
largely uneducated, unskilled workers, this generation has returned
to Greece equipped with education, professional skills and
confidence. To their surprise, many are finding themselves staying.

“I came here to find out what my heritage was about. It’s something
that I came to embrace late. Before that I was almost anti- Greek. I
didn’t even want to speak Greek,” Garyfallou recalls. “Greece gives
me work and it gives me a good life and lifestyle and it gives me
history, culture and a sense of belonging.

“I can’t see myself going back (to Australia). Here I work to live
not live to work. It’s not a work ethic but a life ethic. It’s just
that I’ve now split the family in two.”

More than 40,000 Greek Australians are estimated to be living
permanently in Greece, a reverse migration that began in the 1970s,
when some families started returning while their children were
relatively young. Others, many of them young women, came to Greece
for a summer holiday and ended up getting married and staying. Others
have come back to retire.

While most Greek Australians feel a strong sentimental pull, Greece
was until recently seen as a great place to visit but not to live.
Few seriously contemplated leaving steady jobs in Australia to work
in the urban jungle of Athens. But Greece today is a far cry from the
poverty-stricken country their parents left. And in the past five
years, Athens has developed rapidly.

Melbourne architect Kalliope Malapani, 34, was one of many Greek
Australians who jumped at the chance to work in Athens for the
Olympics, arriving at the end of 2000 to work on the design of the
stadiums. She has since taken a longer-term job that allows her to
stay on indefinitely.

While Greece’s notorious bureaucracy remains a major source of
frustration, Malapani says she takes the negative in her stride and
uses the experience she gained in Australia to her advantage. “One of
the fantastic things about professional life in Australia is they
take you and, if you have smarts, they push you. You can be well
rounded at a relatively young age. Here the 35-year-olds don’t have
the confidence.”

She is thrilled that her Greek is now good enough to be making
presentations in Greek architecture-speak. Malapani feels something
innate and comfortable about living in Greece, but she is still torn
about whether she will make the choice for life. Feeling
professionally challenged is paramount, but social and emotional
aspects weigh heavily on her decision. “Part of what drove me here
was a need to live my culture, and then maybe reject it and put it in
a box, but I remember thinking when I came here how far it had
slipped away from me.

“It’s a complex and beautiful city and country, and I am challenged
on all levels. It’s enlivening and you are not getting into the rut
that can exist in professional and social life in Australia.

“But having been given the gifts of Australia, and coming here and
making an intelligent, informed choice to stay, it’s very difficult.”

While her family in Melbourne is proud she got the Olympics job, no
one anticipated it could be a permanent move. “I think they feel some
sort of comfort from the fact that they know the environment I have
put myself in, but if I called up and said `Mum I just met a Greek
and I am about to commit to living here,’ I don’t know what they
would say.” For men, a major deterrent has always been the mandatory
military service, but these days many are opting to do a commuted
six-months’ service to secure citizenship and a coveted EU passport.

Shipping lawyer George Panagopoulos, 35, has just finished his stint
in the army, clearing the way for a future in Greece. He moved to
Piraeus, the heart of Athens shipping industry in 2001, from London,
and later joined the international firm Richards Butler.

“The opportunity arose to come here and it was too good to refuse,
professionally and in all sorts of ways. I know both cultures and
both languages and it was a great way to utilise all my skills.”

With the Olympics and the introduction of a common European currency,
the timing could not have been better. “Professionally it’s been a
good place to be. The work here is very interesting, it’s very
international and probably more international that I would have been
doing in Australia.”

Panagopoulos has no short-term plan to return to Australia but does
not discount the possibility. “If I was going to leave Greece I would
go back to Australia. I think it is a bit easier to bring up a family
there. But Australia is not like it used to be. It is a totally
overregulated society in many ways. Greece is still quite liberated.”

Panagopoulos, an only child, says his parents, who are retired and
spend time in Greece, have been positive about his decision, and are
even considering returning themselves. “I think they are going to
come back for good if I don’t go back to Australia.”

Not everyone has that option, and many families are dealing with the
trauma of being split again, with children and grandchildren now
living in both countries. In one family all three children moved back
to Greece, leaving their parents alone in Australia waiting until
they were eligible for their pensions.

Musician Hector Cosmas was drawn to Greece in 1998 by the music, but
has now married and started a family in Athens. A third-generation
Australian, he arrived in Greece with his violin, very poor Greek and
a passion for rebetika (Greek blues) and traditional Greek music.

“A lot of Greek Australians of my generation come to Greece on
holidays and feel some sort of connection to this place. For a Greek
musician that connection is something more.

“I felt that in Australia I was stagnating a little and I knew that
if I wanted to grow as a musician this was the place to be. I didn’t
really think about where I would be 10 or 20 years down the track.”

Cosmas has been playing with one of the most established rebetika
musicians and has had the opportunity to work with some of the finest
artists in the country. He married a Greek-Canadian in 2000 and has
two children. “Athens has improved dramatically as a place to live,”
he says. “As a musician I can see a future here for myself and I can
see us being here long-term, but when you have a family with kids
there are other considerations.

“But for now Greece is home.” Cosmas believes Australia has gone
backwards in terms of multiculturalism, and has become more
xenophobic. “There have been lots of times in the last few years that
I’ve felt glad I’m not living there.”

Tania Nassibian, 25, has been in Greece for five years making a
career as a singer, recording two CDs with Sony Music and
collaborating with some of Greece’s leading artists. “I never thought
I’d work here. It never crossed my mind, but I have loved the
experience. I’m happy that I’ve finally learnt Greek. I have family
here and it was a good opportunity to get to know them.”

Nassibian grew up in Sydney where her Greek mother ran a folkloric
dance school and her Armenian father ran a business. She had finished
school and was living in Paris when she was offered the recording
contract in Greece.

Nassibian, who sings in English, Greek and French, is now trying to
break into the international scene and expects to stay in Greece for
the short term at least.

“I love Greece. It is the land of opportunity because you can do
whatever you want. I have enjoyed my life here but I’ve also
struggled a lot because of the disorganisation. I don’t think that
I’d like to permanently stay here,” she says.

“I have sacrificed my family and I never expected to be overseas for
so long. I love the craziness of Europe but I also miss the
Australian way of life, and I miss my brothers and dad. “Australia
has everything except the life and spirit that Europe has. I have a
feeling I will end up in Australia. The ideal thing would be to have
a house there and a house here.”

“Cilicia” On Its Way To Cilicia

“CILICIA” ON ITS WAY TO CILICIA
By Tamar Minasian

Azg/am
17 sept 04

On September 21-23 “Cilicia” will reach the territory of the historical
Cilicia. Alexander Margarian, member of “Ayas” Marine Research Club,
informed Azg Daily about this. He sailed on the ship till Athens. At
present, he is in Armenia and is coordinating the works on the
shore. “Cilicia” is sailing to Syria, Latakia, from Beirut. He will
leave for the historical Ayas, Korikos. The sailors say there is almost
nothing today in Korikos. But sailing by the coasts of Cilicia is a
tribute to our history, ancestors and a display of historical interest.

“We will receive permission to enter the harbor just before approaching
it,” Alexander Margarian said. “No problems occurred till now. I am
hopeful we will not have them this time too,” he added. In case of
getting the permission, the ship will find shelter in the harbor,
if not they will merely sail around “the Armenian waters.” After this
voyage of tribute in the marine territory of the historical Cilicia
the ship will return to Athens.

Libaridian Seminar at NAASR

PRESS RELEASE

National Association for Armenian Studies and Research
395 Concord Ave.
Belmont, MA 02478
Phone: 617-489-1610
E-mail: [email protected]
Contact: Marc Mamigonian

GERARD LIBARIDIAN TO OFFER SEMINAR
ON “ARMENIA TODAY: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS”
AT NAASR CENTER

Prof. Gerard J. Libaridian, Alex Manoogian Visiting Professor of
Modern Armenian History at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, will
conduct a one-day seminar on “Armenia Today: Problems and Prospects”
at the National Association for Armenian Studies and Research. It
will take place on Saturday, October 9, 2004, at the NAASR Center,
395 Concord Ave., Belmont, MA. The seminar will run from 9 a.m. until
4 p.m. with breaks for coffee and lunch.

Prof. Libaridian’s seminar will serve as a follow-up to his
well-received October 2003 seminar “Making Sense of the Armenian
Republic,” at the end of which Libaridian said he had only gotten
through a portion of what he had to say on the subject. “Armenia Today:
Problems and Prospects” offers both to those who attended last year’s
seminar as well as newcomers the opportunity to gain even greater
understanding of the complexities of modern Armenia.

In addition to Libaridian, NAASR’s program of adult education seminars
and mini-courses has included such authorities as Harvard University
Prof. James R. Russell, Prof. Simon Payaslian of Clark University,
Dr. Suzanne Moranian, and Dr. Barbara Merguerian. This series of
courses represents a new aspect of NAASR’s ongoing efforts to give
the public access to leading Armenian Studies scholars and their
research in an in-depth and meaningful fashion.

Focus on Recent Developments in Armenia and Karabagh

The seminar will explore the most recent developments in the Armenian
Republic in the areas of politics, economics, and foreign policy,
including the Karabagh negotiations. It will attempt to view these
developments from a variety of perspectives which will lead to
assessments regarding future developments.

Special attention will be paid to the actions and strategies of the
opposition parties and the response of the government beginning in
April 2004, the implications of these positions for the development
of democracy and economic viability, as well as for the resolution
of the Karabagh problem.

Experienced Scholar and Policy Maker

Gerard J. Libaridian received a Ph.D. degree in history from the
University of California, Los Angeles, and served as an advisor to
President Levon Ter Petrossian of Armenia from 1991 to September 1997.
During his time as a presidential advisor he served as Senior Advisor
for foreign policy and security issues (1994-97), First Deputy Minister
of Foreign Affairs (1993-94), negotiator for the Karabagh conflict,
and coordinator of conflict-related policy in the office of the
President. He is the author of Armenia at the Crossroads: Democracy
and Nationhood in the Post-Soviet Era, The Challenge of Statehood:
Armenian Political Thinking Since Independence, and most recently
Modern Armenia: People, Nation, State.

Admission is open to all, but enrollment will be limited in order to
encourage active discussion and interaction. It is strongly urged
that participants register by October 1. Please contact NAASR for
information about registration fees.

The NAASR Center is located near Belmont Center and is directly
opposite the First Armenian Church and next to the U.S. Post Office.
Ample parking is available around the building and in adjacent areas.

More information on Prof. Libaridian’s seminar or about NAASR and
its programs for the furtherance of Armenian studies, research, and
publication may be had by calling 617-489-1610, by fax at 617-484-1759,
by e-mail at [email protected], or by writing to NAASR, 395 Concord Ave.,
Belmont, MA 02478.

BAKU: ‘Jokes’ from Iranian President

‘Jokes’ from Iranian President

AzerNews, Azerbaijan
Sept 16 2004

Iran is ready to assist in the peace settlement of the Garabagh
conflict and Tehran is capable of making every effort in doing so,
the Iranian President Mohamed Khatami said in a meeting with Armenia’s
Yerevan state university students and faculty. Khatami visited Armenia
for two days last week.

“We honor the principles of territorial integrity and sovereignty and
support a peace settlement of the conflict. Iran particularly respects
Armenia, and we are ready to take specific steps in this direction”,
Khatami said. The Iranian President emphasized the importance of
eliminating sources of tension in the Caucasus, as “the regional
countries need to develop, which is possible only in the conditions
of peace”.

Khatami addressed the issue of South Azerbaijan in conclusion.
“Annexation of South Azerbaijan to the Azerbaijan Republic is the
funniest joke in the entire history of Iran.” Khatami explained this
by the fact that Iran has recognized the Azerbaijan Republic, and that
residents of Northern Iran have contributed greatly to stability and
the development of culture, history, science, politics and industry of
Iran. “We have no claims on Azerbaijan, but if the issue of unification
is raised, from the historic standpoint, northern Azerbaijanis will
aspire to establish closer ties with their Southern neighbors, but
not the other way round”, Khatami added.

Ferry repairs suspend cargo exchanges between Russia, Armenia

Ferry repairs suspend cargo exchanges between Russia, Armenia
By Tigran Liloyan

ITAR-TASS News Agency
September 13, 2004 Monday

YEREVAN, September 13 — All haulage of cargo between Russia and
Armenia by motor vehicles has been suspended as Bulgaria’s Meridien
Company that operates the Burgas-Poti-Novorossisk navigation line
linking Bulgaria to Georgia to Russia has notified its partners that
it suspends operations until September 27 because the ferry needs
repairs, CEO of Yerevan-based Apaven Company Gagik Agadzhanian told
Itar-Tass on Monday.

“The suspension of the operation of the Bulgarian ferry is giving rise
to new problems for the Armenian national economy. Armenia has no
common border with Russia and the two countries’ exchanges of goods
have to use first the Black Sea routes and then rely on transit via
Georgia,” he said.

At present, 25 heavy trucks with goods from Russia are en route to
Armenia. It is not clear when they will be able to reach destination.

T.O. filmmaker documents Silent Genocide

T.O. filmmaker documents Silent Genocide
By Rebecca Whitnall, [email protected]

Ventura County Star, CA
Sept 10 2004

Dr. Michael Hagopian speaks for those who no longer can. He’s a
storyteller by trade and his medium is film.

Much of his 90 years has been spent documenting a genocide that to
this day goes unheard of by even the well-educated and unrecognized
by many governments, including our own and countries involved in the
atrocities, he says.

In April 1915, the annihilation of almost 1.5 million Armenians
began. It is referred to as the Silent, or Secret Genocide.

Despite the great number of Armenians who lost their lives, Hagopian
isn’t shocked more people don’t know about it.

“I’m not surprised because there’s not been as much publicity,”
Hagopian said. “There is a lesser presence in the world of Armenians
than Jews. Also, there weren’t photographers and film because it was
much longer ago (than the Holocaust).”

The Turkish Ottoman empire claims the deaths were the result of civil
war. Hagopian’s films document that there was nothing civil at all
about these deaths.

Half-century of work

Most witnesses are now dead; the youngest remaining survivors would
be 86 now. Hagopian, however, has been filming interviews for more
than 50 years and has created what is reportedly the most complete
collection of testimonies about the Armenian genocide in the world.

His requirement in interviewing witnesses is that they were at least
10 when they witnessed the deaths, providing a more accurate account
than younger children could.

The Armenian Film Foundation, of which Hagopian is a founder and
chairman, is completing work on its third film in a trilogy, “The
Witnesses,” which documents the genocide.

“Caravan Along the Euphrates,” the series’ third film, incorporates
survivor accounts selected from the collection of more than 400
interviews filmed by Hagopian on four continents. The film’s target
release date is next year, coinciding with the 90th commemorative
year of the genocide and 35th anniversary of the film foundation.

The first film in the series, “Voices from the Lake,” was the
first feature-length documentary on the genocide and focuses on the
day-to-day tragedies that occurred in the city of Kharpert, Hagopian’s
hometown, where much of the annihilation took place.

“It was the city of no return for Armenians,” he said. They were
taken there but never able to leave.

The second film in the series, “Germany and the Secret Genocide,”
is set against the backdrop of World War I. It weaves interviews and
letters written by genocide survivors, with witnesses and experts in
the field to examine Germany’s involvement in the mass killings of
Armenians at the hands of the Turkish soldiers.

The organization’s films have won numerous awards, including the
prestigious Golden Camera Award in the history category from the U.S.
International Film and Video Festival, the largest festival of its
kind. It specializes in documentary, informational and industrial
films.

Hagopian also owns Atlantis Productions. He works from his home in
Thousand Oaks, where he lives with wife, Antoinette, and one of his
four children.

He has a doctorate in international relations from Harvard University,
is a graduate of University of California, Berkeley, and has done
more than two years of graduate work in cinema at the University of
Southern California.

Also, he has taught at a number of colleges and universities, including
the University of California, Los Angeles, where he was first inspired
to create documentaries.

Young filmmaker

Hagopian was unimpressed with the quality of a film presented by a
colleague as a possible teaching aid.

“It was very simplistic. I thought I could do better,” he said,
even though photography was only a mild hobby.

With that purpose in mind, he began looking for employment at
international universities and finally accepted a position at the
American University of Beirut in Lebanon, for the grand annual salary
of $2,000.

For a year he shot foot after foot of film and sent it back to an
adviser in the United States for critique.

He had no way of viewing the footage himself and his improvement
relied entirely on advice received.

The project begins

The following year, he shot 30,000 feet of film on the Nile, from
which he culled two movies. They won first prize at the Cleveland
Film Festival.

Encouraged, he went on to study filmmaking at USC.

“It wasn’t til 1965 that a community leader approached me and said
he wanted to mark the 50th anniversary of the genocide,” said Hagopian.

He agreed to work with the group and in a matter of weeks produced
a show for KCOP TV in Los Angeles titled “Where are My People.”

He said it was the first documentary on the secret genocide.

“It was a lamentation in a way, asking where these people are,”
he said.

His next film on the subject was the Emmy-nominated “Forgotten
Genocide.”

“Up til that time, I was doing them as individual films under the
Atlantis Production label,” he said.

The Armenian Film Foundation was established in 1969.

Though he tests the films by screening preliminary shows with members
of the foundation, he mostly works on them alone.

When working with a number of interviews and others’ stories,
“You let the film direct you,” he explained. “Once it directs you,
you do a lot of testing.”

But the creation, he said, “is kind of a one-man enterprise.”

“Documentary filmmaking is somewhat like being an artist. You can’t
make a statement by committee,” he said. “Do you think Michael Moore
works by committee?”

Hagopian said art films differ from documentaries in the way audiences
react to them.

“In art films, you’re expressing yourself, but I need to take the
audience into consideration,” he said. “If they don’t understand what
I’m saying, there’s no point.”

‘Asian Earth’

Hagopian’s next endeavor will be to revisit “Asian Earth,” a film
he made about life in India. “I think it’s my best work. It’s got
everything in it: life, marriage, death.”

The idea with this project would be having someone revisit the areas
covered in the film 100 years after the original footage was shot to
compare the way of life of people in both periods.

He also will be archiving the thousands of feet of film he’s taken
over the years for “The Witnesses.”

The foundation is looking at proposals by different agencies to take
on the job.

“I’m trying to tell the survivors’ stories,” he said.

“With such great violations of human rights there are lessons to
be learned.

“It’s a story that needs to be told.”

Tempers flare over issue of NK “souvenir” currency

TEMPERS FLARE OVER THE ISSUE OF NAGORNO-KARABAKH “SOUVENIR” CURRENCY
Elizabeth Owen 9/07/04

Eurasianet Organization
Sept 7 2004

Over the past month and a half, two souvenir currency notes from
Nagorno-Karabakh have unleashed a storm of accusations and
counter-accusations between Azerbaijani officials and representatives
of the Armenian-controlled, self-styled republic of Nagorno-Karabakh.

Nagorno-Karabakh “souvinir” 10-dram note

On the surface, the red and green notes, which have no monetary
value, seem harmless enough. One diplomat even compared the notes to
money used for the board game Monopoly. But for those directly
involved in trying to achieve a Karabakh peace settlement — in
particular the governments of Armenia and Azerbaijan, along with
Karabakh Armenian leaders — there is nothing about that is taken
lightly about the 1988-94 conflict.

At present, the Karabakh peace talks are deadlocked. Azerbaijan is
adamantly opposed to any political arrangement that leaves Karabakh
outside its jurisdiction. Armenia, meanwhile, will not accept a
settlement that restores any level of Azerbaijani control over the
enclave. [For background see the Eurasia Insight archive].

For Baku, the two-dram and 10-dram notes represent an attempt by the
enclave to burnish its image as an independent entity. “Despite the
fact that this is not real money, we cannot accept this and we
strongly oppose any attempt at creating this currency,” said Fikret
Pashayev, economic counselor at the Azerbaijani embassy in
Washington, DC. “It could create further tension in the region.”

For Armenian leaders in the Karabakh capital of Stepanakert, the bank
notes are seen as an attempt to reinforce their republic’s right to
exist. “Of course, my government is involved in this,” said Vardan
Barseghian, the US representative of the self-declared
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. “We see this as a promotion for
Nagorno-Karabakh.”

The bills are meant not only to reinforce a sense of national
identity, said Barseghian, but, also, to encourage outside investors
and even tourists to venture into the remote, mountainous region.
Among the attractions touted for potential visitors are the 13th
century Gandzasar Monastery, once a residence of the head of the
Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Church.

Still, for a publicity campaign, details have been scarce. Posing as
currency collectors, correspondents from the Baku-based daily
newspaper Echo found out that the notes had been printed by
Österreichische Staatsdruckerei, the Austrian State Printing House, a
200-year-old company now in private hands. The order was placed by
the Educational Coin Company, a wholesale numismatic firm located in
Highland, New York.

Barseghian characterized the print run as “not very large,” but could
not give an estimate of overall sales. The project, he stressed, “is
more of a souvenir type thing.”

That fact, however, apparently has yet to register with individuals
selling the souvenir currency on the online auction site E-Bay.
Prospective buyers have been told that the drams are already in use
in Nagorno-Karabakh, described as “a breakaway region in Armenia.” In
late August, bidding reached a high of $6.50 for a pair of two-dram
and 10-dram notes.

Azerbaijani diplomats in Washington raised the matter with the US
State Department, Pashayev said, and reportedly received assurances
from US officials that the Educational Coin Company could face “very
severe punishment” if it continued with its promotion and
distribution plans for the Karabakh currency.

Images of the Nagorno-Karabakh currency have been removed from the
Educational Coin Company’s website. David Laties, the company’s
secretary-treasurer, declined all comment on his firm’s deal with
Österreichische Staatsdruckerei. The State Department did not respond
to a request for information on its own role in the affair.

“They [the Educational Coin Co.] need to be careful when they get
involved in something that has a political side,” Pashayev said.
“After all, if some Armenian company tried to print money for Texas,
no one in the United States would support this, either.”

Meanwhile, representatives of Azerbaijan’s embassy to Vienna filed a
complaint with the Austrian government and met with Reinhart
Gausterer, director general of Österreichische Staatsdruckerei, Echo
reported. In a telephone interview from Vienna with EurasiaNet,
Valentin Inzko, head of the Austrian Foreign Ministry’s department
for the South Caucasus, stated that Austria has subsequently allayed
all of Azerbaijan’s concerns.

“Azerbaijan understands that we are not involved in this, and that
our position on Nagorno-Karabakh is unchanged,” Inzko said. “This is
a discussion between two private companies.”

The Azerbaijani response to Nagorno-Karabakh’s currency venture comes
as no surprise, Barseghian stated. “Azerbaijan reacts to everything,”
he said. “They don’t like anything.”

“What’s the big deal?” he went on to say. “The Nagorno-Karabakh
Republic has been developing for the last 15 years. Azerbaijan has no
influence whatsoever on what¹s going on in Karabakh.”

Editor’s Note: Elizabeth Owen is a is a freelance writer specializing
in political issues in the Caucasus.

Singapore tops Indonesia in Tiger Cup warmup

Sports Illustrated
Posted: Saturday September 4, 2004 12:16PM; Updated: Saturday September 4,
2004 12:16PM

Singapore tops Indonesia in Tiger Cup warmup

SINGAPORE (AP) — Goals from Noh Alam Shah and Indra Sahdan Daud
gave Singapore a 2-0 win over rivals Indonesia in the Tiger Beer
Challenge trophy as the two Southeast Asian nations began tuning up in
preparation for the Tiger Cup, the region’s premier soccer tournament.

The match was also the first international for Indonesia’s English-born
coach Peter Withe — since he took charge last month from Bulgarian
Ivan Kolev — who left after leading them to the Asian Cup finals in
China that ended in August. Withe made the switch to Indonesia after
leading Thailand for five years and guiding them to the 2002 Tiger Cup.

Played before 3,000 at the Jalan Besar Stadium, Noh Alam, unmarked
on the left, opened scoring for the hosts in the 38th minute through
a header after a good cross from naturalized Nigerian Itimi Dickson.

Indonesia, ranked 92nd in the world, earned a penalty on the stroke
of halftime when Elie Aiboy was fouled just inside the box by the
city-state’s Noh Rahman. But top striker Bambang Pamungkas’ low spot
kick to the bottom right corner was saved by keeper Hassan Sunny for
the final play of the first 45.

Indra scored Singapore’s second in the 49th minute after a neat turn
away from his marker outside the box to fire a crisp, low drive past
Indonesian netminder Hendro Kartiko.

Ranked 121st in the world just behind Armenia and Benin, the win was
Singapore’s first this year.

The Tiger Cup will be co-hosted by Vietnam and Malaysia in December
and also features Singapore, Thailand, Cambodia, the Philippines,
Myanmar, Laos, Indonesia and debutants East Timor.

Singapore and Indonesia play 2006 World Cup qualifiers Wednesday
against Oman and Sri Lanka respectively but neither have much chance of
making the finals in Germany and are focusing instead on the Tiger Cup.

About Chechnya

Detroit Free Press, MI
Sept 2 2004

About Chechnya

Population: 1.2 million; 85 percent are Sunni Muslim Chechens, the
remainder are Christians, mostly Russians or Armenians.

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Size: About 5,000 square miles.

History: Chechens have been fighting Russian occupation since the
late 18th Century. But the seeds of the current revolt go back to
World War II, when Chechnya was a semiautonomous republic within the
Soviet Union. While most Chechen males fought German troops, Soviet
dictator Josef Stalin ordered Chechnya wiped off the map. Secret
police burned villages and deported the entire Chechen population to
Kazakhstan and Siberia, accusing them and other Soviet Muslims of
collaborating with the Nazis.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, an independence movement
formed in Chechnya, but Russia refused to allow the secession. As a
result, Chechnya has undergone two civil wars, which have left most
of Chechnya under the control of the federal military. Chechen
separatists still claim an independent Chechnya and have orchestrated
attacks in Chechnya and other regions of Russia, including Moscow.
Some 150,000 people have died as a result of Chechen civil strife
from 1994 to 2003.

The rebel force: Military analysts estimate the number to be in the
low thousands. The rebels are thought to have the support of up to 30
percent of the Chechen population, although the vast majority of
Chechens say they are tired of the bloodshed. Apart from indigenous
Chechen fighters, the separatist force includes foreigners. Some top
commanders are from Saudi Arabia. Suicide bombers have notably
included so-called black widows — Chechen women who lost husbands in
fighting.

Armenian DM says US troops might be stationed in Azerbaijan

Armenian defence chief says US troops might be stationed in Azerbaijan

Mediamax news agency
27 Aug 04

YEREVAN

Armenian Defence Minister Serzh Sarkisyan “supposes” that US troops
might be stationed in Azerbaijan.

Asked about Yerevan’s reaction in case this scenario became a reality,
the Armenian defence minister said that “there is nothing special to
comment on, we think that this concerns solely relations between the
USA and Azerbaijan”.

“We cannot tell Azerbaijan what troops it should station on its
territory,” Serzh Sarkisyan said.