Deutsche Welle
July 5, 2020
Currently, everyone in Turkey is talking about "Generation Z" — a term
that refers to those young people born around the turn of the
millennium. It is a generation that knows no other Turkey than one
ruled by Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his Islamic-conservative Justice and
Development Party (AKP). And it is also a generation of digital
natives who like to spend lots of time on social media.
The group recently got Turkey's attention as the result of an obscure
political decision that moved the date for the country's annual
college entrance exams — an existential test that youth across the
country cram for every year — up a month, from late July, to June
27-28.
Students were furious because they suspected the move was nothing more
than a gimmick to benefit the country's ailing tourism industry, which
has been is crisis mode since the coronavirus first hit. Students say
the plan is to get them to go on vacation — despite the ongoing threat
of infection — since they will be finished with studying a month
earlier than planned. The Turkish government denies such accusations.
Youth increasingly uneasy
"It's awful that the economy and the tourism industry are being given
priority over our health," says 19-year-old Asli from Ankara. She took
the test for the second time and says she was under a lot of pressure
to do better this time.
"We're in a situation where we just don't know who to trust anymore,"
says Fatih, also a student from Ankara. Fatih says it was unclear if
the test would really be rescheduled or not, adding, "This is Turkey,
anything can happen."
[Photo: Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan meets with youth via
social media in Istanbul. Erdogan faced disapproval from some young
voters when met them directly via social media]
Recently, young Turks gave the president a taste of their disapproval
as only they can. When Erdogan took to YouTube on the day before the
exam for a "Meet with the kids" event, the nice words he used to
address these potential voters fell on deaf ears. In fact, the youth
tuning in were quick to voice their anger. Thousands blasted Erdogan,
taunting him with real-time comments, only to then move on to the next
platform — like Twitter, where they railed further and launched the
hashtag campaign #OyMoyYok (Not getting my vote), which proceeded to
spread like wildfire.
Who is Generation Z?
Since then, Generation Z has become the object of study. Essentially,
the group consists of anyone born between the years 1995 and 2010.
Estimates suggest that some 13 million young Turks fit into that group
and that they could play a key role in future elections. Many will
soon be able to vote for the first time but no one really knows just
how they tick.
[Photo: Baris Ülgen complains that there is no party to represent his
political views.]
A major study conducted by the Gezici Arastirma Merkezi Institute
recently took a closer look at youth in 12 of Turkey's 81 provinces.
The main aim of the study was to get a picture of their attitudes
toward religion, their worldview and their political leanings.
"This generation will be a decisive factor in the 2023 parliamentary
elections," says Murat Gezici. He says young voters will make up about
12% of the electorate, and can thus dictate some of the issues debated
during the election — namely those of fairness and income.
Researcher Gezici says young voters are, "more environmentally
friendly, empathetic, sensitive and thoughtful" than previous
generations. Moreover, the study found these young voters also have
influence over how their parents vote. Though the same does not work
the other way around, with "87.5% saying their parents' opinions have
no influence on how they will cast their votes," says Gezici, who adds
that the country's youth seems disinterested in traditional values.
Facing a future abroad
In light of Turkey's ongoing economic crisis, it seems highly unlikely
that young voters will find anything inspiring in Erdogan's AKP.
According to the government statistics office, youth unemployment
(ages 15-24) in the country has been hovering around 25% for months.
That is why many qualified young Turks are simply leaving the country
and heading to Europe — starting a brain drain that could have grave
long-term consequences for the Turkish job market.
Baris Ulgen, who just finished his electrical engineering studies at
Istanbul's Sabanci University, says none of the country's political
parties represent him and that he won't be giving any of them his
vote. He is pessimistic about Turkey's future: "I love my country, but
I think its time for me to go abroad for a while."
[Photo: Simge Koraltan is among those who complain that the future is
far from secure.]
Simge Koraltan, a 17-year-old student, is also concerned about the
future of the country: "One can't really say what is going to happen
over the course of the next two years." She says she feels fortunate
that her studies will allow her to go abroad, but adds that she really
doesn't want to leave.
Old folks' politics?
Journalist and academic Can Ertuna says it's impossible to connect
with young voters "the old way." He says a new language needs to be
found to address a generation that is more comfortable on social media
than anywhere else: "We are talking about people who use YouTube as
their browser and get their news via Instagram." Ertuna adds that
politicians desperately need to find more solutions to age-specific
problems as well.
Political scientist Nezih Onur Kuru is highly critical of the
government because the ruling AKP and the ultranationalist MHP spend
most of their energy addressing only the issues that concern older,
conservative, rural voters. He says that makes the gulf between those
in power and the youth of the country unbridgeable: "The anger over
the exams was a turning point. Just like parliamentary elections in
2023 will be a turning point — because that is when Generation Z will
hold the balance of power."
Millions of young Turks will soon be of voting age and President
Erdogan wants to win them over. Yet many of the country's youth feel
rebellious and openly reject him.