Armenia PM: Is economic miracle possible in Armenia?

News.am, Armenia
Feb 23 2019
Armenia PM: Is economic miracle possible in Armenia? Armenia PM: Is economic miracle possible in Armenia?

12:55, 23.02.2019
                  

YEREVAN. – The main our challenge today depends on whether an economic revolution can take place in Armenia and whether the Armenian government and people can achieve an effect that is considered an internationally accepted economic miracle, PM Nikol Pashinyan said during “My Step for Lori province” investment business forum in Vanadzor.

“Economic revolution is our number one priority, but we have to realize which are parameters of the economic revolution: new jobs, new level of revenues, new level of prosperity. Economic revolution is the new lever of prosperity,” he said.

The prime minister confessed that it was not an easy task to accomplish.

“The next move is to create real opportunities for business by excluding monopolies and corruption, by bringing about legislative changes,” he emphasized.

Armenian PM emphasized that business people who are confident in their creative talent, their diligence, their honesty and principle stance, and who really know that they are the kind of winner can take the responsibility for an economic revolution.  

Pashinyan announced the motto of Armenia’s economic revolution “stop sitting, let’s stand up and make a step”.

168: Government’s economic revolution formula is perceived by Armenian public, says PM

Category
BUSINESS & ECONOMY

The government’s economic revolution formula is perceived by the Armenian public, Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said during today’s Cabinet session, adding that the government must adopt the list of actions deriving from the Action Plan, but that list should be separated from the list of actions promoting to revolution.

Pashinyan tasked to revise all investment proposals, reveal all existing problems for investments and concentrate the information in the ministry of economic development and investments.

He also instructed to form a map to simplify the regulations, solve the issue of availability of gas and water and accelerate the works on creating an Armenian Investment Fund.

Touching upon the period of the seasonal work, the PM said in case of working people should continue receiving family and social benefits.

Pashinyan also gave instructions relating to the agriculture sector with the goal to make the works on installing new agricultural technologies more effective.

Armenian-Polish Business Chamber seeks to strengthen commercial, tourism ties between two countries

Armenian-Polish Business Chamber seeks to strengthen commercial, tourism ties between two countries

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09:17,

YEREVAN, FEBRUARY 15, ARMENPRESS. The Armenian-Polish Business Chamber in Armenia is starting its activities. It aims at boosting the commercial ties between Armenia and Poland, creating an environment for the businessmen of the two countries, contributing to the efforts of various companies and businessmen to make investments in both countries.

Edgar Ghazaryan – chairman of the Armenian-Polish business chamber, former Armenian Ambassador to Poland, gave an interview to ARMENPRESS, talking about the programs and future plans of the Chamber.

-Mr. Ghazaryan, how the idea to establish this Chamber was born? Who are the initiators?

-The initiative on establishing an Armenian-Polish Business Chamber existed years before by a number of companies operating in Armenia. It has not conducted an active work for various reasons. Completing my diplomatic mission in Poland and being informed about that organization I had a commitment to assume its chairmanship and make efforts to carry out active works.

-What are the tasks of the Business Chamber? Are there any issues the Chamber can have its contribution to solving them?

-The Business Chamber aims at boosting the commercial ties between Armenia and Poland, creating an environment for the businessmen of the two states, contributing to the efforts of various companies and individual businessmen to make investments ad utilize markets. We believe that there is a great potential in the Armenian-Polish commercial ties that is not utilized, but in case of effectively using this it is possible to record major success in both sides. The new agreement signed between Armenia and the EU in November 2017 creates great opportunities for expanding the business ties between Armenia and the EU member states. From this perspective Poland can play a great and positive role for us.

-You have been Armenia’s Ambassador to Poland and are very familiar with the trade-economic cooperation between the two countries. Overall, how would you assess the Armenia-Poland commercial partnership? In what directions the potential is not utilized?

-Despite being not so large, the Armenian-Polish trade turnover has always showed a growth tendency. During my tenure as an Ambassador I have recorded for myself that unfortunately we both know less about one another. In my opinion, Armenia is not enough informed about the huge economic potential and opportunities of Poland, as well as the Polish businessmen are also less informed about Armenia’s economic environment and existing opportunities. We think that this is going to be the main task of the Armenian-Polish Business Chamber: to provide maximal information to the businessmen of both sides about the economic situation in Armenia and Poland.

We believe that there is a great potential in tourism sector which is again not utilized. The direct flight between Warsaw and Yerevan, that operates almost every day, increases the opportunity to attract Polish tourist towards Armenia. The same can be said about organization of Armenian tourist visits to Poland. In our opinion, the rich history of the Armenian community of Poland, the growing tourism infrastructures in Poland, the affordable prices of goods and services compared to the remaining EU states can be attractive for the Armenian tourists.

-When will the Armenian-Polish Business Chamber start its program activities, and is it already clarified what programs will be implemented this year?

-At the moment the Armenian-Polish Business Chamber overcomes the technical and organizational issues in connection with the re-launch. Meetings have already been held with a number of similar structures. Practical cooperation agreements with several Armenian and Polish chambers of commerce are expected to be signed soon. Actions will be taken soon to expand the number of members of the Chamber and its activity frameworks. We are closely following the ongoing political developments between Armenia and Poland, in particular, during the meeting in Davos the Armenian and Polish Prime Ministers highlighted the need to promote mutual visits and strengthen the economic relations. We think that the Chamber will manage to organize business forums in Armenia and Poland during 2019. We are looking forward to the formation of the Armenian-Polish inter-governmental commission on economic cooperation in the Armenian government, with which joint actions will be taken for the active engagement of our Chamber in that processes. We will soon sum up and provide information to our partner companies about the expected important economic events, exhibitions, trade fairs and etc. in Poland.

 

Interview by Anna Gziryan

Edited and translated by Aneta Harutyunyan




Asbarez: Dr. Mihran Agbabian Passes Away

Dr. Mihran Agbabian

A founding member of the American University of Armenia, where he was President Emeritus, and life-long community activist and educator, Dr. Mihran Agbabian, passed away on Tuesday in Los Angeles.

Agbabian was born in Cyprus in 1923 and he grew up in Aleppo, Syria, before moving to Beirut, Lebanon to study at the American University of Beirut. He received a Bachelor’s degree in Physics (1944) and Bachelor’s degree in engineering (1947), and he came to the United States in 1947 to continue his education at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) where he received his Master’s degree. He completed his studies at the University of California at Berkeley where he received his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering in 1951.

After working as a structural engineer at several engineering companies, he co-founded the engineering consulting company, Agbabian Associates, in 1963.

In 1984, Dr. Agbabian was appointed as the Fred Champion Professor of Engineering at the University of Southern California. He served as Chairman of the Civil Engineering Department and Director of the Environmental Engineering program from 1984 to 1992.

He is the founding president of the American University of Armenia in Yerevan which started its operation on September 23, 1991, the same day when Armenia declared its independence. The University, known to all as AUA, is affiliated with the University of California system and is sponsored by the Armenian General Benevolent Union. The university is a graduate school and has graduated more than 2000 persons with Master’s degrees in Business Management, Industrial and Earthquake Engineering, Political Science and International Relations, Public Health, Law, and Information Technology, most of whom are employed in Armenia. It also has a University Extension program and it offers special courses in English and Environmental Management,

After serving AUA in the capacity of founding president, he retired in 1997, and he was appointed by the Board of Trustees as President Emeritus, working on special assignments for the growth of the university.

Dr. Agbabian was married to Elizabeth Apkarian who has worked with him serving their community. They have three sons, Paul (married to Kate Nyberg); Bryan (married to Valina Ghoukassian); and Michael; as well as three granddaughters, Sabrina, Erika, Lori, and a grandson. Arman.

He was elected Member of the US National Academy of Engineering (1982) , the Armenian National Academy of Sciences (1990), and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (1995). He has received the University of California at Berkeley Distinguished Engineering Alumnus Citation and the Caltech Distinguished Alumnus Award.

He has an Honorary Doctor of Science degree from Yerevan State University and he is Honorary Member of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute and its Past President, and he is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1955 he received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor from the National Ethnic Coalition Organization of New York for outstanding contributions as an immigrant.

Agbabian received the Movses Khorenatzi Medal (2001) from the President of the Republic of Armenia for exceptional achievement in educational development. The Armenian Church has recognized Dr. Agbabian. He has received the Sahag-Mesrob Medal from His Holiness Catholicos Karekin I, the St. Mesrob Medal from His Holiness Catholicos Aram I, and the St.Vartan Medal from His Holiness Catholicos John Bedros XVIII.

Dr. Agbabian has served the Armenian community in a number of organizations. He was member of the Central Board of the Armenian General Benevolent Union, a founding member of the Armenian Film Foundation, vice president of the Armenian Missionary Association of America, vice-chairman of the Board of Haigazian College, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Armenian Assembly of America, and General Chairman of the First Congress of the Armenian Engineers and Scientists of America.

President Sarkissian and Nestlé Waters CEO discussed opportunities for cooperation

ARKA, Armenia
Feb 11 2019

YEREVAN, February 11, /ARKA/. In the framework of his working visit, Armenian President Sarkissian met last week in Paris with the Executive Director of the Nestlé Waters company Maurizio Patarnello, his press office reported.

Noting that Armenia is rich with natural resources and drinking water, the interlocutors spoke about possible cooperation in this area.

They concurred that there are serious perspectives for cooperation and agreed that the Executive Director of the Nestlé Waters Company would visit Armenia shortly to continue the dialogue and to bring the discussions to a more practical level. At the meeting, discussed were also issues of the efficient management of the water resources.

Nestlé Waters is part Nestlé Group company, which is one of the world’s leading companies in the production of bottled water. Nestlé Waters also carries out research and educational programs to show water’s importance in the human life and healthcare. -0-

7 budget-friendly European destinations for 2019

Kiwi.com
Feb 7 2019
 
 
7 budget-friendly European destinations for 2019
By David Szmidt | 8 January 2019

A list of budget-friendly European destinations can be tricky. There are those which pop up in every list of this type (Split, Sofia and so forth), which are now becoming a little infuriated by being inundated with tourists; those which are now past that and into giant-tour-group / stag party territory (Krakow, Prague); and those which are good value for the size of the place, but seem — what? — a little obvious (Lisbon, Naples).

We’ve tried to put together a list of less obvious, under-appreciated and as-yet-unspoilt spots for your European travels this year. Bon voyage!

Yerevan is one of the longest continually-inhabited cities on the planet — Shutterstock

The Caucasus is becoming an increasingly popular destination for travellers looking for somewhere lesser-known and somewhere that’s still a bit off the beaten track.

Azerbaijan is promoting tourism heavily — and bagging itself a Formula One race in the process — and Georgia in particular is becoming a very cool place to go. But we’re going to have a look at Armenia, which, while technically not on the continent, is considered European by many.

Yerevan, the capital, is one of the longest continually-inhabited cities on the planet, and its vast squares and wide boulevards bring to mind Paris, while here and there you may be reminded of Budapest or Rome. Make no mistake though — it is very much its own city.

Lying in the shadow of Mount Ararat, it has been the centre of an almost constant power struggle between Christians and Muslims in the region, but today, it has emerged from the economic collapse of the post-Soviet era into a modern, open city.

The centre of the city is remarkably green. There are a number of parks and gardens in which to relax, and the locals do, frequently. Summer evenings will see locals chilling out of doors (there are apparently over 500 outdoor eateries in town!), and the selection of food and drink would be the envy of many western European cities, with local delicacies like barbecued meat vying for attention between sushi, Mexican and Thai food.

Pay sober attention to the history of the place by visiting the Armenian Genocide Memorial and Museum to learn about an inescapable part of the country’s tumultuous past; visit the gorgeous Blue Mosque for a calming alternative to the bustle beyond; head to the top of the Cascade for a view of the city and the mountains beyond; or simply get to know the city and its people by talking to the gregarious locals.

From towns to countryside, mountains to beaches to forests, Calabria has something for everyone — Shutterstock

Calabria is the region of Italy you might know as the “toe” of the country, the bit that looks like it’s going to boot Sicily across the Mediterranean. It’s both mountainous and coastal, covered in forests producing the purest air in Europe, and surrounded by beautiful sandy beaches. It’s also probably the least touristy part of the country, so prices are, correspondingly, fairly low.

Don’t rush it either. Even by Italian standards, the pace of life can only be described as laid-back. None of the cities are particularly big, so reward you taking your time over them, walking in a leisurely manner instead of ticking things off in a touristy frenzy.

Outside town, there’s a good trade in what’s known as agriturismo, a practice where farmers will rent out a couple of rooms in their farmhouse to travellers. The price will usually include breakfast, dinner or both, generally using food grown on the farm, or other very local produce. It’s very informal and a great way to get to know the region and its people.

In the winter, there’s skiing to be done in three of the national parks. It’s unusual to be swooshing down a piste that overlooks the sea, but the resort in Gambarie is the closest to the sea in the world, overlooking the Strait of Messina.

So, from towns to countryside, mountains to beaches to forests, the properly ancient to the modern-ish, Calabria has something for everyone. Just try and visit it before everyone else finds out.

The town belongs to the small number of Unesco World Heritage sites that are both cultural and natural landmarks — Shutterstock

The Jerusalem of the Balkans is how this town was once known. The nickname is because of its remarkable claim of having 365 churches, one for every day of the year. There are significantly fewer nowadays, but that doesn’t stop the town being one of the small number of Unesco World Heritage sites that are both cultural (the city itself), and natural (the lake on which it stands).

Yet, due to it still being pretty much unknown outside the country itself (it’s only the eighth-largest town in Macedonia!), it’s great value for a relaxing budget break.

The history doesn’t end there though. The Roman amphitheatre is still looking surprisingly good, and some of the churches, chapels and monasteries remain, including the now-restored monastery at Plaošnik. Dating from the 10th century, it’s also one of the oldest universities in the Western world. Even the local population is a historic curiosity, in that there’s a strong Turkish community whose roots date back to the 15th century.

It’s a great location for the more sporty and adventurous of you as well, with hang-gliding, paragliding, sailing, swimming and other activities on offer in and around the lake, but there’s also the more leisurely option of renting a boat and simply touring around in the sunshine.

The old town is your typically pretty mix of ancient streets and courtyards, with the added bonus of the Old Bazaar that runs from the waterfront to the market square. The bazaar is a marble-paved street lined with everything from ice-cream parlours to boutique clothes shops.

Walk up to Samuel’s Fortress and look out over the town, or go a little bit further afield and into the mountains of the Galičica National Park. Walk in the fresh air and the shimmering sun, surrounded by birdsong and the smell of wildflowers. What could be more peaceful?

Strasbourg was classified a Unesco World Heritage site in 1988, the first time an entire city centre was given that honour — Shutterstock

Located in the overlooked netherworld that is northeastern France, just the name Strasbourg brings to mind bureaucracy, politics and faceless institutions. But that’s an unkind view of a city that can be beautiful, intriguing and unusual in equal measure.

To sum up how little is generally known about Strasbourg, did you know that its historic centre, the Grande Île, was classified a Unesco World Heritage site in 1988, the first time an entire city centre was given that honour? I’ll bet you didn’t.

Being on the border of France and Germany, the whole place is a nice mix of the two, with medieval French whimsy being backed up by solid Germanic foundations. This also means you get to choose between croissants and pretzels when you want a snack, or go to a winstub — like a proper German pub, but for wine — if you fancy a drink.

The city is built on a series of canals snaking away from the Rhine that flows past the eastern side of the city, marking the national border. This means that Strasbourg has a nicely Hanseatic air, with elegant half-timbered merchant’s houses redolent of Lübeck or Gdansk, but the quaint, hanging-baskets-over-cobbled-lanes feel of Bruges.

It hides a number of attractive medieval churches, such as the massive sandstone Cathedral of Our Lady (which is certainly not hidden!), as well as a wide selection of fine museums, ranging from collections of paintings by the old masters, to a science and technology centre, to a museum of voodoo.

All in all, it’s a much more interesting place than you might have anticipated, plus, because of its sizeable student population, caters for people travelling on more of a budget. Cheaper than Paris or Amsterdam, but with the feel of both, it’s a winner.

Osijek has an almost Hapsburg-esque atmosphere, with its now-restored buildings as well as a student population that packs out the cafes and bars — BalkansCat / Shutterstock

I did mention Croatia in the introduction to this article as a place that’s becoming really quite crowded these days, mainly along its extensive and beautiful coastline. There’s a lot to be found inland however: Zagreb is one of the most relaxed capital cities in the world, and there’s the wonderful Plitvice lakes of course, but head further inland to near the Serbian border and check out Osijek.

It’s not an obvious destination purely because it’s not on the coast, but that doesn’t mean to say it doesn’t have its draws. Just look at it in summertime: the Osijek Summer Nights festival runs throughout June, July and August and is a series of musical and cultural events out in the open air, backed by outstanding food and wine festivals. In fact, the city’s culinary tradition is one of the things its residents are proudest of.

It has an almost Hapsburg-esque atmosphere, with its now-restored buildings (it was badly bombed in the 1990s) and its riverfront promenade, as well as a student population that packs out the cafes and bars to grapple with the state of humanity over tiny, bitterly delicious cups of coffee.

It’s also a very family-friendly place, with bicycle rental available to explore up and down the Drava river, as well as Croatia’s largest zoo and aquarium. Kopački Rit, one of Europe’s biggest wetlands is a nature reserve that provides tours on foot, by boat, or even on horseback!

As mentioned, it’s not the most obvious place to go, but it’s certainly somewhere unexpected, interesting, and full of memorable curios.

In Hamburg, there’s an awful lot to see and do for free — Shutterstock

Right, so Germany is definitely not one of Europe’s cheapest countries, but for the size of city versus the cost of doing things, Hamburg presents a pretty strong case.

Firstly, there’s an awful lot to see and do for free (or next to nothing). A blustery wander along the harbourfront from the canals and renovated warehouses of the Hafencity to the Altona fish market will work up an appetite for a fish-in-a-roll (you don’t have to have that of course, but it is somewhat of a local speciality).

At night, the notorious Reeperbahn is worth seeing, purely for its seediness and because it’s a Hamburg landmark, but more rewarding is heading north to Karolinenviertel or Sternschanze for side streets packed with bars and good, cheap street food. No room in the pub? No matter. Join the locals standing outside on the street, or sitting on steps or in the parks, listening to music on battered stereos and swigging from bottles of €1 Astra beer.

During the day, the areas mentioned above become slightly sleepier, but are still a good source of coffee, second-hand shops and flea markets, while more traditional sights include the spectacular 18th century St Michaeliskirche, the calming gardens of the prosaically-named Planten und Blomen, or walk the length of the art deco Elbetunnel under the harbour.

The frankly wonderful Miniatur Wunderland is a delight for adults and kids alike (although slightly pricey at €15 per adult) or, for a bargain €2, you can also visit one of Germany’s most unusual museums, the German Customs Museum. Displaying over 1,000 exhibits all to do with things people have tried to smuggle in and out of the country, unusual medieval laws and crimes, and plenty more, it’s quirky, unusual, and great fun, just like the city itself.

The town stands as one of the finest examples of 16th century architecture in Central Europe — Shutterstock

We finish with a very left-field choice. Bratislava has been on the tourist radar for a number of years now, and as skiers and hikers have discovered the possibilities the mountains have to offer, Slovakia has slowly become a more and more attractive destination for travellers of all kinds.

Banská Štiavnica, a town of just over 10,000 people is located in the centre of a massive caldera, a collapsed volcano, and its history revolves around being very old and very rich. Its importance since the middle ages has been tied to the reserves of gold and silver in the surrounding mountains, and this led to fortifications being built. These, in turn, mean that the city remained protected and today, the town stands as one of the finest examples of 16th century architecture in Central Europe.

Although the centre of the town is small — it’ll only take you a couple of hours to see pretty much everything — that’s hardly the point. As well as the beautifully preserved town itself, the surrounding region is full of interesting curiosities. The mining museum consists of both an outdoor section looking at machinery from over the centuries, before donning overalls and a helmet and underground into the mine itself.

After that you’ll probably need a bit of fresh air: perfect, as the town is also a centre of healthsome pastimes such as mountain biking, hiking, climbing, horse riding, and a whole host of aquatic sports that take place in the scores of tajchy — reservoirs created from underground water pumped from the mines.

Windsurfing, swimming, boating and fishing are all popular with locals, and when you’re exhausted from all that, tuck into some hearty Slovak food so you’re ready to do it all again tomorrow.

This article was amended on 4 February 2019 to clarify that Armenia is not on the European continental shelf, but is often considered European.

 
 
 

Catholicos Aram I thanks Macron for declaring April 24th National Day of Commemoration of Armenian Genocide

Catholicos Aram I thanks Macron for declaring April 24th National Day of Commemoration of Armenian Genocide

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16:06, 7 February, 2019

YEREVAN, FEBRUARY 7, ARMENPRESS. Catholicos Aram I of the Great House of Cilicia has thanked French President Emmanuel Macron for declaring April the 24th a National Day of Commemoration of the Armenian Genocide, the press service of the Great House of Cilicia reported. 

“On Wednesday, February 6th, His Holiness Catholicos Aram I of the Armenian Church, Holy See of Cilicia extended a letter of appreciation to the French President Emmanuel Macron on the occasion of declaring April 24th as a national day for the commemoration of the Armenian Genocide”. 

President Emmanuel Macron has said France will make April 24 “a national day of commemoration of the Armenian Genocide”.

Armenia and Armenians around the world mark April 24 annually as the Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day.

Speaking to the Armenian community at a dinner organized by the Coordinating Council of Armenian Organisations of France (CCAF) on February 5, Macron said: “France is, first and foremost, the country that knows how to look history in the face, which was among the first to denounce the killing of the Armenian people, which in 1915 named genocide for what it was, which in 2001 after a long struggle recognised it in law”, according to France24.

France "will in the next weeks make April 24 a national day of commemoration of the Armenian genocide," he added.

The French president’s remarks honoured a campaign promise from his election in 2017.

At the event Macron also paid tribute to French-Armenian crooner Charles Aznavour who died in October 2018.

 

Edited and translated by Stepan Kocharyan




Despite “surprising improvements” Freedom House ranks Armenia among “partly free” countries

Panorama, Armenia
Feb 5 2019

The Freedom in The World 2019 report has recorded surprising improvements in individual countries—including in Armenia, saying the developments show that democracy has enduring

appeal as a means of holding leaders accountable and creating the conditions for a better life.

“Massive nonviolent demonstrations forced the resignation of Serzh Sargsyan, the country’s leader since 2008 and after snap elections in December, a new reformist majority in the parliament has pledged to promote transparency and accountability for corruption and abuse of office,” the part of the report about Armenia reads.

As the report documents that Pashinyan’s My Step alliance “decisively won snap parliamentary elections in December, clearing the way for systemic reforms. After snap elections in December, a new reformist majority in the parliament has pledged to promote transparency and accountability for corruption and abuse of office.”

The report has ranked Armenia among “party free” countries with six points improvement to compare with the previous year record. 
To note, Freedom in the World is an annual global report on political rights and civil liberties, composed of numerical ratings and descriptive texts for each country and a select group of territories. 

Crucial Assistance to Armenian Refugees in World War I – ZIC Lecture by Asya Darbinyan

CRUCIAL ASSISTANCE TO ARMENIAN REGUGEES IN WORLD WAR I

 

Armenian News Network / Armenian News

January 2, 2019


BY FLORENCE AVAKIAN

ZOHRAB INFORMATION CENTER, NY


The displacement of refugees in the World has garnered front page news in the last three years, with huge numbers of refugees heading to Europe, especially from the catastrophic war zone in Syria. This year, in particular, U.S. troops used tear gas at the U.S.-Mexico border, forcibly separating parents from their young children.    


A century ago, a similar humanitarian emergency developed at the Caucasus front following the Genocide of the Armenians.


This was the subject of a fascinating talk accompanied with slides, by Asya Darbinyan at the Krikor and Clara Zohrab Information Center of the Armenian Diocese, on Thursday evening, January 17.



The speaker was introduced by Zohrab Information Center Director Dr. Christopher Sheklian who detailed her background as a Ph.D candidate at the Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies at Clark University in Worcester, MA, and a student of the eminent Genocide scholar Dr. Taner Akcam. She previously worked as a Deputy Director in the Armenian Genocide Institute-Museum in Yerevan.


Darbinyan began her talk by revealing that when the legendary writer Hovhannes Toumanyan and his daughter Nvart arrived in the town of Etchmiadzin to provide help to the thousands of Armenians fleeing across the Ottoman Empire border of Transcaucasia, he wrote down his observances and thoughts.   


“THREE ARMIES”


“In that hell called Turkish Armenia,” he reflected, “three armies exist. The first is the one in combat.  The second – the army of the abandoned women and children, the sick, the famished, the naked, the refugees which is the largest army. And third, is the army of activists and helpers which is the smallest and weakest.”


Between 1914 and 1917, thousands of Armenian refugees escaping from Turkey across the border to Transcaucasia came from Kars, Igdir and Julfa.   Two-thirds of them were women, since most of the men had been slaughtered.    More than 200,000 refugees from Turkey had reached the Caucausus between July and August 1915.    Upon arrival, they were accommodated in Yerevan, Elizavetpol, Tiflis and Kars.


The local Armenian populations “mobilized all their resources towards the organization of relief work for the displaced Armenians, many of whom were very poor, disabled, and in need of urgent assistance,” Darbinyan related. 


Dr. Samuel G. Wilson, a Presbyterian missionary from the American Committee of Armenian and Syrian Relief,reported,  

“Many of the Armenian villagers have taken in and cared for the destitute refugees. Others have given them the use of their spare rooms, bake-houses, stables and barns.”


Etchmiadzin became one of the major refugee towns in the Caucasus. And Mayor Alexander Khatisyan of Tiflis stated, “the number of refugees in Etchmiadzin is 30,000, with the daily death toll above 300. Five hundred corpses remain, that are not buried. Healthy refugees have scattered in panic,”


But there were several challenges for the dedicated local population.     Because of the many problems during wartime they could not cultivate the land, and the scarcity of supply transports from Russia resulted in huge price increases of bread and basic necessities. The coming winter spelled possible death not only to the hungry and naked refugees, but also to the locals.


HUMANITARIAN CRISIS


Reports of Turkish atrocities against the Armenians and the Caucasian humanitarian crisis quickly reached the imperial Russian authorities. The Russian government as well as a number of non-governmental organizations in the Russian Empire provided humanitarian assistance to thousands of Armenian refugees, the speaker revealed.


“Russia’s joint declaration with Great Britain and France in May 1915 defined the atrocities against the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire as a crime against humanity, and promised to hold the Ottoman government and those implicated in the massacres personally responsible for those crimes.”


ARMENIAN AND RUSSIAN COMMITTEES


Two prominent Armenian organizations in the Russian Empire that addressed the Armenian refugee crisis were the Caucasus Armenian Benevolent Society with its 72 branches, and the Armenian Central Committee in Tiflis for its assistance to victims of war. Both established hospitals and feeding stations in more than a dozen cities and towns.   


The Moscow Armenian Committee mainly operated in Yerevan opening a hospital, a food depot, three orphanages, and a school for 110 orphan-students in Ashtarak, and Etchmiadzin. And theCommittee of Brotherly Aid was a major institution with branches in Etchmiadzin, Alexandropol, and other major areas which was under aegis of the Catholicos of All Armenians.


With the emergency growing speedily, the Russian imperial authorities established the Special Council for Refugees to ensure the efficiency of the refugee humanitarian activities, issuing cards to all identified refugees for food and medical assistance.       


They also insisted that able-bodied refugees find work in farming and workshops and help with the education of refugee children who were housed in orphanages throughout the Caucasus. Other Russian aid groups included the All-Russian Union of Townsand the Caucasus Committee.


SAVIOR OR MASTER?


The Russian motivation was complicated. Ottoman Armenians wondered whether Russia was a savior or another imperial master?


Since the late 19th century, the speaker continued, Russia had a huge Armenian population in Transcaucasia, spreading from the Kars region to the Black Sea coast and Tiflis, as well as from the Caspian Sea and Baku to the Russo-Iranian border. And after the Treaty of Berlin in 1878, Armenians saw Russia as their protector from Muslim domination and the persecutions in the Ottoman Empire. 


But as in all national self-interest, Russian policy towards Armenians fluctuated depending on the economic, military, political and geographical developments in the region. According to historian Avetis Harutyunyan, “Russian imperial authorities never actually aimed at protecting Armenians.”  Their relief work was just the “by-product” of Russian imperialist and colonization policies.


Historian Peter Holquist wrote that when the war was waged, “urgent military interest, rather than an anti-Armenian policy shaped those decisions.” Another historian Halit Akarca called Russian policy in Eastern Turkey during the war as “humanitarian occupation”, motivated by strategic and political concerns.


Darbinyan concluded that “the desire to help others and save lives of strangers was there and mobilized people, agencies, governments and even empires. As the providers of assistance often made, and still do make for the ‘people in distress’, help was and is based not on the actual needs and concerns of the refugees, but rather on their sometimes inaccurate perceptions of those groups.”