CINÉMA Dans «Vodka Lemon», le réalisateur Saleem évoque les Kurdes

Le Figaro, France
31 Mars 2004

CINÉMA Dans «Vodka Lemon», le réalisateur Hiner Saleem évoque son
peuple, les Kurdes
Humour et survie de l’espèce

Emmanuèle Frois

Il a l’humour du désespoir. Et le coeur qui balance entre tragédie et
comédie. Hiner Saleem est un magicien poète qui arrive à nous faire
sourire, même au fond du gouffre. Les premières images de Vodka Lemon
donnent le ton. Un lit en ferraille glisse à toute vitesse sur la
neige. Un vieil homme y est allongé, enveloppé dans des draps. Le lit
s’arrête brutalement devant une tombe. On tend un verre au vieil
homme. Il y met son dentier. Et il commence à jouer de la flûte.
Divinement. C’est dans les immensités glacées d’un village kurde
d’Arménie, qu’Hiner Saleem a trouvé l’inspiration.

«Il suffit d’observer les gens, dit-il. J’ai vu là-bas des choses
surréalistes, absurdes. Au marché par exemple, on vend tout et
n’importe quoi : une chaussure ou des piles usées, des instruments
médicaux rouillés, des vestiges de l’ère soviétique. Je ne comprends
pas comment ce peuple arrive à vivre dans un tel dénuement. Et
pourtant, il reste optimiste malgré tout.»

Hiner Saleem a trouvé là-bas en Arménie des paysages qui ressemblent
à sa terre natale, le Kurdistan. «Je suis kurde. Kurde de l’enfer de
Saddam Hussein. Le plus beau jour de ma vie a été le 9 avril 2003, le
jour de la chute du régime de Saddam.» Dans son émouvant récit, Le
Fusil de mon père (Seuil), il raconte son enfance, le goût de la
pulpe des grenades qui va bientôt se mêler à l’odeur de la poudre,
les persécutions – «j’ai découvert la barbarie» -, et sa fuite à 17
ans avec, pour seul bagage, «le costume kurde, la cassette de musique
kurde et le livre de poésie kurde». En fait, il y a une mélodie
mélancolique qui ne l’a jamais quitté : «Plus le temps passe, plus
les battements de mon coeur ralentissent, ma bien-aimée…» Et de
citer une phrase de son grand-père qu’il n’a jamais oublié : «Notre
passé est triste, notre présent est catastrophique, mais heureusement
nous n’avons pas d’avenir.»

Dans son livre, Hiner Saleem raconte l’histoire des siens et de son
peuple. «Mon grand-père avait beaucoup d’humour. Il disait qu’il
était né kurde, sur une terre libre. Puis les Ottomans sont arrivés
et ils ont dit à mon grand-père : Tu es ottoman… A la chute de
l’Empire ottoman, il est devenu turc. Les Turcs sont partis, il est
redevenu kurde dans le royaume de Cheikh Mahmoud, le roi des Kurdes.
Puis les Anglais sont arrivés, alors mon grand-père est devenu sujet
de Sa Gracieuse Majesté… Les Anglais ont inventé l’Irak, mon
grand-père est devenu irakien, mais il n’a jamais compris l’énigme de
ce nouveau nom : Irak, et jusqu’à son dernier souffle, il n’a jamais
été fier d’être irakien ; son fils, mon père, Shero Selim Malay, non
plus.»

Gamin, Hiner Saleem n’avait pas de rêve de cinéma, mais celui «de
libérer le Kurdistan. Nous vivions la plupart du temps cachés dans
des grottes. Le soir, à la lueur d’une lampe à pétrole, mon père nous
lisait des classiques de la littérature kurde comme Mem Zin,
l’équivalent de votre Roméo et Juliette. Je ne l’écoutais pas
jusqu’au jour où il a apporté un livre de poésie illustrée. C’était
la première fois que je voyais de la peinture. Une révélation. Comme
si j’avais découvert l’existence de Dieu. Boule versant. L’autre choc
c’est la télé à huit ans. J’ai vu des films de Bollywood. Et un soir,
un film avec un homme grand et maigre qui portait un bonnet. Il m’a
terrorisé, il parlait une langue inconnue. Quinze ans après, j’ai
découvert qu’il s’agissait du commandant Cousteau !»

Hiner Saleem dit enfin qu’il n’a pas «de monde idéal à proposer
puisque je ne le connais pas». Mais dans son Vodka Lemon, bien arrosé
de rire et de larmes, il fait le portrait d’hommes et de fem mes
remplis de dignité. «Je crois à la théorie de l’évolution de Darwin.
L’humour est indis pensable à la survie de notre espèce, nous les
Kurdes.»

US General thanks Armenia for sending peacekeeping platoon to Kosovo

ArmenPress
March 31 2004

US GENERAL THANKS ARMENIA FOR SENDING PEACEKEEPING PLATOON TO KOSOVO

YEREVAN, MARCH 31, ARMENPRESS: Major General Jeffrey Kohler, the
Director of Plans and Policy for US European Command, who arrived
Tuesday in Armenia for a two-day visit to discuss with Armenian
counterparts bilateral military issues, told reporters today after
wrapping up his visit that the goal of the visit was to meet with
Armenian defense minister to thank Armenian authorities for sending a
peacekeeping platoon to Kosovo, as well as for their readiness to
send another platoon to Iraq.
He then praised the Armenian platoon in Kosovo for contributing
heavily to diffusing the latest tension there.
General Kohler said his government was proud to have Armenia as a
friendly nation in the global fight against terrorism and its
willingness to help international efforts for restoration of post-war
Iraq. He said one of the objectives of the visit was to discuss
possibilities for enlarging military cooperation with Armenia.
Kohler also said that during his visit he discussed with defense
minister Serzh Sarkisian and chief of general staff, Colonel-General
Mikael Harutunian US-Armenia military cooperation for 2005. “I have
to admit that defense minister asked, no, ordered that I should pay
another visit to Yerevan to spend more time with my Armenian
counterparts,” he said.
Major general Jeffrey Kohler, UN Air Force, assumed this position
in March 2002. The general is a 1973 graduate of the US Air Force
Academy. He commanded at the squadron, group and wing levels and
served in staff assignments at the major command level and in NATO.
Prior to assuming his current position, the General served director
of operational plans, deputy chief of staff for Air and Space
Operations, headquarters, US Air Force, Washington, DC.

U.S. School of Democracy

The Moscow Times
Thursday, Apr. 1, 2004. Page 9

U.S. School of Democracy

By Boris Kagarlitsky

A recently published report on civil liberties in 2003 by the New York-based
Freedom House organization has recognized 89 countries as “free,” 55 as
“partially free” and 48 as “not free.” The appraisal was based on a system
of half-point gradations, where 1.0 is the best score and 7.0 the worst.
Pretty much like at school, then

It’s no surprise that the worst marks went to North Korea, Cuba, Iraq,
Libya, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria and Turkmenistan. Russia fell into the
category of partially free countries along with Ukraine, Moldova,
Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia. Indonesia, Argentina, Ethiopia, Nigeria,
Turkey, Venezuela and Columbia are in the same group.

Things become more interesting when we look at the actual figures awarded.
Russia received 5.0, a very poor score. Of all of the European former Soviet
republics, only Belarus fared worse with 6 points. Even Turkey earned a
higher rating, 3.5. According to the Freedom House experts, Tajikistan (5.5)
is freer than Belarus.

But Georgia and Ukraine were rated at 4.0, Moldova 3.5 and the Baltic
republics came out near the top of the class with 1.5 each. Other results of
interest were Mongolia (3.0), Bulgaria (1.5), the Czech Republic (1.5),
Greece (1.5), Japan (1.5), France (1.0) and Germany (1.0). The United
States, of course, scored 1.0.

A real blow for Argentina. Evidently the experts didn’t think they could
classify as truly free a country where the people can kick the parliament
and the president out onto the street.

And a blow for Russia, too. You can’t call Russia a democratic state, but at
least we don’t deny a third of our citizens their rights, like Latvia.
Russian national politics holds a contradictory position, between liberal
declarations of equality and the daily discrimination practiced against the
Muslim minority. But then the Latvian government doesn’t even make these
declarations; it has nothing more important to do than destroy the schools
of national minorities.

The pressure that the authorities in Ukraine put on the opposition is no
less serious than in Russia; the only difference is that in Moscow the
authorities are better at implementing the policy than those in Kiev.

One guarantee for democracy in former Soviet countries is, apparently, an
absence of effective centralized power. Is it really true that
Shevardnadze’s Georgia was freer than Putin’s Russia?

The scores are based on 2003 data, but the “Rose Revolution” overthrew
Shevardnadze in November. Even if the new situation compelled Freedom House
to sharply increase the country’s rating, it’s still somewhat confusing.

Has the increase in freedom since Georgia’s change in leadership been so
marked? The 90 percent of votes that Mikheil Saakashvili received is
evidently considered more democratic than Putin’s official total of 71
percent.

I must confess that I am delighted for Mongolia. But all the same, a few
unpleasant thoughts still linger at the back of my mind. Why, for example,
do the Baltic republics appear in the same category of countries as others
that have a well-established history of economic development? Is it a high
mark for Latvia and Estonia, or a low mark for Greece and Japan? And what
did the Czech Republic do wrong? After all, their political institutions are
identical to those in Western Europe.

When one of my friends saw the results, he reminded me that the teacher’s
marks take account not only of progress, but also of the behavior and
enthusiasm of the students. For example, while Tajikistan has allowed the
building of a U.S. military base, Lukashenko’s Belarus has not. Neither
country has a democracy to be proud of, but now everyone should be aware:
authoritarianism with U.S. bases is not the same as authoritarianism without
them.

If we are all students, then we are learning from the ideologies of Freedom
House, our teacher. But their approach is clear as day. It all comes down to
the principle that U.S. leadership in international affairs is essential to
the cause of human rights and freedom.

With a perfect 1.0 score, the United States is a straight-A student. There
may be irregularities in Florida’s vote count, an extravagant system of
voter registration and an 18th-century electoral system, but none of these
factors matter.

This noble desire of U.S. conservatives to teach the world democracy is most
laudable. Just don’t be surprised when the results are less than successful.

After all, we students are just doing as our teacher tells us.

Boris Kagarlitsky is director of the Institute of Globalization Studies.

OSCE Mission Conclusion on The Parliamentary Elections in Georgia

A1 Plus | 17:28:08 | 29-03-2004 | Politics |

OSCE MISSION CONCLUSION ON THE PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN GEORGIA

The 28 March parliamentary elections in Georgia demonstrated commendable
progress in relation to previous elections, concludes the International
Election Observation Mission in a statement of preliminary findings and
conclusions issued today.

The Georgian authorities have seized the opportunity in the last few months
to bring Georgia’s election process into closer alignment with European
standards for democratic elections, the Mission has found. However,
continued intimidation and physical abuse against opposition supporters and
journalists in Ajara, cast a shadow over the overall progress in the
election process, its statement adds.

It also makes clear that Georgia’s election process will only be fully
tested in a more competitive environment, once a genuine level of political
pluralism is re-established.

http://www.a1plus.am

Bill on Holding Rallies and Meetings to be Discussed

A1 Plus | 17:09:53 | 29-03-2004 | Politics |

BILL ON HOLDING RALLIES AND MEETINGS TO BE DISCUSSED

Parliament will discuss the bill on “Order for Holding Meetings, Rallies and
Marches”. Suggestions over making amendments to the Law on “Administrative
Law Transgression” are represented, too.

Parliament State and Legal Committee and the temporary Committee of
Integration with the European Structures introduced these bills.

Parliament has continued discussion of the Labor Code since morning. It is
planned to consider the suggestions over making changes to the law on
granting privileges of tax and social insurance payments to Agarak’ copper
and molybdenum enterprise and Kapan’ ore mining and processing enterprise.

http://www.a1plus.am

Armenian opposition official says attack on him politically motivate

Armenian opposition official says attack on him politically motivated

Noyan Tapan news agency
25 Mar 04

YEREVAN

The secretary of the opposition Justice faction, Viktor Dallakyan, was
attacked on 23 March. Dallakyan said that three unidentified people
attacked him at about 2240 1840 gmt , and as a result he was
injured. The attackers took his leather coat with his deputy mandate,
keys and diary in the pocket.

“I am an active participant in opposition activities and it is
absolutely obvious that the incident had political grounds,” Dallakyan
said. He expressed his confidence that the authorities would not be
able to undermine the opposition by such attacks.

“The authorities should understand that by throwing eggs or attacking
people in the dark they cannot stop the process which has started in
Armenia: change of power is inevitable as all the people demand this.”

Dallakyan did not rule out that the authorities could take unexpected
steps and added that the opposition was ready for any
developments. Commenting on Defence Minister Serzh Sarkisyan’s
statements that the army was entitled to ensure internal order,
Dallakyan said: “I would like to tell the minister that under Point 13
Article 55 of the Constitution, the army can be used only in case of a
war or external threat.”

ANCA-WR News: Los Angeles Mayor Backs Genocide Resolution

Armenian National Committee of America-Western Region
104 North Belmont Street, Suite 200
Glendale, California 91206
Phone: 818.500.1918 Fax: 818.246.7353
[email protected]

PRESS RELEASE
March 24, 2004

Contact: Ardashes Kassakhian
Telephone: 818.500.1918

LOS ANGELES MAYOR EXPRESSES FULL SUPPORT FOR ANCA GENOCIDE PREVENTION
POSTCARD CAMPAIGN

Los Angeles, CA – Los Angeles Mayor James Hahn expressed his full
support for the ANCA Genocide Prevention Postcard Campaign. The
Postcard Campaign is designed to seek passage of legislation pending
in both the U.S. Senate andHouse of Representatives commemorating the
15th anniversary of America’s adoptionof the Genocide Convention. The
legislation specifically references the Armenian Genocide. Over 50,000
Americans have participated in the ANCA postcard Campaign since it was
launched last year.

Mayor Hahn expressed his support for the ANCA Postcard Campaign in a
personal note sent to ANCA-WR Headquarters on March 17, 2004. The
Mayor thanked the ANCA for focusing Congressional attention on the
need to end cycles of genocide. `The ANCA Genocide Postcard Campaign
continues the never-ending endeavor to keep alive in our minds and
memory what History is want to omit: the extent to which humans are
capable of implementing a system of hate,’ wrote Mayor Hahn in his
letter to ANCA-WR Chairman Raffi Hamparian.

“We appreciate Mayor Hahn’s support for the ANCA Genocide Postcard
Campaign,” explained ANCA-WR Executive Director Ardashes
Kassakhian. “His support for our Campaign is building the momentum we
need to force Congressional leaders to permit a vote on bills, which
we and over 100 organizations support, commemorating the 15th
anniversary of America’s adoption of the Genocide Convention,’
Kassakhian added.

Individuals wishing to participate in the ANCA Genocide Prevention
Postcard Campaign are encouraged to contact the ANCA-WR offices at
(818) 500-1918 or visit

The Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA) is the largest and
most influential Armenian American grassroots political organization.
Working in coordination with a network of offices, chapters, and
supporters throughoutthe United States and affiliated organizations
around the world, the ANCA actively advances the concerns of the
Armenian American community on a broad range of issues.

Editor’s Note: Letter from Mayor Hahn is attached.
#####

www.anca.org
www.anca.org.

The provider

The provider
Jerusalem Post Online
DANIEL BEN-TALMar. 21, 2004

The tale of Rahamim Moshik Levy, a former Etzel militia warrior and
one of the capital’s few surviving kerosene distributors.

Veteran Jerusalemites fondly remember the city’s once-ubiquitous
kerosene distributors.

“There was a time when everybody knew me and I knew everybody,”
recalls Rahamim Moshik Levy, who delivered heating fuel from his horse
and cart for almost two decades.

In 1968, Levy got behind the steering wheel of a much-maligned,
German-made “Gogomobile” distribution van.

“It had an aluminum motor, two flimsy chains, and couldn’t pull a ton
of fuel up the steep Jerusalem hills – I was happier with the horse.”

A road accident in 1984 forced him into early retirement and now he is
wheelchair-bound, but Levy has no regrets.

“I wasn’t spoilt,” he under-states.

The second of eight siblings, he was born in 1927 in Nahlaot – then a
struggling neighborhood of impoverished immigrants from Persia, Allepo
in northern Syria and the Urfa district spanning the Syrian-Turkish
border.

“Life was very, very hard,” Levy relates. “People didn’t have big eyes
in those days – we were happy with what we had. I grew up in a small
ghetto: a tight community, surrounded by Arabs. We were scared to
cross the wadi into Sheikh Bader, where the Knesset and Givat Ram
campus are now. There used to be wheat fields where Sacher Park is
today – as children, we would pick the wheat until the Arabs chased us
away with rocks and dogs.”

His father Moshe (Musa) fled from Urfa to Israel by donkey back in
1916.

“The Turks were slaughtering Armenians by the hundreds of thousands,
and the Jews realized that they were next. Entire villages of Jews
left before the Turks could massacre them also.”

Levy Sr. sold blocks of Nablusi soap (traditional soap from olive oil,
water, elm ashes, and plaster still produced in Nablus).

“We maintained good relations with the Arabs before the War of
Independence.

I had many friends in the Old City, and often slept at Abu-Haled’s
house,” he says.

“When I was about 15, he took me to Id-el Adha prayers in the Al-Aksa
Mosque.

I was young and brave, and didn’t think about the danger. I dressed
like a young Muslim, stood when they stood, and knelt when they knelt
– nobody realized that I was a Jew!” While Hebrew was the children’s
mother tongue, the family spoke Arabic at home.

“We would read the Pessah Seder service in Hebrew, Aramaic and
Arabic,” he chuckles, then playfully recites the Ma Nishtana (Four
Questions) in Arabic.

“Our parents spoke to each other in Turkish when they didn’t want us
to understand.”

The pre-state Yishuv endured an economic crisis during the 1930s, and
the debt-shackled family business fell bankrupt in 1936. Aged 13, Levy
became a cobbler.

At the same time, he was also a street activist for the pre-state
Etzel militia.

“Our family hid a weapons slick of pistols and hand grenades under an
old hut in our courtyard, but I wasn’t involved in the hit-and-run
operations – my job was to post Herut banners around the city under
the cover of darkness,” he says.

Early one morning, the British police caught Levy by the Ritz Caf near
today’s Liberty Bell Gardens, and took him to their police station
near Jaffa Gate for interrogation. After he was released, his mother
begged him to leave Etzel and join the Hagana instead, so he bought a
blue shirt with red lace – it was a good disguise against the British.

Levy vividly recalls listening to the UN partition vote of November
29, 1947 on a crackling radio.

“It was Saturday night and my father was asleep, but I woke him to
tell him the news. Outside, there was spontaneous celebrating and hora
dancing – except for one rabbi, who warned everyone that the Arabs
were sharpening their swords.”

British rule was already crumbling by the time he was sent for a
two-week Hagana training camp in Tel Aviv.

“Every one of my school class answered the call to the flag. Many did
not return,” he recounts.

On their return, his convoy of armored buses found the road to
Jerusalem blocked by Arab militants, but took advantage of a heavy
rainstorm to break through to the capital.

“The city was under siege. The rain-swept streets were deserted, and
the British were confiscating weapons from Jews to give to the Arabs,”
he recalls.

On May 16, 1948 – the day after prime minister David Ben-Gurion
proclaimed Israel’s independence in Tel Aviv – Levy was dispatched to
guard food convoys to Neveh Ya’acov.

He later spent six months defending Kibbutz Ramat Rahel.

“We lived in trenches and couldn’t raise our heads because of
snipers. On Yom Kippur night 1948, they brought us this secret weapon,
the Davidka. We fired it at Mar Elias and Tzur Bacher… The noise
scared them so much that they ran away.”

Demobilized in 1949, Levy married his childhood sweetheart, Mazal, and
moved into a 3 m. x 2 m. room with no WC or running water. He soon
found a job as one of Jerusalem’s 35 kerosene distributors, riding its
familiar streets on a horse-drawn cart with wooden wheels.

“I would ring my bell, and people shouted their orders from their
windows. It was hard work carrying kerosene containers up staircases
for 12 hours, but I earned six lire a day.”

Levy had to provide for five children, and went back to making shoes
during the summer months.

“I never let them suffer like I did as a child.”

In 1952, he joined the Shalhevet fuel distribution cooperative, and
eventually upgraded to a rubber-tired cart, loading about 600 liters
daily at the kerosene depot near his horse’s stable behind the railway
station.

“Those were the happiest days of my life. I would ring my bell as I
rode past the Jordanian legionnaires on the Old City Walls by the
Mandelbaum Gate.”

He finished his career driving a small Dodge D-200 tanker after the
cooperative folded in 1982.

“Times move on and the market disappeared,” he shrugs.

For comments and feedback on this article email: [email protected]

This article can also be read at
;cid=1079844505460&p=1077423454793

Copyright 1995-2004 The Jerusalem Post –

http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&amp
http://www.jpost.com/

Aravot: Useful advice to Misha

Useful advice to Misha

Aravot, Yerevan
13 Mar 04

On the eve of his visit to Armenia, Georgian President Mikheil
Saakashvili gave an interview to Armenian journalists and said that he
wanted very much to learn Armenia’s experience in the law-enforcement
agencies and especially, in fighting corruption in the police, as the
level of corruption in Georgia is incomparably higher than in Armenia,
according to Saakashvili. So the Georgian president wants Kocharyan to
explain how he manages to do this and in addition, how our president
has managed to establish law and order in the state service system. We
are also eager to discuss this issue with Kocharyan. To be short, the
young president of Georgia has come to Armenia not only for
establishing friendly relations with the Armenians, but also for
learning our country’s experience that will be applied in Georgia
afterwards.

If, for example, the police in Georgia do not simply take bribes as
they do in our country, but demand money from drivers threatening them
with a gun, then Kocharyan may give really good advice. The same
concerns the state system, as nobody is being robbed in our country,
and people and private companies “pay taxes” of their own volition. In
this case, Kocharyan will teach Saakashvili how to create a system
under which people will give bribes to officials and policemen of
their own volition.

But corruption is not the most important issue. The newly-elected
president of Georgia should be thinking of gaining victory in the next
presidential elections, when the people’s euphoria ends and most of
social problems are not resolved. Our president will really become an
inestimable adviser for Saakashvili on the issue of “being re-elected”.
For example, Kocharyan may give very valuable advice about how to
revoke the licence of any undesirable independent TV company, about
how to turn the parliament into a puppet, about the laws that the
parliament should be forced adopt in order to restrict freedom of
speech and the press and about how to fight the opposition that
irritates them from time to time. Saakashvili may get advice about how
to stuff ballot boxes and rig the results of elections. And remember,
my friend Misha [meaning Mikheil Saakashvili], opposition activists
should be definitely arrested. The people should be kept in an
atmosphere of fear. To be honest, Saakashvili will learn all these
skills without his counterpart’s advice in a year.

Paul Goebel says no democratic revolution in Azerbaidjan yet

Paul Goebel says no democratic revolution in Azerbaidjan yet

Pravda
14:42 2004-03-16

To date, there has not been a democratic revolution in Azerbaidjan,’
according to American political scientist Paul Goebel. In a radio
interview Monday with the Voice of America, Goebel said that ‘the
holding of elections does not indicate the presence of democracy. In
addition, the majority of the people in Azerbaidjan are inheritors of
the Soviet system and continue to display that mentality. Such people
hope that the presence of even a modicum of stability is a good thing,
but what they don’t understand is that it’s impossible to sustain such
stability.’

He expressed the hope that the current president of Azerbaidjan will
consider the long-term interests of the country. ‘The question doesn’t
concern the next two or three years, but the condition of the country
in 40 or 50 years. In order to achieve success, it is imperative that
Azerbaidjan shift over to democracy. That shift has to be carried out
by the people of Azerbaidjan themselves,’ he said.

The most worrisome factor, in Goebel’s opinion, is the fact that the
government is not yet based on the rule of law, that civic
institutions are absent, and that elections are neither free nor
fair. ‘One shouldn’t consider the preservation of independence since
1991 as an accomplishment,’ he said. ‘Negative influences on the
development of Azerbaidjan consist of a lack of fundamental
governmental institutions, the presence of corruption and problems
with democracy. Currently, the government of Azerbaidjan merely
appears strong. In fact, the system is extremely weak and must be
strengthened,’ said Goebel. Blaming the lack of democratic reforms on
the persistent conflict between Armenia and Azerbaidjan is not good
enough. External threats are often used to justify the absence of a
government based on the rule of law.’