The Road Towards Peace: The Aftermath Of The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict


Aug 29 2021


It has been close to nine months since the “second Nagorno-Karabakh war” ended with the country of Azerbaijan becoming victorious over Armenia for control of the contested enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh. However, the hastily signed peace deal by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Russia to end the military conflict within the region has not brought forth a solution for long-term peace and stability in the region. Many Armenians continue to be affected by the conflict with thousands being displaced and hundreds being illegally detained and tortured. This is in conjunction with the state-led campaign of cultural destruction of Armenian heritage in efforts to eliminate the historical existence of the Armenian population. Overall, the peace deal has not overcome the decades long Nagorno-Karabakh conflict with the status and stability of the region still in question today.

The 44-day war between Azerbaijan and Armenia has been an ongoing conflict which traces its roots back to many centuries ago when Muslim Azerbaijanis and Christian Armenians fought for control over the region. The continuous dispute over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave was evident even during the Armenian genocide where leaders of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic worked alongside the Ottomans to eliminate the Armenian population. During the early 1900s, the Soviet Union decided to grant Nagorno-Karabakh an autonomous oblast status which was used to gain support for Soviet ruling from Armenia. However, this decision was reversed, and the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) was given to the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) by the upcoming leader of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin. This decision to win the support from then-Turkish President Mustafa Kemal Ataturk set into motion decades of political, economic, and cultural turmoil against the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh that still continues today.

Despite a full ceasefire agreement signed by both Armenia and Azerbaijan, the provisions within the deal have not brought forth full stability or peace to the region. Within the agreement, certain provisions were included such as a phasing out of the Armenian military from the territories of Nagorno-Karabakh, Lachin, Kelbajar, and Agdam. Within the peace deal, it is evident that the victors of the conflict were the Azerbaijanis who gained back much of the territory they lost over 30 years ago while not having to give any sort of autonomy to Nagorno-Karabakh. However, for Armenia, the ceasefire agreement points to the massive losses they must bear in the aftermath of the conflict. The biggest loss is the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh which is seen by the Armenian community as integral to their heritage, history, and culture. This loss of the region has led to many Armenians taking to the streets to voice their frustrations towards the signing of the peace deal which many believe was done with no consideration of the Armenian people.

Furthermore, the ceasefire does not take into consideration the situations regarding the thousands of ethnic Armenians who remain in the Nagorno-Karabakh region. While the ending of the fighting between the two sides does lessen the violence towards civilians, there is no real assurance from the peace deal that ensures that ethnic Armenians will have a safe evacuation from Nagorno-Karabakh or neighboring areas. Within the peace deal, the internally displaced persons, and refugees have been called to return to Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding areas. However, the deal did not clearly outline the provisions for the ethnic Armenians wishing to remain or return to Nagorno-Karabakh especially during the period of rising tensions where more Azerbaijanis are returning to the region.

As Azerbaijan’s occupation of the region continues, it has become more noticeable that many of the “cultural restoration” projects in the region are in efforts to erase Armenian heritage and history. As explained by Foreign Policy, “…Azerbaijan’s occupation has seen the erasure of Armenian inscriptions and cultural markers… in effort to deny the indigeneity of Armenians to the region”. Additionally, the continued inflammatory rhetoric from Azerbaijan government officials that refers to southern Armenia as the “historical territory of Azerbaijan” has been interpreted as a threat by the Armenian population. It has been clear through the provisions of the ceasefire agreement and the continuous dangerous rhetoric that the country of Azerbaijan is not dedicated to protecting the rights of the Armenian population within Nagorno-Karabakh or engaging in good faith talks to ensure long-lasting stability within the region.

There needs to be a proper negotiated settlement agreed upon by those involved in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The region and surrounding territories of Nagorno-Karabakh have yet to overcome the traumatic events and consequences of the conflict which has led to a lessening in the chances of peace and stability over time. As identified by the US Ambassador to Armenia, Lynne Tracy, the civilians of Nagorno-Karabakh are still caught up in the middle of the conflict. This is impending their ability to live safely and securely in their own homes. The United States has urged Armenia and Azerbaijan to start new peace talks to find a comprehensive solution to this impending crisis.

During the negotiated settlement talks, it can potentially be beneficial if there is unbiased mediation involved in the process of conflict resolution. The involvement of international third parties can help to stop the continuation of hostilities and lessen the severity of the conflict. This will be greatly beneficial in the case of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. For example, since Russia has a key role in the history of the conflict and negotiated peace settlements, it can turn to the Organization for Cooperation and Security to oversee the peace negotiations for Nagorno-Karabakh. The negotiated peace settlement talks could also involve the UN Security Council members passing a resolution for a ceasefire. This resolution can include specific provisions that outline the rights and protections of civilians.  Additionally, the continued dedication to protect the internally displaced people and refugees should also be considered within the negotiated peace talks. There needs to be a commitment within the negotiated peace deal to ensure that resources are allocated properly to help with the costs of resettling civilians and fixing infrastructure destroyed in the conflict.

Within these peace talks, it is crucial that both Armenia and Azerbaijan are listening and negotiating with each other. If the peace deal made is like the one made on November 9, 2020 – as in it only sees provisions that primarily benefit one actor of the conflict – there may be a recurrence of conflict. The so-called peace deal can potentially leave a generation of the Armenian population frustrated and resentful of the instabilities and inequalities of the region. More importantly, it does not leave the ability to establish long-lasting peace in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories.

Overall, the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has a long and complicated history which continues to have a hold on the region and populations of Azerbaijan and Armenia. This conflict continues to take lives and has forcibly displaced numerous civilians who are caught in the crossfire of this recurring conflict. It is essential to have a negotiated peace settlement that seeks to address the aftermath of the conflict while protecting the rights of civilians. If there is not a dedication to stop the recurrence of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the region will only continue to suffer and experience more instability and insecurity resulting in less protections for civilians.

Tehran: ​Baku blocks land route to Armenia

Tehran Times, Iran
Aug 27 2021

  1. Politics
– 22:8

TEHRAN — Iran’s customs spokesman said on Friday that a part of the land route from Iran to Armenia was blocked by the forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Seyed Ruhollah Latifi, spokesman for the customs, said, "According to the news received from some drivers, the entrance of the Goris-Kapan road to Armenia was blocked by the Azerbaijani forces."

He added that it is said that the negotiations between Yerevan officials and Baku in this regard took place on Friday morning.

Latifi emphasized, “Passengers and trucks carrying goods should make sure that the route is open in Armenia before leaving for the border of ‘Norduz’ in East Azerbaijan province.”

The Azeri Defense Ministry claimed that two Armenian soldiers attempted to stab an Azeri border guard in the area.

However, the Armenian Defense Ministry denied there was any incident, calling the statement a "sheer lie" and "more disinformation campaign by Azerbaijan."

SA/PA

EU High Representative to Armenia FM: We are prepared to provide assistance related to border delimitation

News.am, Armenia
Aug 28 2021

YEREVAN. – Vice-President of the European Commission, High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell, has sent a congratulatory message to Ararat Mirzoyan on his assuming the position of the Foreign Minister of Armenia, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs informed.

“Armenia is an important partner of the European Union. Our relations have intensified significantly since 2018 and the entry into force of our Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement on 1 March 2021 was another important, positive milestone. The implementation of this agreement is a central part of our bilateral relations and we stand ready to continue cooperating in areas of mutual interest, including strengthening democracy, the rule of law and human rights, jobs and business opportunities, the environment, better education and opportunities for research,” the message reads, in particular.

“Your appointment comes at a crucial time for Armenia. Following last year’s hostilities, I would like to reiterate the EU’s readiness to contribute, including through the EU Special Representative for the South Caucasus, in the shaping of a durable and comprehensive settlement, for instance, where possible through support for post conflict rehabilitation and confidence building measures. We continue to support the efforts of the OSCE Minsk Group in this regard. In addition, we are also prepared to provide assistance related to border delimitation. Given that all our countries are still grappling with the COVID-19 pandemic, let me also emphasize that the European Union continues to be committed to supporting Armenia in dealing with this public health crisis and its consequences,” the message adds, in part.


RFE/RL Armenian Report – 07/21/2021

                                        Wednesday, 

Armenian Opposition Mayors Resign Under Government Pressure

        • Karine Simonian

Armenia - Mher Gevorgian, head of the Gyulagarak enlarged community of Lori 
province, talks to RFE/RL in his office, April 30, 2020.


The heads of at least three rural communities in Armenia’s northern Lori 
province supporting opposition groups have resigned, bowing to government 
pressure exerted on them after last month’s parliamentary elections.

Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian pledged to wage “political vendettas” against 
opposition-linked local officials across the country during the election 
campaign. He claimed that they are forcing their subordinates to attend campaign 
rallies held by his political opponents.

A top aide to Pashinian effectively demanded their resignation shortly after the 
announcement of the official election results that gave victory to the ruling 
Civil Contract party. Armenian media outlets reported in the following days that 
several provincial governors are summoning pro-opposition village mayors and 
pressuring them to step down.

Lori’s Governor Aram Khachatrian said on June 29 that the election outcome 
amounted to a vote of no confidence in those mayors.

Arsen Titanian, the head of the village of Odzun supporting the opposition 
Hayastan bloc, claimed on June 23 to have been beaten up by Khachatrian’s 
subordinates inside the provincial administration building after telling the 
governor that he will not resign.

Law-enforcement launched a criminal investigation but have still not arrested or 
indicted anyone. Khachatrian denies ordering the alleged beating.

Hayastan was also openly backed during the parliamentary race by Mher Gevorgian, 
the longtime mayor of Gyulagarak and several smaller Lori villages making up a 
single community.

As recently as on June 29, Gevorgian insisted that he has no intention to quit. 
Nevertheless, he tendered his resignation on Tuesday.

“I want to take some rest,” Gevorgian told RFE/RL’s Armenian Service on 
Wednesday. “I have worked nonstop for 23 years.

He said at the same time that he will run in the local election which will have 
to be held after his resignation. “My people love me and I love them,” he said. 
“I will run and win.”

The long-serving heads of two other Lori villages, Hartagyugh and Saralanj, have 
also stepped down in recent days. One of them claimed to have health problems 
while the other said he wants to engage in entrepreneurial activity.


Armenia - Lori Governor Aram Khachatrian.

Governor Khachatrian denied any connection between the resignations and his 
post-election statement. But he also reiterated that residents of the region 
bordering Georgia will soon “feel on their skin the power of the steel mandate” 
which he said the ruling party won in the recent general elections.

In a June 30 statement, the chairman of the Union of Communities of Armenia, 
which represents the country’s elected local administrations, condemned 
government attempts to get rid of dissident mayors as illegal and undemocratic.

Hayastan, which finished second in the June 20 elections, has also deplored the 
government pressure.

Individuals linked to the opposition bloc headed by former President Robert 
Kocharian have run many towns and villages in southeastern Syunik province. They 
demanded Pashinian’s resignation shortly after Armenia’s defeat in the autumn 
war with Azerbaijan.

Four Syunik mayors have been arrested this month on different charges rejected 
by them as politically motivated.



Pro-Opposition Doctor Freed On Bail

        • Marine Khachatrian

Armenia - Former President Robert Kocharian (R) greets Armen Charchian, director 
of the Izmirlian Medical Center, during a rally in Yerevan, May 9, 2021.


A prominent Armenian surgeon affiliated with the main opposition Hayastan 
alliance was released on bail on Wednesday one month after being arrested for 
allegedly pressuring his subordinates to participate in the June 20 
parliamentary elections.

Armen Charchian, who headed Yerevan’s Izmirlian Medical Center, was prosecuted 
after a non-governmental organization publicized a leaked audio recording of his 
pre-election meeting with hospital personnel.

Charchian, who ran for the parliament on the Hayastan ticket, told them that 
they must vote in the snap elections or face “much tougher treatment” by the 
hospital management. He was indicted under an article of the Criminal Code that 
prohibits any coercion of voters.

Charchian rejected the accusations as baseless and politically motivated before 
a Yerevan court allowed a law-enforcement agency on June 23 to arrest him 
pending investigation. Hayastan’s leadership, the Armenian Apostolic Church, 
which owns the hospital, as well as hundreds of medics have since demanded his 
release.

The high-profile trial of the 61-year-old doctor began on Monday. A judge 
presiding over the trial agreed to grant him bail. Charchian’s supporters 
present in the courtroom greeted the decision with rapturous applause.

“Unfortunately, it took justice so long to be done,” one of Charchian’s lawyers, 
Aram Vardevanian, told reporters. “The professor should have never been arrested 
in the first place.”

Another lawyer, Erik Aleksanian, insisted that his client is a victim of 
“political persecution” ordered by the government.

Aleksanian said earlier that the accusations are groundless because the leaked 
audio contains only a short excerpt from Charchian’s comments made at the 
meeting with the Izmirlian Medical Center staff. He said a longer recording 
presented by the defense lawyers shows that the hospital chief made clear he 
will not resort to “repression” against anyone refusing to go to the polls.

Charchian also denied any wrongdoing when he spoke to RFE/RL’s Armenian Service 
shortly before his arrest. He said he only asked his staffers to vote on June 20 
and did not threaten to fire anyone.

Prosecutors maintain, however, that his remarks amounted to election-related 
pressure and coercion prohibited by Armenian law.

In the leaked audio, Charchian also stressed the fact that the Armenian 
Apostolic Church is at currently loggerheads with Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian.

Charchian is one of Hayastan’s 29 election candidates elected to the Armenian 
parliament. His lawyers said that he will take up his parliament seat despite 
his ongoing trial.

If convicted, the surgeon will risk between four and seven years in prison.



Serzh Sarkisian’s Bloc To Also Take Up Parliament Seats

        • Astghik Bedevian

Armenia - Former President Serzh Sarkissian and former National Security Service 
Director Artur Vanetsian preside over the official establishment of an 
opposition alliance comprising their political parties, May 15, 2021


Former President Serzh Sarkisian’s opposition alliance said on Wednesday that it 
too will accept its seats in Armenia’s new parliament despite refusing to 
recognize Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian’s victory in last month’s parliamentary 
elections.

According to the official election results, the Pativ Unem (I Have the Honor) 
bloc comprising Sarkisian’s Republican Party (HHK) and former National Security 
Service Director Artur Vanetsian’s Fatherland party finished second in the June 
20 polls with 5.2 percent of votes.

The bloc will control seven parliament seats despite failing to clear a 7 
percent vote threshold to enter the 107-member National Assembly. It benefited 
from a legal provision stipulating that at least three political groups must be 
represented in the Armenian parliament.

Pashinian’s Civil Contract party won 71 parliament seats, with the remaining 29 
seats to be held by the opposition Hayastan bloc led by another ex-president, 
Robert Kocharian.

Both Pativ Unem and Hayastan rejected the official results as fraudulent, 
demanding that Armenia’s Constitutional Court annul them. The court rejected 
their appeals before Kocharian’s bloc announced on Tuesday that it will avoid a 
permanent boycott of the parliament favored by some opposition supporters.

A Pativ Unem spokesman, Sos Hakobian, told RFE/RL’s Armenian Service that 
Sarkisian’s bloc will also take up its parliament seats.

The seats are to be given up to the top seven candidates on Pativ Unem’s 
electoral list, including Vanetsian and former Yerevan Mayor Taron Markarian. 
Hakobian said that none of them has decided to drop out so far.

Sarkisian, who ruled Armenia from 2008-2018, was not among Pativ Unem candidates 
despite taking center stage in the bloc’s election campaign.

By contrast, Kocharian topped his alliance’s electoral list, aiming for the post 
of prime minister. Still, he decided to cede his parliament seat to another 
Hayastan candidate.

Both opposition blocs have pledged to stick to their uncompromising stances on 
Pashinian’s administration blamed by them for Armenia’s defeat in last year’s 
war in Nagorno-Karabakh.


Reprinted on ANN/Armenian News with permission from RFE/RL
Copyright (c) 2021 Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, Inc.
1201 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20036.

 

Earthquake kills five people in Tajikistan

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 12:48,

YEREVAN, JULY 10, ARMENPRESS. Five people have been killed in a magnitude-5.9 earthquake that hit central Tajikistan on Saturday, TASS reports citing the Khovar news agency.

According to the news agency, the earthquake damaged powerlines and about 20 homes in several settlements.

According to the European-Mediterranean Seismological Center, the quake’s epicenter was 171 kilometers southeast of the city of Khujand.

Aram Vardevanyan: Heads of almost all Syunik communities facing pressure to resign

Panorama, Armenia

The Constitutional Court of Armenia on Saturday continued hearings on the opposition appeals challenging the official results of last month’s snap parliamentary elections.

"How many members of the Armenia alliance were urged or forced to resign,” judge Arevik Petrosyan asked a member of the opposition Armenia bloc, lawyer Aram Vardevanyan at today’s hearing.

The lawyer highlighted that caretaker Prime Minster Nikol Pashinyan warned of political vendetta in his speech on June 8, saying “all community leaders will be kicked out of office”.

“Incidentally, this process is continuous,” Vardevanyan said.

He noted that almost all heads of communities in Syunik Province are facing pressure to step down and criminal proceedings are being initiated against them.

“I will not disclose a specific number, I just believe that what was said by the highest-ranking person in Armenia about community leaders, his wording provides a rather comprehensive picture,” he said.

Newspaper: Armenia law enforcement agencies’ heads write letters of resignations day before snap elections

News.am, Armenia

YEREVAN. – Zhoghovurd newspaper of Armenia writes. According to Zhoghovurd daily’s information, a day before the snap parliamentary elections that were held on June 20, a number of people holding senior positions at the law enforcement agencies wrote letters of resignations, thinking that the opposition would win as a result of the elections, and decided to insure themselves.

They had decided that once the Central Electoral Commission announced the election results, they would immediately sign the letters of resignation and leave. However, as it is known, the Central Electoral Commission, summing up the preliminary results of the election, registered the victory—with 53.91 percent—of the current authorities.

And, according to our information, after learning about that, the people holding senior positions at the law enforcement agencies who wrote letters of resignations tore those letters right in their offices; that is, the outcome of the elections was to their liking.

Georgian PM announced about readiness to assume the role of mediator between Armenia and Azerbaijan

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 21:27,

YEREVAN, JUNE 25, ARMENPRESS. Georgian Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili said in a speech at the parliament that Georgia had successfully acted as a mediator between Azerbaijan and Armenia, referring to Georgia's role in the return of 15 Armenian captives held in Azerbaijan. ARMENPRESS reports, citing Georgian media, Irakli Garibashvili noted that Georgia had never played such a role before.

"It was the _expression_ of the confidence of the leaders of the two countries towards Georgia. In my turn, I reaffirm Georgia's full readiness to continue to play a mediating role in this process," Garibashvili said.

Earlier, the Georgian Prime Minister's Office reported that Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili was personally involved in the return of 15 Armenian captives on June 12, and that due to his efforts the Armenian side provided Baku with valuable information on the minefields.




Armenpress: Council of French-Armenians congratulates Pashinyan on election victory

Council of French-Armenians congratulates Pashinyan on election victory

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 10:25,

YEREVAN, JUNE 24, ARMENPRESS. The Council of French-Armenians congratulated Armenia’s caretaker Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan on his Civil Contract party’s victory in the June 20 snap parliamentary elections.

“International observers have recorded that the voting has taken place in the conditions of healthy democracy. The Council of French-Armenians hopes that after the end of the war and the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 and the beginning of 2021 dedicated to the election campaign, the country will restore its normal course and will be able to ensure a prosperous future, built on political governance based on the values of freedom and republican democracy. The Council, developing in a country which has fundamental republican values and spreads them in many countries of the world, will be happy to participate in the spread of these values, as well as to the economic, educational and cultural development in Armenia”, the statement says.

Armenia held snap parliamentary elections on June 20.

21 political parties and 4 blocs were running for parliament.

Accordingly, the Civil Contract party led by caretaker Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan received 53.92% of the votes, the “Armenia” bloc led by 2nd President of Armenia Robert Kocharyan – 21.04%, “I Have the Honor” bloc – 5.23%, CEC Chairman Tigran Mukuchyan said at the Committee’s extraordinary session.

1 million 282 thousand 411 citizens or 49.4% of the voters cast their ballot in the early elections.

4682 ballots were declared invalid.

 

Editing and Translating by Aneta Harutyunyan

Armenpress: Armen Charchyan remanded

Armen Charchyan remanded

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 21:41,

YEREVAN, JUNE 23, ARMENPRESS. Charges were pressed against member of ''Armenia Alliance, head of Izmirlian Medical Center Armen Charchyan for exerting pressure on his employees during the pre-election campaign.

As ARMENPRESS was informed from the press service of the Investigative Committee, on the same day the investigator of the case filed a motion to the court for choosing detention as a precautionary measure for Armen Charchyan. The motion was saitisfied on June 23.

In the recording that has gone viral, the person naming himself Armen Charchyan urges and demands his employees to participate in the elections. ‘’I can say that I am the 20th number of Armenia Alliance, which is a very good ranking and can give great opportunities…. Being member of the Armenia Alliance, I have the technical opportunity to check the lists and see who has gone to the elections, and who has not’’, he said, threatening with "much harsher treatment" and "severely inadequate response" in case of not fulfilling his demand.