AAA: Assembly Leaders Convene In California

Armenian Assembly of America
122 C Street, NW, Suite 350
Washington, DC 20001
Phone: 202-393-3434
Fax: 202-638-4904
Email: [email protected]
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PRESS RELEASE
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
November 12, 2004
CONTACT: Christine Kojoian
E-mail: [email protected]

ARMENIAN ASSEMBLY LEADERS CONVENE IN CALIFORNIA
Board Members Review Year, Lay Groundwork for 2005

San Francisco, CA – Led by Chairman Anthony Barsamian, the Armenian
Assembly Board of Directors convened on November 6 at the Sir Francis
Drake Hotel for a full day of business meetings that included an in
depth look at Assembly operations in the Washington, Los Angeles and
Yerevan offices.

“The San Francisco session was extremely productive and has reaffirmed
the Board’s commitment to the Assembly’s goals,” said Barsamian.
“During the meeting, Members raised key questions regarding the
Assembly’s current and long-term initiatives which we will continue
to look at in the month’s ahead.”

Looking at the year ahead, the Board approved the 2005 operating
budget and set a preliminary agenda for the coming year. To that end,
they also discussed the Assembly’s efforts to co-sponsor the 90th
anniversary and subsequent commemorations of the Armenian Genocide
in our nation’s capital under the auspices of the Armenian Caucus
and Armenian Embassy.

Meeting participants included Board of Trustees President Carolyn Mugar
and Board of Directors Members Murat Acemoglu, Bryan Ardouny, Berge
Ayvazian, Lisa Esayian, Edele Hovnanian, Lisa Kalustian, Van Krikorian,
Richard Mushegain, Gail O’Reilly, Annie Totah and Peter Vosbikian.

Executive Director Ross Vartian, along with Deputy Executive Director
Peter Abajian and Finance Director Colleen Clancy, were also on hand
to provide the group additional information on the following program
areas: Development and Membership, Finance, Government Affairs,
Grassroots, Internship and Public Affairs.

Prior to the weekend meeting, Board of Directors Treasurer Berge
Ayvazian on November 5 moderated a panel discussion on Armenia’s
Economic Development which was held at the hotel. Panelists
included Adam Kablanian of Virage Logic, Tony Moryoyan of Viasphere
International, Board Member Gail O’Reilly of Made in Armenia Direct
and Anahid Yeremian of CRD Support Committee. The event attracted a
high community turnout and was organized by the Assembly’s Northern
California Regional Council.

The Council also helped plan a Saturday night dinner for supporters,
which was hosted at the home of Development Co-Chair Suzanne Abnous
and her husband, Fellow Trustee Razmik Abnous. More than 50 people
attended the event in Danville, CA which welcomed more than two dozen
new members.

Barsamian and Mugar thanked the Abnous’ for opening their home to the
Assembly and presented the couple with a gift created by a child in
Armenia. “We’re extremely grateful to Suzanne and Razmik for hosting
such a lovely evening,” said Mugar. “We also thank members of the
Northern California Regional Council for their contributions to the
evening’s success.”

The Armenian Assembly of America is the largest Washington-based
nationwide organization promoting public understanding and awareness
of Armenian issues. It is a 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt membership
organization.

NR#2004-098

–Boundary_(ID_esSk5GBJaufLSkMrWjVdBA)–

www.armenianassembly.org

Armenia agrees to resume the Prague talks on settlement in Karabakh

ARMENIA AGREES TO RESUME THE PRAGUE TALKS ON THE SETTLEMENT IN KARABAKH

Agency WPS
DEFENSE and SECURITY (Russia)
November 12, 2004, Friday

Armenia is ready to resume the Prague talks on the settlement in
Karabakh and lead them until the complete settlement, Armenian
Foreign Minister Vardan Oskanyan told in an interview with radio
Liberty. In his words, considerable results were achieved at the
first round of talks in Prague. “We’ll be able to enhance the results
at the second round of the Prague Talks,” the minister said and added
that Armenia has already given its accord to launch the second round
of talks. Oskanyan thus denied statements by the official Baku that
Armenia asked that the talks be postponed so that it could think its
stance over. Commenting on the issue concerning the occupied
territories in the UN, Oskanyan called this “a serious mistake of
Azerbaijani diplomacy.” In his words, Azerbaijan doesn’t have to hope
that the Prague Talks could be conducted simultaneously with the
discussions in the UN. “We either work in the framework of the Minsk
OSCE Group or official Baku deals with the leaders of Nagorny
Karabakh,” Oskanyan said.

Russia must not preach ethnic hatred, envoy to Armenia says

Russia must not preach ethnic hatred, envoy to Armenia says

Aykakan Zhamanak, Yerevan
11 Nov 04

Russia and Armenia must maintain and foster their relations, the
Russian envoy has told a conference in Yerevan. Asked to comment on the
attitude in Russia towards Caucasian people after the Beslan school
siege, the envoy said “we are a multi-national state and simply we
cannot propagandize hatred”. He also denied that Armenian enterprises,
handed over to Russia as part of the Property for Debt deal, were
failing to make progress. The following is the text of Anna Akopyan’s
report by Armenian newspaper Aykakan Zhamanak on 11 November headlined
“We have what we have”; subheadings inserted editorially:

“I have always said that I could never imagine that one day I would
become Russian ambassador to an independent Armenia, as for hundreds
of years we lived in the same state and certainly our situation today
seemed unnatural. But today we are living in the 21st century and
have what we have, we are living in two independent states.” This is
how the Russian ambassador to Armenia, Anatoliy Dryukov, started his
speech at the scientific conference at Grachya Acharyan University
yesterday [10 November].

Armenia and Russia must foster deeper relations

Mr Dryukov thinks that today Russians and Armenians are facing
an important and difficult problem: not only to maintain the
existing relations between the two peoples, but also to deepen and
strengthen them in order to use these relations to overcome today’s
challenges. “Certainly it is not easy, as some things do not promote
the deepening of our relations. But all the negative instances in
Armenia and Russia are not of major significance, they have a temporary
nature, and I should say they are a consequence of stupid actions,”
Anatoliy Dryukov said.

He also touched on Armenia’s balance between the West and North
and said that it was most correct for Armenia to orient itself by
its own interests. “In Armenia many political scientists look at
Armenian-Russian relations from the point of view of the cold war,
whereas the policy that divided the world into two camps has already
finished, and there are challenges and threats that cannot be fought
alone,” the ambassador said.

Enterprises handed over to Russia working well

[Aykakan Zhamanak correspondent] Mr Ambassador, under the Property
for Debt programme five Armenian enterprises were given to Russia, but
as yet no significant movement can be seen in those enterprises. Why?

[Dryukov] It is absolutely wrong. I do not agree with this
viewpoint, as work is being done in these enterprises and they
are successful. Their results are not always noticed by us, because
investments will be from the budget and today it is planned to include
these issues in the 2005 budget. As for the Razdan power plant,
here everything is normal, it is operating according to its schedule.

“We cannot propagandize hatred”

[Correspondent] It is known that after the Beslan events the situation
of the Caucasus peoples, including Armenians, has become difficult
in Russia. What is your attitude to this problem?

[Dryukov] This is a very complicated problem. On the one hand such
a psychological response is clear, but on the other hand it is not
a determinant for other nations living in Russia, because we are a
multi-national state and simply we cannot propagandize hatred. Yes,
there are such cases, we are fighting them and do not accept them,
because if we go this way Russia will not exist.

[Correspondent] You said in your speech that some negative instances
do not promote the deepening of Armenian-Russian relations. You also
added that Armenia’s relations with Russia should not be opposed to
its relations with the West. Will you explain what those instances
are that thwart Armenian-Russian relations? It may be concluded from
your speech that it is not America.

[Dryukov] You are quite right (he smiles). For instance, an Armenian
is beaten in Russia and so on, certainly these are very unpleasant
instances and leave their impact.

Non solo Olocausto: il genocidio degli armeni =?UNKNOWN?B?6A==?=anco

La Padania, Italia
29 Ottobre 2004

Non solo Olocausto: il genocidio degli armeni è ancora negato

PIER LUIGI PELLEGRIN

VENEZIA – I mille anni di storia che hanno caratterizzato il
tormentato rapporto tra turchi e armeni sono al centro del convegno
organizzato dalla Fondazione Giorgio Cini e iniziato ieri sull’isola
di San Giorgio, a Venezia. In tutte e tre le giornate nelle quali si
svolge il convegno il dibattito analizzerà il dramma del genocidio
armeno, perpetrato dai turchi agli inizi del secolo scorso. Il
convegno è stato diviso in cinque sessioni nelle quali vengono
esaminati i rapporti tra Armeni e Turchi dall’età selgiuchide (una
sorta di “Rinascimento” islamico) a quella ottomana e repubblicana.
Sono state poste sotto la lente di ingrandimento, pertanto, anche le
relazioni interetniche in Anatolia dal periodo ottomano in poi e,
soprattutto, il concetto di genocidio, analizzato in termini storici,
psicanalitici, filosofici e giuridici.
Oggi pomeriggio, inoltre, si parlerà di un altro tema strettamente
connesso al genocidio degli Armeni, il negazionismo, visto anche in
prospettiva di comunità europea e di diritti umani. In conclusione il
lavoro complessivo sarà sintetizzato attraverso la tavola rotonda
prevista nella tarda mattinata di domani.
Tra i relatori del convegno vi sono anche: Taner Akçam,
dell’Università del Michigan; lo storico del genocidio armeno, Frank
Chalk; il direttore dell’istituto di Gerusalemme per l’Olocausto e il
Genocidio, Israel W. Charny; il direttore della Bibliothéque Nubar,
Raymond Kevorkian; Pier Paolo Portinaro, docente di filosofia
politica all’Università di Torino; il medico parigino, Yves Ternon;
Giampiero Bellingeri, dell’Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia; Mauro
Bussani, dell’Università di Trieste; Frank Chalk, dell’istituto per
il Genocidio a Montreal, l’armenista Aldo Ferrari; Ferhart Kentel,
dell’Università di Istanbul; Antonia Arslan dell’Università di
Padova. I loro interventi sono introdotti e coordinati da Antonio
Rigo, professore di Filologia bizantina all’Università Ca’ Foscari di
Venezia.

–Boundary_(ID_oOjIFv1ZvLNovpm2QFxg0Q)–

CSTO to hold ministerial-level conference in Moscow on Nov 12

CSTO to hold ministerial-level conference in Moscow on Nov 12
By Eduard Gushchin

ITAR-TASS News Agency
November 10, 2004 Wednesday 8:34 AM Eastern Time

MOSCOW, November 10 — Counteraction to terrorism is featuring ever
more prominently in the activity of the Collective Security Treaty
Organization (CSTO), according to Russian Foreign Affairs Spokesman
Alexander Yakovenko, who was speaking ahead of the meeting of the
foreign ministers of the CSTO member countries that will take place
in Moscow on Friday, November 12.

Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan are
members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization.

According to Yakovenko, the CSTO Collective Rapid Deployment
Forces “have played an important role in suppressing the activity
of terrorist groups of Islamic extremists in Central Asia and have
become a stability factor.”

A Russian military base opened in Kant, Kyrgyzstan, in November 2003.
The aviation wing of the CSTO Rapid Deployment Forces is based there.

The Collective Security Treaty Organization pays much attention
to the suppression of illicit drug trafficking. The first phase of
Operation Kanal-2004 aiming to curb drug trafficking from Afghanistan
took place in October. More than 2.5 thousand joint operational units
were engaged in the operation. As a result, they seized over 2,700
kg of narcotic substances, including 131 kilogram of heroin.

They also “located the drug trafficking channels and the routes along
which narcotic drugs are taken to Western Europe across the territory
of the CSTO member countries,” Yakovenko said.

The second phase of Operation Kanal-2004 is being planned; competent
agencies of Iran, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan will take part in it.

The CSTO “is open to cooperation and interaction with the United
Nations and other international organizations, including NATO,”
Yakovenko said. According to him, “The leadership of the Alliance
is now considering a number of proposals concerning dialogue and
interaction” with a number of international organizations.

The Russian diplomat believes that the creation of a common information
field intended to facilitate the efficient functioning of the
Collective Security System is also a very important direction of work.

“The first step in this direction was taken in April 2004 when an
international anti-terrorist media forum was held,” Yakovenko said.

Karabakh Armenians Seek OSCE Help In Search For POWs In Azerbaijan

KARABAKH ARMENIANS SEEK OSCE HELP IN SEARCH FOR POWS IN AZERBAIJAN

Artsakh State TV, Stepanakert
9 Nov 04

The NKR (Nagornyy Karabakh Republic) union of relatives of those
missing in action sent a letter to the co-chairmen of OSCE Minsk
Group on 9 November.

In its letter the union highly appreciates the activities of the
Minsk Group and its co-chairmen in the Nagornyy Karabakh conflict
settlement. At the same time, the NKR union of relatives of those
missing in action notes that there are Armenian POWs and civilian
hostages in Azerbaijani prisons and military units, who were given
Azerbaijani names by the Azerbaijani authorities in order to conceal
their existence. They are subjected to torture and humiliation. Some
of them cannot bear this and either die or commit suicide. They
are buried in prison yards with numbers instead of names on their
graves. Even Azerbaijani non-official sources report such cases.

The NKR union of relatives of those missing in action asks the Minsk
Group co-chairmen to provide assistance in the search for POWs,
hostages or their remains. Azerbaijan has signed Geneva conventions
and additional protocols to them, therefore it must observe them.

ARKA News Agency – 11/05/2004

ARKA News Agency
Nov 5 2004

RA President and NATO Secretary general discuss Armenia-NATO
relations

Armenian Deputy Energy Minister Artak Davtyan discharged from post
held

Carlos Petrosian released from the position of the head of RA
National Security Service

Armenian Deputy Culture and Youth Affairs Minister awarded medal for
responsible parental care

Inter-university games `What? Where? When’ to be opened today in
Russian-Armenian University in Yerevan today

Meeting of Heads of Armenian, Georgian and Azeri Parliaments takes
place in Versailles Palace

A new book `Vandalism’ by a famous Kharabakh historian Shahen
Lazarian published recently

16 armenian investigators undergo training courses in Armenia

*********************************************************************

RA PRESIDENT AND NATO SECRETARY GENERAL DISCUSS ARMENIA-NATO
RELATIONS

YEREVAN, November 5. /ARKA/. RA President Robert Kocharian and NATO
Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer discussed Armenia-Nato
relations. Kocharian stressed the readiness to deepen relations with
NATO and expressed confidence that given visit will become additional
stimulus for development of bilateral relations. Kocharian said:
`Armenia has representative in NATO and we’ll try to be more active
in the programs’.
The parties also discussed Karabakh settlement. L.D. –0–

*********************************************************************

ARMENIAN DEPUTY ENERGY MINISTER ARTAK DAVTYAN DISCHARGED FROM POST
HELD

YEREVAN, November 5. /ARKA/ By decree of the Armenian PM Andranik
Margarian of November 05 2004, Armenian Deputy Energy Minister Artak
advtyan discharged from the post held, as Armenian Government Public
and Press Relations Departments told ARKA. T.M. -0–

*********************************************************************

CARLOS PETROSIAN RELEASED FROM THE POSITION OF THE HEAD OF RA
NATIONAL SECURITY SERVICE

YEREVAN, November 5. /ARKA/. RA President Robert Kocharian signed
decrease on release of Carlos Petrosian from the position of the head
of RA National Security Service, RA President’s press office told
ARKA. Petrosian was released from the position on the base of his own
petition.
Carlos Petrosian was born in 1951 in Gomadzor Village of Sevan Region
of Armenia. Graduated from Faculty of Law on Yerevan State
University. In 1976-1988 has take different positions in the system
of internal affairs. In 1983-1993 – Petrosian was the head of 2nd
investigation department of MIA. In 1996 has taken positions of the
head of 6th and 4th Departments of Ministry of National Security.
Since 1997 he has take the position of the head of Chief
Investigation Department of MIA. In 1999 was appointed the Minister
of Internal Affairs and after reorganization of the ministry to the
National Security Service in 2002 headed it. L.D. –0–

*********************************************************************

ARMENIAN DEPUTY CULTURE AND YOUTH AFFAIRS MINISTER AWARDED MEDAL FOR
RESPONSIBLE PARENTAL CARE

YEREVAN, November 05. /ARKA/. Armenian Deputy Culture and Youth
Affairs Minister Lilit Asatryan was awarded medal `For Responsible
Parental Care’. This medal was delivered to her by Ukrainian Minister
of Family, Children and Youth Affairs Rostislav Darpushko during the
press conference summarizing the 12th meeting of the International
Council of Heads of CIS State Institutions for Youth Affairs.
Drapushko also delivered a medal for `For Active Publuc Activity’ to
his Kyrgyz colleague Bakyt Jekshenov.
The Council was formed on the basis of the agreement between the
Heads of State Structures on Youth Affairs of CIS signed in Moscow on
December 21-23, 1997. Sessions of the Council are held twice a year.
The main directions of the activity of the Council are to implement
joint programs and carry out joint arrangements, develop and
implement short-term and perspective projects, as well as to study
problems and experience jointly, exchange information in the sphere
of youth affairs. Delegations from Russia, the Ukraine, Moldova,
Tajikistan, Belarus and Georgia take part in the current session of
the Council in Yerevan. A.H.–0–

*********************************************************************

INTER-UNIVERSITY GAMES `WHAT? WHERE? WHEN’ TO BE OPENED TODAY IN
RUSSIAN-ARMENIAN UNIVERSITY IN YEREVAN TODAY

YEREVAN, November 05. /ARKA/. Inter-university games `What? Where?
When’ to be opened today in Russian-Armenian (Slavic)University (RAU)
in Yerevan today. As RAU told ARKA, leading universities of Yerevan,
Gyumri, Vanadzor, Ijevan and Gavar will participate in the games.
Also on November 06, the first student brain-ring championship will
be held in the University.
The press release mentions that the organizers have concluded
exclusive agreement with TV company `Igra’. T.M. -0–

*********************************************************************

MEETING OF HEADS OF ARMENIAN, GEORGIAN AND AZERI PARLIAMENTS TAKES
PLACE IN VERSAILLES PALACE

YEREVAN, November 5. /ARKA/. The meeting of Heads of Armenian,
Georgian and Azeri Parliaments takes place in Versailles Palace –
Arthur Baghdasaryan, Nino Burjanadze and Murtuz Alaskerov. According
to the Public Relations Department of RA NA, the participants
discussed issues of tourism development and assessment of cultural
heritage at the meeting held under the patronage of Christian
Poncelet, the President of French Senate. Opening the meeting,
Poncelet noted the importance of regular meetings of the Presidents
of Parliaments of the three countries from the point of view of
Parliamentary diplomacy development. He confirmed the readiness of
French Senate to assist the discussions and find solutions of the
problems accumulated in South Caucasus.
In his turn, the Speaker of RA Parliament noted the importance of
similar discussions and as a concrete step suggested to establish a
special working group including representatives of the four
countries, which will deal with the mentioned issues and during the
intervals between the meetings of the Speakers of Parliaments.
According to Baghdasaryan, tourism is a priority in economy, and a
concept and state program of development is adopted.
Touching upon the second issue of the agenda, the Head of Armenian
Parliament refuted the accusations of Azeri party concerning the
elimination of cultural monuments on `occupied’ territories and said
that there are thousands of facts, which prove the opposite, in
particular the destruction of Armenian monuments on Turkish and Azeri
territories. He also noted the necessity for ensuring regional
development especially that the South Caucasus region is of both
political and trade and economic interest to the world only as a
single system and political disputes should not hamper the
cooperation in various areas. L.V – 0–

*********************************************************************

A NEW BOOK `VANDALISM’ BY A FAMOUS KHARABAKH HISTORIAN SHAHEN
MKRTCHYAN PUBLISHED RECENTLY

STEPANAKERT, November 5. /ARKA/. A new book `Vandalism’ by a famous
Kharabakh historian Shahen Lazarian has been published recently.
According to ARKA’s reporter in Stepanakert, the book discusses the
acts of vandalism by Azerbaijani side toward over 20 000 Armenian
monuments. The author begins the book from the historiography of 60s
of the last century, when struggle against the policy pursued by Baku
began.
The book will be translated into English. The only goal of the book
is to keep aware the world community about the evils committed on the
part of Azerbaijan. The book was published at the expense of an
Armenian from Argentina Hovsep Hovsepyan and the Institute-Museum for
the Armenian Genocide of RA National Academy of Sciences. A.H. -0–

*********************************************************************

16 ARMENIAN INVESTIGATORS UNDERGO TRAINING COURSES IN ARMENIA

YEREVAN, November 5. /ARKA/. 16 Armenian investigators underwent
training courses in Armenian in frames of US assistance to Armenian
law-enforcement bodies. As the US Embassy in Armenia told ARKA
agency, the training, financed by the Office on legal Issues and
International Drug Fighting of US Embassy in Armenia, was organized
by two high-ranking investigators of Glendale police. During the
training, a wide range of issues, connected with police work, in
particular, the guarding and photographing of the locus delicti and
organization of further activities, finding and collection of
evidence, dactyloscopy, investigation of murders and other death
cases.
A day before, the Deputy US Ambassador to Armenia Anthony Godfrin
presented the participants of trainings with certificates on
completion of trainings. L.V. – 0–

Du Mamamouchi a Ataturk

Les Echos
5 novembre 2004

Du Mamamouchi à Atatürk

par EMMANUEL HECHT

Le Turc ne laisse pas indifférent, c’est le moins qu’on puisse dire.
Il est l’invité permanent du débat français. Le temps où le
Mamamouchi du « Bourgeois gentilhomme » faisait rire paraît bien
lointain. Rappelez-vous pourtant le mufti s’adressant à monsieur
Jourdain : « Se ti sabir, Ti respondir ; Se non sabir, Tazir, tazir »
(Si toi savoir, Toi répondre ; Si ne pas savoir, Te taire, te taire
») et les six Turcs reprenant en choeur : « Ha, la, ba, ba, la, chou,
ba, la, ba, ba, la, da. » C’était le bon temps, le Grand siècle, on
comprenait les langues étrangères. Et on pouffait. Pas sûr. Car « Le
Bourgeois gentilhomme » est une farce avec un arrière-plan
diplomatique.

A la première représentation, en 1670, les relations entre la France
et l’Empire ottoman étaient tendues, Louis XIV ayant apporté
sporadiquement son aide aux Vénitiens en Crête. Contre les Turcs,
donc. Furieux, le sultan Mehmed IV avait emprisonné l’ambassadeur
français à Constantinople, avant de l’expulser et de dépêcher peu
après un émissaire, Suleiman Agha. En signe d’apaisement. La venue du
diplomate de Constantinople et de sa suite – des hommes coiffés de
turbans et vêtus de fourrure sur des chevaux dont les harnais étaient
ornés de pierres précieuses – fut un événement à la Cour. Il marqua
les esprits, la rencontre avec le roi ayant été émaillée d’incidents,
imputables à l’ignorance de l’étiquette. Louis XIV aurait donc
suggéré à Molière de moquer les Turcs dans sa pièce. Vengeance
royale.

Une alliance « honteuse »

L’ambiguité à l’égard du Turc est patente dans « Le Bourgeois
gentihomme ». A commencer par l’usage du mot « turquerie » à l’époque
de Molière. Il signifiait à la fois « composition artistique
d’inspiration orientale », le plus souvent une farce, et «
impitoyable », « caractère turc ». Pour les chrétiens des XVIIe et
XVIIIe siècles, le Turc symbolise à la fois le musulman, le mécréant
et l’ennemi brutal. Les jugements sur Soliman Ier, l’un des plus
grands souverains ottomans (né en 1494, il a régné de 1520 à sa mort,
en 1566), symbolisent l’ambivalence de ces sentiments. D’un côté, la
chrétienté le maudissait d’avoir étendu son empire jusqu’aux portes
de Vienne et, en Orient, jusqu’aux mers de l’Inde et aux steppes des
Tatars. De l’autre, elle était fascinée par ce prince, entouré de
milliers de serviteurs dans des palais regorgeant de richesses.

« Les observateurs occidentaux reprochaient à Soliman ses faiblesses
», écrit l’historien Gilles Veinstein dans sa contribution à «
L’Histoire de l’Empire ottoman » (Fayard) : « Une trop grande
soumission dans sa jeunesse à son favori, Ibrahim Pacha, puis à sa
belle esclave, Roxelane, dont il fit son épouse ; le meurtre de ses
deux fils au nom d’une application impitoyable de la raison d’Etat. »
En même temps, ils célèbraient chez « le Magnifique » – l’épithète
qu’ils lui attribuent, les Ottomans préférant celle de « Législateur
» – « un homme sage d’une exceptionnelle élévation morale, fidèle à
ses engagements, vertueux dans sa vie privée, remarquablement
instruit et zélé en matière de religion ».

Aussi, l’alliance franco-turque scellée entre Soliman le Magnifique
et François Ier à partir de 1525, pour une trentaine d’années, a pu
apparaître « scandaleuse » ou « honteuse ». Au nom de quel principe
le roi de France pactisait-il avec le souverain qui menait la plus
forte avancée d’une puissance islamique au coeur de l’Europe
chrétienne ? Celui de la « realpolitik », bien sûr. François Ier
souhaitait stopper la puissance des Habsbourg, qui avaient hérité
successivement des terres de Charles le Téméraire, de l’Espagne, de
Milan, Gênes, Naples et des territoires hongrois. Il comptait aussi
sur les Turcs pour faire face à leurs flottes et il rêvait de
reconquérir l’Italie. Quant à Soliman, il avait besoin des ports
français en Méditerranée pour attaquer les côtes espagnoles. C’est
ainsi que Barberousse passa l’hiver 1543-44 à Nice. Mais, à la même
époque, un voyageur français, Nicolas de Nicolay, décrit sans
ménagement les janissaires, les troupes de choc de l’armée ottomane :
afin d’« apparaître plus cruels et furieux en l’aspect de leur face
[ils] ne nourrissent leurs barbes, sinon au-dessus des lèvres, et
laissent croître leurs moustaches fort longues, grosses et hérissées
».

Les Turcs n’ont pas seulement suscité l’effroi, ils ont aussi fait
rêver. Lamartine (1790-1869) fut l’un des zélateurs de l’Empire
ottoman. Il y a séjourné à plusieurs reprises, notamment pendant la
période des « Tanzimat » (1839-1878), les réformes lancées par les
sultans pour sauver l’Empire miné par les nationalismes et les
insurrections. Notre poète et homme politique raconte des sanglots
dans la plume sa visite dans l’école des pages du sérail, des fils de
famille destinés à la haute administration de l’Empire. « Cinq ou six
de ces jeunes gens, de figure douce, franche, intelligente,
admirable, nous prirent la main et nous conduisirent partout […].
Nous causmes longtemps de leurs études et de leurs progrès, de la
politique de l’Europe, de la destinée de l’empire (…). Ils
faisaient des voeux pour le succès du sultan dans ses entreprises
d’innovation. »

Dans l’imaginaire occidental, « le méchant Turc est le conquérant, le
bon Ottoman est l’administrateur qui gouverne l’Empire », souligne
Pierre Chuvin, directeur de l’Institut français des études
anatoliennes, à Istanbul. Et du méchant au sauvage, il n’y a qu’un
pas que Chateaubriand franchit sans barguigner. « Ce qu’on voit n’est
pas un peuple, mais un troupeau qu’un imam conduit et qu’un
janissaire égorge », écrit le vicomte dans son « Itinéraire de Paris
à Jérusalem ». « Il n’y a d’autre plaisir que la débauche, d’autre
peine que la mort, ajoute-t-il. Les tristes sons d’une mandoline
sortent quelquefois du fond d’un café et vous apercevez d’infmes
enfants qui exécutent des danses honteuses devant des espèces de
singes assis en rond sur de petites tables. »

Loin des considérations politiques et ethnologiques, quelques
égotistes se sont plu à marteler leurs affinités électives sur les
rives du Bosphore. Ainsi, Pierre Loti (1850-1923), notre gars de la
marine adepte du travestissement, souligne à l’envi le plaisir qu’il
a à pouvoir perdre à tout moment son identité pour mieux se prêter
aux rencontres hasardeuses. La mélancolie est de rigueur, son récit
s’intitule « Les Désanchantées », et le ton est « pompier » : «
Stamboul changeait comme un mirage […], ce n’était maintenant
qu’une silhouette, d’un violet profond liseré d’or… »

Plus intéressants sans doute, les écrits de lady Mary Montagu,
cotraduits par Pierre Chuvin. Epouse d’un ambassadeur anglais à
Istanbul, en 1717-1718, lady Montagu décrit avec la liberté d’esprit
d’une grande dame, féministe avant l’heure, les « choses vues » par
elle-même. La lady est intelligente, bienveillante et pleine
d’humour. Ainsi raconte-t-elle les bains, « le café des femmes où on
raconte toutes les nouvelles de la ville, où on invente les
scandales, etc. ». Elle est surprise et séduite par ces dames,
assises sur les sofas et, derrière elles, « leurs esclaves, sans
aucune distinction de rang dans leurs atours, car toutes étaient dans
l’état de nature, c’est-à-dire, en bon anglais, complètement nues ».
L’imaginaire occidental se repaît de ces odalisques lascives
célébrées par Ingres dans « Le Bain turc ». L’orientalisme a exploité
le filon de la sensualité, nourri par les fantasmes sur le harem. De
la sensualité à la sexualité, parfois brutale, il n’y a qu’un pas.
Jusqu’au viol, supposé, du colonel Lawrence, à Damas, par les Turcs
pendant la révolte arabe et suggéré dans « Les Sept Piliers de la
sagesse », et ceux, avérés, des prisonniers de droit commun dans le
film « Midnight Express ». A peine le loukoum avalé, le naturel de
l’Occidental revient au galop, avec son cortège d’images violentes.

Le Kurde et le dissident

« Les représentations positives de la Turquie renvoient à
l’orientalisme, à l’exotisme, hier, et au tourisme aujourd’hui, mais
la vision négative du pays l’emporte largement », regrette Stéphane
Yérasimos, lui-même issu de la communauté grecque d’Istanbul,
enseignant en géopolitique à l’université de Paris-VIII. Tout au long
du XXe siècle, poursuit-il, « le phénomène s’est aggravé »,
constate-t-il. D’abord du fait du génocide (1) des Arméniens en 1915.
Les massacres débutent au printemps avec la rafle de près de 2.400
intellectuels à Constantinople. De mai à juillet, les Arméniens mles
et valides des provinces orientales et d’Anatolie orientale sont
exécutés, le reste de la population étant déporté, à pied, vers Alep.
C’est ensuite au tour des Arméniens du reste de l’Empire d’être
déportés. En avril 1915, deux millions de citoyens d’origine
arménienne vivaient dans l’Empire ; en août 1916, les deux tiers,
semble-t-il, sont morts. Les chiffres oscillent entre 800.000 morts,
selon les Turcs, 1,2 million pour l’historien anglais Arnold Toynbee,
et 1,5 million pour les Arméniens.

L’image de la Turquie n’a ensuite cessé de se dégrader. En 1974, avec
l’affaire chypriote. 40.000 militaires turcs débarquent et occupent
le nord de l’île (bilan : 4.000 morts, plus de 2.000 disparus, 40 %
du territoire représentant 70 % du potentiel économique occupés).
L’opinion a mis une belle constance à retenir les éléments
défavorables à la Turquie. Après tout, l’invasion de Chypre a été
motivée par le coup d’Etat de l’organisation fasciste grecque EOKA,
qui ne faisait pas mystère de son intention de chasser tous les
Turcs. Elle avait d’ailleurs commencé à les massacrer, dans des
quartiers qui ressemblaient à des ghettos assiégés. A l’inverse, le
rôle dissuasif de la Turquie au sein de l’Otan pendant la guerre
froide et sa participation à la guerre de Corée sont peu soulignés.
Ensuite, dans les années 1980, la guérilla kurde est au premier plan.
« L’image de la Turquie était à ce moment-là comparable à celle de
l’URSS de Brejnev », relève Stéphane Yérasimos, « seules l’opposition
au pouvoir à Ankara et la dissidence avaient droit de cité dans la
presse française ».

Vus de l’Ouest, les écrivains emblématiques turcs sont Nazim Hikmet,
communiste, et Yachar Kemal, kurde. Même constat avec le cinéma, où «
le » réalisateur turc est Yilmaz Güney, également kurde. Mais on «
oublie » de compter les ministres et hauts fonctionnaires d’origine
kurde… A en croire Stéphane Yérasimos, la réputation de la Turquie
s’est un peu plus noircie avec l’attentat du 11 septembre 2001, la
Turquie, « pays musulman », étant peu ou prou intégrée dans la «
menace islamique », dont elle est pourtant beaucoup plus la victime
que l’agent (voir les chauffeurs turcs égorgés « comme des moutons »
non par un janissaire, mais par les fous disciples d’al-Zawahiri).

La figure rassurante d’Atatürk

De cette vision pessimiste, peut-être faut-il extraire la
personnalité d’Atatürk, dont la politique de laïcité a éveillé des
échos positifs, en particulier dans la France républicaine, jusqu’à
récemment avec « l’affaire du voile ». Mustapha Kemal (1881-1938),
dit Atatürk – le « Père des Turcs » ou, plus exactement, le «
Turc-Père » -, a un curriculum séduisant pour l’Occident. L’Europe a
célébré l’image du réformateur, acquise pendant sa présidence de la
République (1924-1934), supprimant le sultanat et le califat (1924),
interdisant le port du fez et du turban, faisant adopter un Code
civil (1926) et un alphabet latin (1928). Les républicains français,
en particulier les radicaux à la Herriot, sont séduits par les « six
flèches » du kémalisme – nationalisme, populisme, réformisme,
républicanisme, étatisme, et, plus encore, laïcisme. Quitte à
commettre un contresens. Car l’élimination de la religion de la vie
publique en Turquie passe non pas par un divorce avec l’Etat – comme
la loi de séparation de l’Eglise et de l’Etat de 1905 en France -,
mais par l’établissement d’une tutelle étroite sur le personnel et
les institutions religieuses. Le quiproquo, l’ambiguité,
l’ambivalence, le flou semblent si profondément ancrés dans l’image
des Turcs en France et en Europe – et vice versa – qu’on a envie de
dire, à la manière de l’écrivain Spike Mulligan : « Bien que je n’en
parle pas un traître mot, je vais prendre un bain turc. » En signe
d’apaisement et pour y voir plus clair.A lirePierre Chuvin et
Anne-Marie Moulin, « L’Islam au péril des femmes, une Anglaise en
Turquie au XVIIIe siècle », Maspero.

François Georgeon : « La Turquie au seuil de l’Europe », L’Harmattan.

Robert Mantran (dir.), « Histoire de l’Empire ottoman », Fayard.

Géraud Poumarède, « Pour en finir avec la croisade. Mythes et réalité
de la lutte contre les Turcs aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles », PUF
(parution le 19 novembre).

Jean-Paul Roux, « Histoire des Turcs », Fayard.

Stéphane Yerasimos, « Constantinople. De Byzance à Istanbul »,
Editions Place des victoires.

BAKU: CE Political Committee to hear report by new rapporteur

Assa-Irada, Azerbaijan
Nov. 4, 2004

CE Political Committee to hear report by new rapporteur

A meeting of the Council of Europe’s (CE) Political Committee will be
held in Paris on November 17, MP Asim Mollazada, member of the
Azerbaijani delegation at the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of
Europe, told AssA-Irada on Wednesday.
The meeting participants will hear a report on the Armenia-Azerbaijan
conflict over Upper Garabagh from the Committee’s new rapporteur David
Atkinson.*

Kherdian and Hogrogian to Speak at NAASR

PRESS RELEASE
National Association for Armenian Studies and Research
395 Concord Ave.
Belmont, MA 02478
Phone: 617-489-1610
E-mail: [email protected]
Contact: Marc A. Mamigonian

DAVID KHERDIAN AND NONNY HOGROGIAN TO DISCUSS NEW BOOKS AT NAASR

The acclaimed husband and wife team of author David Kherdian and
author/illustrator Nonny Hogrogian will discuss and read from their
new books on Thursday evening, November 4, at 8:00 p.m., at the Center
and Headquarters of the National Association for Armenian Studies and
Research (NAASR), 395 Concord Ave., Belmont, Mass. This event marks
the couple’s first Boston-area appearance in many years.

Between them, Kherdian and Hogrogian have written, edited, or
illustrated over one hundred books. Their work has encompassed the
Armenian Genocide, life in America as first-generation Armenians,
children’s books, memoirs in verse and prose, folklore, and the
mystical teachings of Gurdjieff.

Acclaimed Poet, Memoirist, Translator

Kherdian is well known as the author of the Newberry Award Winner The
Road From Home: The Story of An Armenian Girl, which detailed his
mother’s experiences in surviving the Armenian Genocide. Read by
students and adults alike, it has contributed greatly to increasing
awareness of the Genocide.

He has been widely recognized as one of the most important and
distinctive voices in Armenian-American poetry for nearly four
decades. The title poem to his collection On the Death of My Father
was praised by William Saroyan as “one of the best lyric poems in
American poetry.” Kherdian has also memorably chronicled his youth
growing up in Racine, Wisconsin, and his experiences as an Armenian
American in such works as Homage to Adana, Friends: A Memoir, I
Remember Root River, The Dividing River/The Meeting Shore, and My
Racine, among many others.

New Book of Ancient Poems

Kherdian’s newest book is The Song of the Stork and Other Early and
Ancient Armenian Songs, a spirited translation of an important
collection of poems first compiled and published by the Mekhitarist
priest and scholar Levond Alishan in Venice in 1850. Kherdian writes
of these songs/poems that “their humility and troubled faith draws a
response from that place in us that is reserved for the essential and
true – from our own unspoiled reservoir of spirit, that understands
what has been lost and can yet be regained.” The book features
illustrations by Nonny Hogrogian.

Award Winning Author-Illustrator

Nonny Hogrogian has twice won children’s literature’s highest honor,
the Caldecott Medal, for her books Always Room for One More and One
Fine Day. Her illustrations to Virginia Tashjian’s Armenian folktale
collections Once There Was and Was Not and Three Apples Fell from
Heaven and her husband’s retelling of the Armenian tale The Golden
Bracelet are beloved by several generations of Armenian children.

Hogrogian’s newest book, Finding My Name, is a memoir of her first
thirteen years growing up in the Bronx, New York. It explores both
her efforts to find herself as a budding artist and the joys and
difficulties of growing up as an Armenian-American torn between two
cultures.

Following the authors’ talk and a question-and-answer period, they
will be available to sign copies of not only their new titles but also
selected older titles as well.

Admission to the event is free (donations appreciated). The NAASR
bookstore will open at 7:30 p.m. The NAASR Center and Headquarters is
located opposite the First Armenian Church and next to the U.S. Post
Office. Ample parking is available around the building and in
adjacent areas.