02-07-2005 BISNIS: Trade Leads in Armenia’s Agribusiness & FoodProce

Trade Leads in Armenia’s Agribusiness & Food Processing Sector

BISNIS
February 7, 2005

You are receiving this email because you requested to receive
information regarding the agribusiness and food processing sectors in
Eurasia.

This update contains 2 new trade leads in the agribusiness and food
processing sector as well as numerous agribusiness-related reports
recently posted to the BISNIS website.

Trade leads:

1.) Ale Profil: This Armenian company would like to purchase sunflower
and corn oil in 1 L transparent bottles.
See

2.) Nomad Express: This Armenian company would like to purchase a used
fruit and vegetable processing line (50,000 tons capacity).
For more information, see

********** Sent by: ************************************
Charles Raether, BISNIS Trade Specialist for Agribusiness Sector
U.S. Department of Commerce
Tel: 202/482-2022, Fax: 202/482-2293

http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/toplead.cfm?2628.
http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/toplead.cfm?2629.
www.bisnis.doc.gov

OSCE fact-finding mission to visit Kubatly

PanArmenian News
Feb 4 2005

OSCE FACT-FINDING MISSION TO VISIT KUBATLY

04.02.2005 17:03

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ Accompanied by OSCE Minsk Group Russian and French
Co-Chairs Yuri Merzlyakov and Bernard Fassier the OSCE fact-finding
mission for the territories of security belt around Nagorno Karabakh
will visit the Kubatly region to find out the essential data today,
press service of the NKR Ministry of Foreign Affairs reported. Let us
remind that Foreign Minister Deputy Masis Mailian is also attending
the mission composed of representatives of European states. To note,
the mission members have already visited the Kelbajar, Jebrail,
Fizuli, Aghdam and Zangelan regions.

ANKARA: Dr. Laciner: `Turkish-Armenian Alliance is not Impossible’

Journal of Turkish Weekly, Turkey
Feb 4 2005

Dr. Laciner: `Turkish-Armenian Alliance is not Impossible’

Jan SOYKOK, ANKARA – Dr. Sedat Laciner told JTW that Turkey-Armenia
alliance is possible. Laciner said Armenian state cannot survive in a
hostile region and has to solve its problems with Turkey, Georgia and
Azerbaijan.

Laciner further continued:

`As a matter of fact that neither the Western States nor the Armenian
Diaspora radicals see Armenia’s national interests as their priority.
Armenia’s and Diaspora’s interests are not the same. As Dr. Nilgun
Gulcan pointed out Armenia and Diaspora has contrary interests.
Diaspora needs more dispute between Turks and Armenians, because many
Diaspora Armenian enjoy from the `genocide industry’. If Turkey and
Armenia solve their problem they could not abuse the past for their
individual interests. Many diaspora institutions are dependent on
`genocide donations’. Many Armenian actors, businessmen, politician
etc. in Northern America and Europe see Turkish-Armenian problems as
source of power. When the both side put an end to the historical
misunderstandings many militants will lose their financial and
political power over the ordinary Armenians in diaspora. Similarly
some of the Diaspora institutions argue that the 1915 Legacy is the
most important thing uniting Armenians. According to this approach,
Diaspora Armenians need a uniting cause in order to resist
assimilation. Otherwise, they think, Armenian identity would be
diminished in front of the strong Western cultures.

However Armenian state needs Turkey and other Turkic peoples.

Armenia is surrounded by more than 100 million Turkish people
(Turkey, Azerbaijan and Iran Azerbaijan). Georgia is an ally of
Turkey and has good relations with the Western states though Armenia
stayed the only Russian ally in the region.

Armenia is a relatively small and poor country, it is land-locked. If
Armenia can solve its problems with Turkey the life would be easier
for the Armenians.

In my opinion Turkey, Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan could establish
an economic regional integration in Caucasus. Turkey could be a
European door for the Armenian businessmen and people. Turkish
universities can open their doors to Armenian youth. Armenia cannot
survive in a hostile region. So-called Russian support or relations
with Iran cannot substitute relations with Turkey. A strong
Turkish-Armenian regional ally would change a lot in the region. If
Turkey and Armenia can establish a strong friendship, foreign direct
investment would boom, security problems down, and the region would
become a trade centre for the Central Asia, Black Sea and the Middle
East’.

NK official accuses Azerbaijan of hampering confidence building

Karabakh official accuses Azerbaijan of hampering confidence building

Arminfo, Yerevan
2 Feb 05

STEPANAKERT

Three of the four prisoners of war, Aristakes Martirosyan, Gevorg
Khlgatyan and Egiya Unanyan, who were recently handed over to the
Armenian side by Azerbaijan, are contract servicemen of the Nagornyy
Karabakh defence army, not residents of Karabakh, Viktor Kocharyan,
chairman of the state commission of the Nagornyy Karabakh Republic
[NKR] for prisoners of war, hostages and missing persons, has told our
Arminfo correspondent in Stepanakert.

Viktor Kocharyan said that they lost their way while on duty on 26
November 2004 and found themselves on enemy territory, where they were
captured by the Azerbaijani army. On the day of the incident, the
state commission asked the head of the Stepanakert office of the
International Committee of the Red Cross, (?Mireille Pinard), to help
find out about the fate of the prisoners of war and take measures to
free them. The verbal reply of the office head showed that she had no
information about this issue. He said this was not the first time that
the Azerbaijani authorities had not informed the representative office
of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Azerbaijan about
Armenian captives.

“As for the NKR state commission for prisoners of war, hostages and
missing persons, in these cases, it immediately notifies the local
representative office of the International Committee of the Red Cross
and takes joint measures to return them home,” he pointed out.

Meanwhile, the Azerbaijani Defence Ministry was well aware that the
Armenian servicemen had been taken captive, the chairman of the state
commission stressed. Under a preliminary agreement, it should have
handed them over to the Armenian side in the village of Bas Qarvand
[in Agdam District] on 31 December. He said that representatives of
the Armenian side vainly spent five hours at the appointed place,
waiting for the Azerbaijani side to turn up.

“The prisoners of war were handed over only on 28 January, and there
was no machine gun fire on the positions of the Azerbaijani armed
forces, as the Azerbaijani media reported,” Viktor Kocharyan
said. This is not the only piece of disinformation disseminated by the
Azerbaijani media, he said. He pointed out that the Azerbaijani media
had disseminated information saying that “the Armenian prisoners of
war had allegedly confessed that corruption is reigning in the
Armenian army”. “The NKR state commission for prisoners of war,
hostages and missing persons has reliable information about thriving
corruption in the Azerbaijani army,” Viktor Kocharyan said. He
stressed that the latest defections of Azerbaijani servicemen to the
Armenian side took place, according to the defectors themselves,
because their commanders had been treating them cruelly and the
military conscription offices had been extorting large sums of money
from them.

Viktor Kocharyan stressed that such anti-Armenian reports in the
Azerbaijani media, which are far from reality, do not further the
building of confidence between the conflicting sides and may
complicate cooperation in discovering and handing over prisoners of
war, hostages and missing persons.

The Armenian connection

Las Vegas Sun
January 31, 2005

The Armenian connection

Sisters, safely back in Las Vegas, work on permanent status
By Timothy Pratt
<[email protected]>
LAS VEGAS SUN

Mariam Sarkisian, the younger of the two Armenian sisters who were released
from federal custody Friday after two weeks in a Los Angeles holding cell,
was expected to resume her life as a junior at Palo Verde High School today.

Meanwhile, Jeremiah Wolf Stuchiner, one of the lawyers who defended the
Sarkisians, said he would be applying for a permit Tuesday at the Bureau of
Citizenship and Immigration Services that the sisters need to legally return
to work at Tropicana Pizza, the family business their father, Rouben, runs
in Henderson.

Mariam’s first chore today will be studying for final exams she missed while
she and her sister Emma were being held in the headline-grabbing case that
nearly saw them put on a plane to Armenia, their birthplace.

The girls were detained Jan. 14 when immigration authorities acted on a
deportation order dating to 1993.

“I’ve never wanted to go to school so bad,” 17-year-old Mariam said Friday
afternoon amid the hubbub at the pizzeria surrounding their return.

“But it’s going to be hard catching up,” she added.

Mariam’s courses include an elective course in fashion design, which is what
she wants to study at a technical school when she obtains her high school
diploma in 2006. The teenager hopes to become a designer when she is older,
because it is a career where “you can be yourself and do what you want to do
with no limits,” she said.

Emma, 18, said her first order of business on settling back into her life in
Las Vegas was to get permission to work at the pizzeria and then to obtain a
driver’s license.

Work permits are available to both girls as a condition of the so-called
deferred action that immigration authorities took to release the sisters,
Stuchiner said.

That action means the girls still have no legal status in the United States,
but they can remain in the country and are able to work. The work permit
then serves as a means of identification, Stuchiner said, that the girls can
use for such purposes as obtaining a driver’s license.

In the future, Emma wants to go to college, perhaps out of state, she said,
“to have some freedom.”

She said she is “going to take college more seriously than high school.”
Emma graduated from Palo Verde in June and didn’t study very hard, she said.

As for her future, she said she “always wanted to be a singer” when she was
younger, but her experience being detained and threatened with deportation
has made her think of other options.

Now, she said, she is “thinking of being a judge or a lawyer so this doesn’t
happen to anyone else.”

Alternatively, she said, she would like to work in the entertainment
industry.

Both girls said they look forward to becoming citizens, in order to resolve
the problem that led to their detention and separation from their family.

That problem became apparent when Rouben Sarkisian took the girls to local
immigration officials seeking paperwork he thought they should be able to
obtain after years of attempts to gain legal status for them. But he found
instead that a series of events — including him marrying a U.S citizen and
becoming a legal resident, the step below citizenship — had not changed
their status.

The sisters still had a deportation order hanging over their heads.

Stuchiner said “the most logical avenue” for the teens to become citizens,
is for their father to become a citizen and then petition for his daughters.

Sarkisian applied for citizenship in July, Stuchiner said, and should
receive a date for his interview and exam in the next few months. That date
is usually three weeks to a month from whenever the notice arrives in the
mail.

Emma said one thing she would like to do when she becomes a citizen is
travel around the world — including a trip to Armenia.

Though the sisters were born there, neither has ever been back since they
were brought to the United States as pre-schoolers in 1991. They don’t even
speak its language.

“If I was a citizen, I could visit Armenia. I want to know what it’s like
…(and) keep in touch with my roots — but of my own free will,” she said.

Many Las Vegas residents wrote or called their congressmen or the media
while the case of the Sarkisians was unfolding. Many expressed disbelief
that two teenagers who had spent most of their life in the United States
were not already citizens.

On Friday, Marsha Cook, a Henderson resident who had been following the
case, walked into the pizzeria and said, “Are you Emma?”

“I just wanted to say, ‘Welcome home … and I hope you become a citizen
soon,”‘ she said.

Father Phil Carolin, executive director of the Citizenship Project, a
nonprofit organization that has helped about 1,250 people become citizens,
said “the main hurdle is the language” for most immigrants when it comes to
passing the citizenship interview and exam.

Sarkisian said he “speaks English okay and understands,” but has chosen to
speak through Russian interpreters while in the media spotlight in the last
few weeks.

Carolin’s organization offers classes in English as a second language as
well as in history and government, subjects that are covered in the
citizenship exam.

Another hurdle for many immigrants, Carolin said, is that “many of these
people hold down two or three jobs” and never find time to study.

Sarkisian’s job often requires him to work up to 14 hours a day, Emma said.

Looking back not only on the last two weeks, but on his 56 years, he said,
“My life is like an airplane — I don’t see it.”

“Only work, only work.”

Saturday turned out to be Sarkisian’s birthday and the toasts with vodka
were flowing at Tropicana Pizza.

“I already have my biggest gift,” he said of his daughters’ return.

Sargsian: NK Conflict Can’t be Settled Positively by Current Govm’t

KARABAKH CONFLICT NOT TO BE SETTLED TO ARMENIA’S ADVANTAGE UNDER
PRESENT ARMENIAN GOVERNMENT

YEREVAN, JANUARY 29. ARMINFO. The Karabakh conflict will not be
settled to Armenia’s advantage under the present Armenian government,
says opposition MP, leader of Democratic Party of Armenia Aram
Sargsyan.

He says that PACE’s Jan 25 approval of David Atkinson’s report on
Karabakh was a serious defeat for the Armenian diplomacy and their
statements about some oil factor or even unprecedented diplomatic
success are just baby talk. “The brick has fallen off the roof and is
quickly coming down on our heads,” says Sargsyan noting that Ilham
Aliev whom the Armenian authorities have nicked “an incompetent
playboy” has managed to turn the situation to Azerbaijan’s advantage
in no longer than one year.

Instead of stubbornly playing the same tune a nation’s
self-determination right the Armenian authorities should have worked
hard with PACE delegations. The Armenian FM and president preferred
self-conceit and vanity so they should not be offended now at the US,
or Russia or Iran for not helping them or at Elizabeth Jones for her
statements. They better look at themselves in the mirror.

At the NKR Government Session

AT THE NKR GOVERNMENT SESSION

STEPANAKERT, January 28 (Noyan Tapan). On January 26, the first 2005
session of the NKR Government chaired by the republic’s Prime-Minister
Anoushavan Dayelian took place. In his speech, the head of the
Ministers’ Cabinet focused at the achievements of the previous year,
noting that the growth of the domestic gross product had comprised
17,5% or 42 billion drams in comparison with 2003 and this index would
be raised to 48 billion drams this year. According to the Information
and Analytical Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the
Republic of Nagorno Karabakh, the document “On the Events Providing
the Execution of the Budget of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic for 2005”
was adopted at the session. The Government adopted also a number of
decrees, in particular, on the creation of the Staff of the NKR
Ministry of Town-building. Bills on making amendments and supplements
in the NKR Law “On State Pensions” and on making supplements in the
NKR Law “On the Repressed”, as well as bills related to culture and
sport were adopted. The members of the Cabinet of Ministers adopted a
number of programs including those of the activity of the NKR
Government and the NKR Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport for
2005. Resolutions related to the authority of a number of stock
societies, privatization of state and municipal property were also
adopted.

Cholakian Lectures at Haigazian U on Armenians in the Orontes River

PRESS RELEASE
Department of Armenian Studies, Haigazian University
Beirut, Lebanon
Contact: Ara Sanjian
Tel: 961-1-353011
Email: [email protected]
Web:

HAGOP CHOLAKIAN LECTURES AT HAIGAZIAN UNIVERSITY ON THE HISTORY OF
ARMENIANS IN THE ORONTES RIVER MIDDLE VALLEY

BEIRUT, LEBANON, Friday, 28 January 2005 (Haigazian University
Department of Armenian Studies Press Release) – Hagop Cholakian, a
seasoned Armenian educator and author based in Aleppo, Syria, was the
guest of Haigazian University on the evening of Friday, 5 November 2004.
He delivered a public lecture entitled ‘The History of the Armenians in
the Orontes River Middle Valley’. The talk was organized by the
university’s Department of Armenian Studies.

Alongside his distinguished career as a teacher and author of a number
of textbooks of the Armenian language, Cholakian is a poet and has a
number of academic publications in the field of Armenian Studies. He
received his university education in Yerevan. His lecture was the
summary of his doctoral dissertation defended at the Institute of
Archeology and Ethnography in the Armenian National Academy of Sciences
in 2002.

Cholakian told the audience, at the beginning of his lecture, that
classical sources attest that Armenians lived in the city of Antioch, as
well as in nearby villages scattered throughout the Orontes River
Valley, as early as late Roman times. Armenians continued to live in the
area in the Byzantine era, and the Armenian population of the area
actually increased during the period of Arab domination. When the
Byzantine Empire recovered the area as a consequence of decline of Arab
military might, it transferred there new waves of Armenians. Some
governors of Antioch were Armenians in the 10-11th centuries. Philaretus
Varazhnuni, a former Armenian commander in the Byzantine army, briefly
captured Antioch in 1078, before the city passed on to the Seljuks.

Citing mostly contemporary Arab sources, Cholakian spoke in detail about
the assistance rendered to the Crusaders in 1097-98 by the Armenian
population of Antioch and the neighboring villages and fortresses. The
lecturer surmised that these Armenians were probably hoping to establish
an Armenian state with the help of the Crusaders, for, once they
witnessed the confiscation of their fortresses by the Crusaders and
realized that the latter had come to Antioch to stay, the Armenians of
Artah rebelled and got in touch with the Rawan, the Muslim ruler of
Aleppo, as early as 1103, seeking on this occasion the latter’s
assistance against the Crusaders. During the ensuing decades, some
Armenians fought as mercenaries for the Crusader Principality of
Antioch, and when Saladin advanced into the area in 1188, the fortresses
of Kifr Tebbin (modern Hamameh) in the Shughr area, which was controlled
by an Armenian, surrendered without a fight. Some scholars believe that
the present Muslim inhabitants of Hamameh are the descendants of
Islamized Armenians. Armenian sources refer to three separate dioceses
of the Armenian Church in this area in the twelfth century, based
respectively in Laodicea (modern Lattakia), Apamea and Antioch.

Cholakian outlined how the Armenians of the region suffered during the
period of Mamluk and Ottoman dominion. Many villages vanished and their
inhabitants migrated. All Armenian monasteries disappeared during this
period. By the mid-nineteenth century, Armenians of the area had
retreated into five relatively small enclaves: around the town of Beilan
near the Bay of Alexandretta; the region of Musa Dagh; around the
village of Kessab; on the Nusayri mountains east of the town of Lattakia
(including the villages of Aramo and Ghnaymiyyah); and along the Orontes
Valley (including the villages of Qnay and Yaqubiyyah). Armenians in
these clusters shared a common dialect and many similar customs.
Although the Armenians of the Orontes River Middle Valley had adopted
Arabic as their mother tongue by the mid-nineteenth century, they still
used a number of Armenian words in their vocabulary and children’s play
songs.

In the second half of the nineteenth century, said Cholakian, the apathy
of the Armenian Church leaders in Cilicia, Jerusalem and Aleppo made it
relatively easy for Protestant and Catholic missionaries to convert a
significant number of Armenians in the area. The lecturer cited a number
of instances where individuals manipulated the opportunities for
conversion to push for their material interests. Cholakian argued that
these conversions also caused assimilation among many Armenians living
in the area.

The region was heavily affected during the massacres of Armenians in
Cilicia in 1909, said the lecturer. However, the Roman Catholic
missionaries in Yaqubiyyah and Qnay managed to prevent massacres in
those villages by arranging for the arrival of Ottoman troops from
Antioch, an event which encouraged a new wave of Latinization among the
local Armenians.

Cholakian stated that all Armenians in the region were deported during
the genocide of 1915, except a few villages in Musa Dagh, which resisted
until their rescue by Allied ships. The Armenians of Yaqubiyyah and Qnay
were not deported. The exact reason behind their avoiding the sad fate
of their ethnic kin in the region is not known. The local Roman Catholic
priests claim that these Armenians escaped deportation because they were
registered as Christians of the Latin rite. Other Armenians of Latin
rite from Kessab and Beilan were deported, however. The deportees, who
survived the ordeal, returned to their villages after the armistice
signed in late 1918, only to clash with the local Muslims, who made them
scatter into the neighboring Christian villages until 1923.

The last part of Cholakian’s lecture dealt with the attempts of the
Armenian Church to reassert its presence in the area. In 1923, for
example, Catholicos Sahak II of Cilicia, now based in the new state of
Syria, tried to revive the activity of the Armenian Church in Kessab. In
1928, the Armenian Prelacy of Aleppo sent an Arabic-speaking priest to
Yaqubiyyah. He reopened the old Armenian church in the village and
helped the majority of the local Armenians return to the fold of their
old Church. Yaqubiyyah soon got an Armenian school as well, and, in
1954, a new church was built. A number of Armenian students from
Yaqubiyyah studied in Soviet Armenia from the mid-1950s and played an
important role in reviving Armenian cultural life in the village after
their return. Today, speaking the Armenian language has again become the
norm for the Armenians living in Yaqubiyyah. Some Armenian villagers of
Latin rite in Qnay, too, are now sending their children to an Armenian
school nearby, and the speaking of the Armenian language is also on the
increase in Qnay. Past Armenian migrants of Latin rite from these two
villages have not undergone similar re-Armenization, however. Finally,
the Armenians of Beilan and Musa Dagh (except the village of Vakif) all
migrated when the French mandatory authorities ceded the sanjak of
Alexandretta to Turkey in 1939.

During the question-and-answer session that followed, Cholakian surveyed
a number of suggested etymologies regarding the place names Ghnaymiyyah,
Qnay and Yaqubiyyah that are in circulation today. He also pointed out
that Armenians from Yaqubiyyah are active in the cultural life of Syria.
Cholakian commended the role played by Cardinal Gregory Peter Agagianian
in 1946 when he arranged that the Armenians of Latin rite living in
Kessab should join the Armenian Catholic Church, which uses the Armenian
language in its church services. Since the Armenian language is now
taught in Syria as a language of religious rites, Latin rite schools
cannot teach the Armenian language, because the Latin Church does not
use Armenian in church services. Moreover, all Armenians of Latin rite
from Kessab and Musa Dagh who had migrated to South America before 1946,
have not maintained links with the Armenian Catholic churches on that
continent. Cholakian also praised the work of Sister Marie Jeanne
Topalian, an Armenian Catholic nun, who teaches Armenian songs to
children among the Arabic-speaking Armenians in Qnay and encourages
parents to send their children to the nearest Armenian school. He
concluded that the Armenian Church should learn lessons from the fate of
the Armenians of the Orontes River Valley and become more active among
its flock so as to preserve Armenian national unity. Finally, a member
of the audience pointed out that the first ever Armenian Diasporan
student to study in a Soviet Armenian institution of higher learning in
the post-Stalin period was from Yaqubiyyah.

Haigazian University is a liberal arts institution of higher learning,
established in Beirut in 1955. For more information about its activities
you are welcome to visit its web-site at <;.
For additional information on the activities of its Department of
Armenian Studies, contact Ara Sanjian at <[email protected]>

http://www.haigazian.edu.lb/
http://www.haigazian.edu.lb&gt

“Sideways”: ‘Bathed in the solvent of exquisite sadness’

The Guardian, UK
Jan 28 2005

Sideways
*****
Cert 15

Peter Bradshaw

‘Bathed in the solvent of exquisite sadness’: Sideways

New classics of American cinema don’t come along that often, so grab
this one with both hands. It’s an occasion for the singing of
hosannas from the roof of every cinema. Director Alexander Payne has
already given us two gems with Election and About Schmidt. This
glorious, bittersweet comedy of male friendship and midlife crisis is
even better. It’s something to be compared with John Cassavetes or
Hal Ashby or Woody Allen’s Annie Hall; a particular kind of
freewheeling film-making that hasn’t surfaced for decades.
Sideways is beautifully written, terrifically acted; it is paced and
constructed with such understated mastery that it is a sort of
miracle. The observations are pitilessly exact and meshed with
impeccably executed sight gags and funny lines, and everything is
bathed in the solvent of exquisite sadness. Yet its gentleness and
humanity do not preclude a mule-kick of emotional power. Audiences at
the screenings where I have been present may have heard something
like a fusillade of gunshots from the auditorium; it was the sound of
my heart breaking into a thousand pieces.

Paul Giamatti and Thomas Haden Church give the performances of their
lives, complemented by two outstanding female leads: Sandra Oh and
Virginia Madsen. Giamatti is Miles, the divorced English teacher and
would-be novelist well into his 40s, who is staring failure full in
the face. Church plays his buddy and old college roommate Jack: a
handsome-ish actor and incorrigible “pussyhound” whose career washed
up after a couple of TV shows 10 years before.

With many a suppressed bachelor’s misgiving, he is about to get
married, and acquire some rich Armenian-American in-laws who want him
to leave showbusiness and come in with them in their fabulously
lucrative property business. Jack is still in the process of kidding
himself that he can do that and still keep the door open to getting
back into movies. For his part, Miles is kidding himself that his
ex-wife might still want to make another go of it.

The pair of them, deep in denial about the way their lives are
turning out, go on a road trip. It is Miles’s “wedding gift” to Jack:
he will take him on a tour of the Californian wine country, and teach
him about the passion for wine that has taken over his life.
Secretly, he is hoping for a little male bonding to salve his
wretched loneliness. But all Jack is hoping for is some bedroom
action with local women before he has to tie the knot – and Miles
cloaks his desolate feelings of betrayal with righteous disgust. All
he can do to manage his despair is concentrate on the new love of his
life: wine.

Jonathan Nossiter’s documentary Mondovino was recently much praised
for its insights into the globo-Californian wine business; but for
me, Sideways says more on the subject in five minutes than Nossiter
managed in two hours. Miles loves pontificating at tastings, and
comes up with the most uproarious wine-snobbisms since James
Thurber’s famous line: “It’s a naive domestic burgundy, but I think
you’ll be amused by its presumption.” Miles fastidiously sips a
Cabernet and pronounces it: “Quaffable but far from transcendent.” To
Jack’s bemusement, he rolls another vintage around his palate and
claims to detect hints of strawberry, asparagus, and Dutch Edam. “The
strawberries … yeah … ” agrees Jack, having earnestly tasted it
himself, ” … but not the cheese.” Miles identifies with Pinot grape
because it’s delicate and sensitive like him, but it’s only when he
meets beautiful, divorced Maya – an excellent performance from
Virginia Madsen – that he finds a kindred wine-loving spirit and
someone who might redeem his sorry life.

Some of the brilliance of Payne’s film is that he presents Miles’s
passion for wine with no obvious signposting as to what we should
think about it, and lets an awful thought dawn unassisted. Miles’s
oenophilia might simply be a very elaborate way of dressing up the
banal problem of alcoholism. Two banal problems, if you count
incipient depression. Miles has created a complete and complex
culture in which his drinking can be made to seem like something with
status. And now that his buddy is getting married and leaving him
alone in his wretched world of singledom, he somehow needs Jack’s
benediction and understanding of his new monkish vocation for
drinking away what remains of his life.

Yet it is a measure of the humanity and sympathy of this film that
this explanation would not be entirely fair. Poor, battered Miles –
devastated by the failure of his marriage and the rejection of his
novel – has at least found a genuine passion. There is an
extraordinary moment when, stunned by the news that his ex-wife has
in fact remarried, Miles can find comfort only in stroking grapes: a
bizarre image that Payne somehow makes sad and irresistibly funny at
once.

The sadness is balanced with wonderfully observed comedy as Jack
embarks on a crazy affair with Stephanie (Sandra Oh), a pourer from
one of the wineries, and finally has a one-night stand with a diner
waitress whose husband makes an unwelcome appearance. The upshot is a
scene of hilarious, nail-biting tension.

Alexander Payne has raised his game very satisfyingly with this film,
taking his familiar preoccupation with male menopausal angst and
giving it a new gentleness, richness and maturity. Sideways now has
five Oscar nominations: including one for best picture. It is light
years ahead of the preening, pumped-up competitors in this category
(The Aviator, Finding Neverland, Million Dollar Baby and Ray). We can
only hope.

Jack Lang-Philippe de Villiers : du oui-oui au non-non

Le Figaro, France
26 Janvier 2005

UNION EUROPÉENNE La campagne référendaire sur la Constitution et la
controverse sur la Turquie

Jack Lang-Philippe de Villiers : du oui-oui au non-non

Jack Lang est pour le oui-oui : oui au traité constitutionnel et oui
à l’ouverture de négociations d’adhésion de la Turquie dans l’Union
européenne. Philippe de Villiers, lui, est pour le non-non. L’ancien
ministre socialiste et le président du Mouvement pour la France ont
toujours aimé les joutes verbales. Ils débattent pour le Figaro(1).
Propos recueillis par Baudouin Bollaert, Marie-Laure Germon et Alexis
Lacroix
[26 janvier 2005]

LE FIGARO. – Jack Lang, pourquoi voterez-vous oui au référendum sur
la Constitution ?

Jack LANG. – Parce que je suis internationaliste et européen. Cette
Constitution – ou plutôt ce traité constitutionnel – est un chaînon
supplémentaire dans la construction de l’Europe. C’est un compromis –
pardon de cette tautologie – mais un bon compromis. Sans doute le
plus progressiste et le plus démocratique jamais conclu jusqu’à ce
jour. L’Union européenne, qui est synonyme de paix, de démocratie et
de respect du droit, a permis à la France et à ses partenaires de
travailler ensemble et de se transformer, pour leur bien et pour
celui du monde. L’Europe est devenue l’une des trois plus importantes
puissances économiques dans le monde et la première puissance
agricole. Elle n’est en guerre contre personne, prêche la concorde et
le multilatéralisme. Le traité constitutionnel constitue une étape
politique importante de son histoire. Ne ratons pas le coche. Avec le
non, ce serait la panne, la crise…

Philippe DE VILLIERS. – Tout de suite les grands mots ! Je pense,
moi, que le non s’impose au référendum car ce traité ne répond pas
aux trois questions essentielles : il ne définit pas le périmètre
géographique de l’Union, il renforce les pouvoirs de la bureaucratie
bruxelloise et il encourage les délocalisations. La victoire du non
provoquerait donc, à l’inverse de ce vous dites, Jack Lang, un choc
salutaire. Elle ouvrirait la voie à une nouvelle négociation pour une
Europe des nations, une Europe sans la Turquie et une Europe de la
proximité. Nous vivons en ce moment à l’heure des promesses trahies.
Et de grandes réussites industrielles – comme Airbus ou Ariane – ne
seraient plus possibles aujourd’hui tant l’Europe de Bruxelles est
devenue envahissante !

J. L. – Vous êtes talentueux et cohérent, mais toujours aussi
anti-européen !

P. V. – Non, alter-européen…

Vous divergez sur le caractère démocratique de l’Union… Le traité
constitutionnel marque-t-il un pas en avant ou une régression ?

J. L. – Si les mots ont un sens, ce traité marque une avancée, bien
sûr ! Il organise et politise le fonctionnement de l’Union d’une
part, et la débureaucratise de l’autre. Il donne à l’Union un
président stable et élu pour deux ans et demi, un ministre des
Affaires étrangères, dote le Parlement européen de vrais pouvoirs,
contient une charte sur les droits fondamentaux et développe la
démocratie participative avec le référendum d’initiative populaire.
J’ajoute que l’Eurogroupe s’affirme face à la Banque centrale
européenne et que les pouvoirs de contrôle des Parlements nationaux
sont renforcés. On peut toujours faire mieux, mais ce n’est déjà pas
si mal ! Sauf pour vous, Philippe de Villiers…

P. V. – Je récuse votre manichéisme : on se croirait revenu en 1981,
à l’époque où vous affirmiez que le mitterrandisme allait faire
passer la France de l’ombre à la lumière !

J. L. – Ne remontons pas à la préhistoire…

P. V. – Cette constitution n’est pas bonne pour la France et la
tactique qui consiste à lancer des gaz asphyxiants pour paralyser les
tenants du non est inopérante avec moi ! Je prétends, preuves à
l’appui, que le traité constitutionnel met fin aux démocraties
nationales. Le mot «souveraineté» n’y figure à aucun paragraphe et il
est remplacé par le mot «identité» qui ne signifie évidemment pas la
même chose ! En plus, le mot «loi» fait son apparition à la place de
«directive». Nous aurons des lois européennes, juridiquement
supérieures aux lois nationales…

J. L. – C’était déjà le cas avec les directives…

P. V. – Oui mais le traité consacre la supériorité du droit européen
sur les Constitutions nationales : regardez d’ailleurs cette
directive Bolkestein, du nom de l’ancien commissaire hollandais au
marché intérieur : si elle entre en vigueur, un promoteur letton qui
lance un chantier en France sera soumis au droit de son pays et non à
la loi française ! Comment peut-on accepter ça ? Cette Europe du
chômage et des délocalisations, cette Europe qui étend le vote à la
majorité qualifiée à de nouveaux domaines, cette Europe qui entérine
l’abandon de la parité entre la France et l’Allemagne ne peut pas
emporter mon adhésion.

J. L. – On est en plein Coppola, c’est Apocalypse now ! Le traité a
ouvert le champ de la majorité qualifiée, c’est vrai. Mais c’est un
gage d’efficacité plutôt que le contraire ! Beaucoup déplorent
d’ailleurs que la majorité qualifiée ne s’étende pas, par exemple, au
social ou à la fiscalité qui restent soumis à la règle d’une
unanimité souvent paralysante… Lorsque vous dénoncez le dumping
fiscal de certains nouveaux adhérents, vous devriez y songer ! Quant
à la fin de la parité entre la France et l’Allemagne, elle est due au
facteur démographique. La France a 60 millions d’habitants,
l’Allemagne 80 millions : il n’est pas indécent qu’elle compte
davantage d’élus au Parlement européen…

Cela dit, l’influence d’un pays ne se calcule pas simplement sous
forme notariale. Elle repose sur sa capacité à créer, imaginer,
proposer… La politique de la Commission européenne est souvent
contestable, mais dire que de grands projets comme Airbus ou Ariane
seraient aujourd’hui impossibles à mettre en place est faux : Galileo
le montre de façon spectaculaire. Je vous rejoins, en revanche, sur
la directive Bolkestein. Ce texte sur les services est un texte
destructeur des progrès sociaux et de la diversité culturelle. Nous
devons le repousser.

P. V. – Cette directive est le symbole de cette Europe dont nous ne
voulons pas, de cette Europe bureaucratique où la Commission – parce
qu’elle a le monopole de l’initiative en matière législative – prend
le pas sur les autres institutions. Une Commission où la France n’a
plus qu’un seul représentant sur vingt-cinq… Le traité
constitutionnel renforce le rôle de cet aréopage et empêche les États
nationaux d’agir. Résultat, nous avons la croissance économique la
plus faible des pays industrialisés et le chômage le plus élevé.

J. L. – C’est une caricature grossière : vous parlez comme un tract !
Ce qui manque, c’est la volonté politique. Je n’approuve pas toutes
les politiques menées au niveau européen. Mais ne mélangeons pas les
règles, d’une part, et le contenu des politiques, d’autre part. Le
traité n’est jamais qu’un cadre, ce n’est pas lui qui va générer de
la croissance ou créer des emplois. La marge de manoeuvre laissée aux
États membres qui composent l’Union est bien plus large que vous ne
le dites.

P. V. – Mais ce traité ne nous protège pas. Ni sur le plan de la
sécurité avec des frontières abolies ni sur le plan commercial avec
l’abandon progressif des politiques de quotas, comme dans le domaine
du textile ou celui de l’agriculture, par exemple.

J. L. – Vous croyez que l’Afrique se protège mieux ? La vérité, c’est
que l’Union européenne est un modèle politique, économique et social
reconnu dans le monde entier. Imparfait et perfectible, certes. Mais
attirant puisque tout le monde veut la rejoindre. Voyez l’Ukraine !
Vous devriez le reconnaître.

P. V. – C’est de l’incantation !

J. L. – Vous, vous faites de la défiguration…

P. V. – Non, l’Union régresse dans tous les domaines. Sur le plan
monétaire, nous souffrons aujourd’hui du culte de l’euro fort et, en
matière d’activité économique, l’année 2005 sera médiocre. La
croissance sera de 8,5% en Asie, de 3,5% aux États-Unis et de 1,5%
dans la zone euro… Les Anglais qui n’ont pas l’euro s’en sortent
beaucoup mieux ! Quant au décrochage de l’Union européenne sur le
plan de la recherche et du développement, il est de la même veine.

J. L. – Des progrès ont été accomplis dans le domaine de la
recherche. Mais pas assez. Et, si l’Union se fait damer le pion par
les États-Unis et le Japon, c’est à cause de la frilosité de nos
dirigeants. Six pays – dont la France – exigent que le budget
européen pour la période 2007-2013 n’excède pas 1% du PNB
communautaire : c’est parfaitement ridicule ! Comment voulez-vous,
dans ces conditions, sachant que la politique agricole commune et les
fonds structurels absorbent l’essentiel des dépenses, que les
Européens puissent consacrer plus d’argent à la recherche et aux
nouvelles technologies ? Je regrette que ne figure pas dans le traité
constitutionnel une ressource budgétaire nouvelle pour permettre à
l’UE d’avoir les moyens de ses ambitions !

P. V. – Comme tout bon socialiste, si vous ne vous réveillez pas le
matin avec un nouvel impôt en tête, vous êtes malheureux ! C’est une
manie ! En réalité, l’Europe coûte de plus en plus cher à la France
et lui rapporte de moins en moins. Le contribuable français a versé
en 2003 au budget européen 2 milliards d’euros de plus qu’il n’en a
reçu. Il subventionne ainsi le déménagement de nos usines à coups de
fonds structurels… Or, pour moi, l’Europe de l’avenir, l’Europe
puissance, ne pourra fonctionner que si elle choisit comme ressort de
son rayonnement le dynamisme des nations.

J. L. – Sur ce dernier point, je vous approuve…

P. V. – L’Europe d’hier qui avait pour principe la sauvegarde de la
paix s’était donné deux objectifs majeurs : emmailloter l’Allemagne,
contenir l’Union soviétique. La phrase n’est pas de moi, elle est de
Robert Schuman. Le but a été atteint. Aujourd’hui, quels peuvent être
les objectifs pour sauvegarder la paix ? Primo, réussir l’unification
du continent et, ici, l’approche confédérale me paraît bien
préférable à l’approche fédérale avec une seule frontière de 80 000
km, un seul pays, une seule TVA et une seule législation… Secundo, la
correction de la mondialisation. Ou bien l’Europe est un écran de
protection par rapport à la mondialisation, ou bien elle laisse les
nations le faire à sa place avec, pourquoi pas, la TVA sociale…

J. L. – Eh bien faisons-la, ce n’est pas interdit !

P. V. – Tant mieux si vous êtes de mon avis ! Je reviens à la
mondialisation : Guillaume Sarkozy, qui est industriel, disait
récemment : «Quand j’exporte des tissus que je produis vers l’Inde,
ils sont taxés à 60% à leur entrée ; quand un entrepreneur indien
exporte vers l’Europe, ses textiles ne sont taxés qu’à 7%.» L’Europe
est l’union commerciale la moins protégée du monde et elle favorise
les délocalisations.

J. L. – Dans ce domaine, c’est l’Organisation mondiale du commerce
qui est en cause et, comme vous, je ne souscris pas à tous les
accords signés sous ses auspices.

P. V. – J’en termine avec le troisième objectif : il faut dire non à
l’adhésion de la Turquie car elle sera source d’insécurité extérieure
puisque nous aurons une frontière commune avec l’Irak, et
d’insécurité intérieure avec tous les problèmes de déséquilibre
économique et d’immigration qui en découleront. Je ne peux pas
débattre de la Constitution européenne sans parler de la Turquie. Les
partisans du oui disent que c’est hors sujet, moi je prétends le
contraire. D’ailleurs, le président Valéry Giscard d’Estaing ne dit
pas autre chose.

Beaucoup estiment que le lien Constitution-Turquie vient du processus
d’élargissement lui-même sans lequel la nécessité de rédiger un
traité constitutionnel n’aurait pas été ressentie…

J. L. – Je soupçonne ceux qui font l’amalgame, en France, d’avoir des
arrière-pensées de politique intérieure. Il y aura des élections
présidentielles en 2007 : ce n’est pas le sujet du référendum de mai
ou juin prochain… Cela dit, j’aurais personnellement préféré que le
traité constitutionnel soit rédigé et signé avant le dernier
élargissement à dix nouveaux pays. Tel n’a pas été le cas, tant pis.
Mais il ne faut pas tout mélanger : l’entrée de la Turquie
n’interviendra au mieux que dans dix ou quinze ans. Ouvrir une
négociation, ce n’est pas la conclure. J’avais voté contre le traité
d’union douanière avec la Turquie en 1995. Mais, depuis, ce pays a
fourni beaucoup d’efforts. Donnons-lui sa chance.

P. V. – Lors du Conseil européen du 17 décembre dernier, à Bruxelles,
les chefs d’État et de gouvernement de l’Union ont fixé le cadre de
la négociation avec la Turquie et le but à atteindre : or, ce but,
c’est l’adhésion et pas le partenariat privilégié. Donc les dés sont
pipés dès le départ et le résultat connu d’avance. Un non dans trois,
dix ou quinze ans provoquerait une explosion. C’est une impossibilité
psychologique et géopolitique. Quant aux progrès accomplis par la
Turquie, permettez-moi d’être sceptique. L’islamisation regagne
beaucoup de terrain dans ce pays qui revendique pourtant hautement sa
laïcité. 70% des femmes y sont voilées, dont la femme du premier
ministre Erdogan… Il existe de fait une religion d’État dans le pays
et les minorités religieuses ne peuvent pas se développer. Quant aux
droits de l’homme…

J. L. – Rien n’est écrit. Je me répète : ouvrir une négociation n’est
pas la conclure. Il existe trois verrous à l’adhésion turque :
d’abord, le référendum voulu par Jacques Chirac sur tous les futurs
élargissements ; ensuite, le respect par Ankara de ce qu’on appelle
les «critères de Copenhague», notamment en matière de droits de
l’homme ; enfin, les clauses de sauvegarde qui accompagneront
l’entrée de la Turquie dans l’Union dès lors que celle-ci deviendra
effective. Mais ne dramatisons pas et cessons de caricaturer la
Turquie ! En vous écoutant, je crois réentendre les prévisions
apocalyptiques des adversaires de l’adhésion de l’Espagne et du
Portugal en 1986 ! Or, qui se plaint aujourd’hui de les avoir pour
partenaires dans l’Union européenne ? La France a-t-elle perdu au
change ? Je crois plutôt qu’elle y a beaucoup gagné.

Philippe de Villiers, vous ne retenez aucun argument en faveur de
l’adhésion de la Turquie ?

P. V. – La Turquie n’est européenne ni par sa géographie, ni par son
histoire, ni par sa culture. Et quand je lis dans les conclusions du
rapport de la Commission de Bruxelles favorable à la Turquie que la
dynamique de population de ce pays permettra de compenser le
vieillissement des sociétés de l’Europe actuelle, je tombe des nues !
Car, dans l’UE, le système de décision est indexé sur la démographie
et, selon M. Giscard d’Estaing lui-même, la Turquie serait alors en
mesure de bloquer 75% des décisions… Il pense donc que la
Constitution n’aura plus lieu d’être si la Turquie entre dans
l’Union.

J. L. – Mais que pèsent 70 millions de Turcs comparés à 1,2 milliard
de Chinois et 1 milliard d’Indiens ? Je ne suis pas l’avocat de la
candidature d’Ankara mais, s’il s’avère possible de construire une
aire de civilisation large et puissante englobant un pays qui a donné
le vote aux femmes bien avant la France et dont la laïcité est
reconnue, pourquoi pas ? Vous niez la dimension civilisationnelle du
débat pour le ramener à de la politique politicienne… L’Europe
incarne des valeurs profondes et universelles. Elle plante les
drapeaux, non plus de conquêtes territoriales, mais de conquêtes des
coeurs par nos valeurs. Plus nous réussirons à élargir l’aire de
civilisation que nous représentons, plus nous protégerons notre
sécurité. Il y a une chose qui m’a notamment choqué dans votre livre,
par ailleurs bien écrit et enlevé, Philippe de Villiers : c’est quand
vous écrivez qu’on ne peut citer aucun intellectuel ou grand homme de
culture turc digne de ce nom… Vous avez le droit d’être ignorant ou
de simuler l’ignorance, mais quand même ! Que faites-vous de Yaschir
Kemal, immense écrivain et probable prix Nobel de littérature ?

P. V. – Je n’ai pas dit ça… J’ai écrit que pour un Français, il était
plus facile de citer un écrivain russe qu’un écrivain turc, c’est
tout. Au-delà, je maintiens que les deux affaires – Constitution,
Turquie – sont liées. On n’achète pas un appartement sans connaître
sa superficie ! Je note que la Turquie était présente comme
observatrice durant les travaux de la convention sur l’avenir de
l’Europe. Elle a pesé pour obtenir la disparition de toutes
références aux valeurs chrétiennes dans le préambule. Et, lors du
Conseil européen de Bruxelles, en décembre, M. Erdogan, s’est
comporté comme si son pays était déjà membre de l’Union…

J. L. – Un peu de mesure ! Il n’est pas question d’installer
Bruxelles à Istanbul ! Je le répète : si les Turcs ne remplissent pas
les conditions voulues sur le génocide arménien, la reconnaissance de
la République de Chypre, les droits des minorités ou la liberté
religieuse, il sera hors de question de les accueillir dans l’Union.
Je suivrai de près les négociations et, si le besoin s’en faisait
sentir, j’interviendrai. Je suis un démocrate absolu. Au demeurant,
il n’y a pas si longtemps de cela, j’étais bien seul – à gauche comme
à droite – à me battre pour le respect des droits de l’homme en
Turquie ! Mais, de grce, pas de procès d’intention ! Nous jugerons
sur pièces. C’est un abus de langage, une transfiguration de la
réalité que de mélanger les deux scrutins, celui qui aura lieu au
printemps et l’autre qui ne se tiendra que dans quinze ans…

P. V. – Le mea culpa sur le génocide arménien et la reconnaissance de
Chypre étaient des conditions préalables à l’ouverture de la
négociation. Au lieu de quoi, le début des négociations d’adhésion a
été fixé au 5 octobre prochain, précisément sans conditions
préalables, sur la base d’un simple engagement verbal de M. Erdogan.
Les Vingt-Cinq ont abdiqué. Croyez-vous qu’ils obtiendront en aval ce
qu’ils n’ont pas obtenu en amont ? Le courage qu’ils n’ont pas eu
hier, ils ne l’auront pas demain. Si le oui l’emporte au référendum
sur la Constitution, ce sera une caution donnée à la Turquie ; si le
non l’emporte…

J. L. – … Je ne le crois pas. Une fois encore, halte à l’amalgame. Le
vote de juin portera sur le seul traité européen et nullement sur la
Turquie.

P. V. – … Si le non l’emporte, l’Europe sera sauvée. Cela nous
permettra de tout remettre à plat, de repartir sur de bonnes bases
dans le respect des États et des peuples.

(1) Jack Lang vient de publier Nelson Mandela, leçon de vie
pourl’avenir, chez Perrin, et Philippe de Villiers LesTurqueries du
grand Mamamouchi, adresse àJacquesChirac, chez Albin Michel.