Goebbels And The Jihadist Youth

GOEBBELS AND THE JIHADIST YOUTH

American Thinker, AZ
April 11 2006

The Big Lie as propaganda device has a long and dishonorable
history, gulling onto complacency those who prefer to avoid
unpleasant worries. The Nazi propagandist Goebbels was its most
notable practitioner, but for sheer numbers and historical roots,
no other group can match the efforts of jihadist Muslims, with their
religiously-sanctioned practice of deceiving infidels to protect
the faith.

Al-Jazeera aired on March 24, 2006, a rather chilling, one-sided
“dialogue” between representatives of Arab and Danish student
organizations who met in Damascus, ostensibly to discuss the violent
worldwide Muslim reactions following publication of the Muhammad
cartoons by the Danish paper Jyllands-Posten. Video clips and a written
transcript of this event are available through the Middle East Media
Research Institute (MEMRI).

Ahmad Al-Shater, Chairman of the Arab Students Union, and his Sudanese
Student Union colleague “Muhammad,” were unremittingly truculent
in their presentations, which melded classic taquiyya (sanctioned
dissimulation of Islamic doctrine to “protect” the faithful), or
sheer ignorance, Muslim Jew-hatred, and a Goebbels-like distortion of
contemporary events, including the requisite conspiratorial Judenhass
(Jew-hatred).

Al-Shater began by stating that it was the nefarious “Zionists” and
“imperialists” who had deliberately misrepresented Islam by wrongfully
associating the religion with terrorism. He asserted categorically:

According to the Islamic religion, even in times of war, it is
forbidden to uproot a tree, it is forbidden to kill a woman, it is
forbidden to kill a child, it is forbidden to destroy wells… It is
forbidden to fill wells with earth… Water wells… It is forbidden to
harm human life, it is forbidden to destroy a church, it is forbidden
to attack a religious belief…

Classical Islamic doctrines on jihad war, and more importantly the
actual practice of jihad campaigns in accord with this theory, put
the lie to Al-Shater’s uninformed or deliberately taquiyya-laden
assertions. Al-Shater’s basic contention that “it is forbidden
to attack a religious belief” is patently absurd-the archetypal
proto-jihad campaigns of Muhammad himself imposed Islam and Islamic
suzerainty upon the pagans, Jews, and Christians of ancient Arabia,
and continue to provide the rationale for aggressive jihad imperialism
to this day.

For example, Muhammad, according to a summary of sacralized Muslim
sources,

..waited for some act of aggression on the part of the Jews of Khaybar,
whose fertile lands and villages he had destined for his followers…to
furnish an excuse for an attack. But, no such opportunity offering,
he resolved in the autumn of this year [i.e., 628], on a sudden and
unprovoked invasion of their territory.

Ali (later, the fourth “Rightly Guided Caliph”, and especially revered
by Shi’ite Muslims) asked Muhammad why the Jews of Khaybar were being
attacked, since they were peaceful farmers, tending their oasis, and
was told by Muhammad he must compel them to submit to Islamic Law. The
renowned early 20th century scholar of Islam, David Margoliouth,
observed aptly:

Now the fact that a community was idolatrous, or Jewish, or anything
but Mohammedan, warranted a murderous attack upon it.

Moreover, this canonical hadith (from Sahih Muslim Book 019, Number
4324), which further incorporates a Koranic verse (K 59:5), states
clearly that Muhammad also sanctioned the destruction of the trees
(i.e., date palms) of infidel foes:

It is narrated on the authority of ‘Abdullah that the Messenger of
Allah (may peace be upon him) ordered the date-palms of Banu Nadir to
be burnt and cut. These palms were at Buwaira. Qutaibah and Ibn Rumh
in their versions of the tradition have added: So Allah, the Glorious
and Exalted, revealed the verse (K59:5): “Whatever palm-tree you
cut down or leave standing upon its roots, It is by Allah’s command,
and that He may abase the transgressors”

And with only minor points of internal disagreement, the consensus
amongst all four major schools of classical Sunni Islamic jurisprudence
contradicts each claim made by Al-Shater. The Hanafi jurists Abu
Yusuf (d. 798), Shaybani (d. 803/805), and Shaikh Burhanuddin Ali of
Marghinan (d. 1196), state:

[Abu Yusuf]-It seems that the most satisfactory suggestion we have
heard in this connection is that there is no objection to the use of
any kind of arms against the polytheists, smothering and burning their
homes, cutting down their trees and date groves, and using catapults.

[Shaybani]-The army may launch the attack [on the enemy] by night or
by day and it is permissible to burn [the enemy] fortifications with
fire or to inundate them with water.

[Shaikh Burhanuddin Ali of Marghinan]-in the Traditions…the Prophet
plundered and despoiled the tribe of al-Mustaliq by surprise, and
he also agreed with Asamah to make a predatory attack upon Qubna
at an early hour, and to set it on fire, and such attacks are not
preceded by a call…If the infidels, upon receiving the call [to
Islam], neither consent to it nor agree to pay capitation tax, it
is then incumbent on the Muslims to call upon God for assistance,
and to make war upon them, because God is the assistant of those
who serve Him, and the destroyer of His enemies, the infidels, and
it is necessary to implore His aid upon every occasion; the Prophet,
moreover, commands us so to do. And having so done, the Muslims must
then with God’s assistance attack the infidels with all manner of
warlike engines (as the Prophet did by the people of Ta’if), and must
also set fire to their habitations (in the same manner as the Prophet
fired Baweera), and must inundate them with water and tear up their
plantations and tread down their grain because by these means they
will become weakened, and their resolution will fail and their force
be broken; these means are, therefore, all sanctified by the law.

The Hanbali jurist, Ibn Qudama (d. 1223) concurs, and both he and
Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328), also a Hanbali, elaborate on the issue of
when killing women and children may in fact be allowed:

[Ibn Qudama]-It is permitted to surprise the infidels under cover of
night, to bombard them with mangonels [an engine that hurls missiles]
and to attack them without declaring battle (du’a’). The Prophet
attacked the Banu Mustaliq unexpectedly, while their animals were
still at the watering-place; he killed the men who had fought against
him and carried off the children into captivity. It is forbidden to
kill children, madmen, women, priests, impotent old men, the infirm,
the blind, the weak-minded, unless they have taken part in the combat.

[Ibn Taymiyya]-As for those who cannot offer resistance or cannot
fight, such as women, children, monks, old people, the blind,
handicapped, and their likes, they shall not be killed, unless they
actually fight with words [e.g. by propaganda] and acts [e.g. by
spying or otherwise assisting in the warfare]. Some [ jurists] are
of the opinion that all of them may be killed, on the mere ground
that they are unbelievers, but they make an exception for women and
children since they constitute property for Muslims.

Averroes (d. 1198), the renowned philosopher and scholar of the
natural sciences, who was also an important Maliki jurist, outlines
some of the (rather trivial) points of controversy:

Opinions vary as to the damage that may be inflicted on their property,
such as buildings, cattle, and crops. Mâlik allowed the felling of
trees, the picking of fruits and the demolishing of buildings, but
not the slaughter of cattle and the burning of date-palms…According
to Shâfiî, dwellings and trees may be burnt as long as the enemy have
the disposal of fortresses.

The Shafi’i jurist Al-Mawardi’s (d. 1058) opinion confirms the
prevailing consensus views:

The amir [leader] of the army may use ballistas and catapults when
besieging the enemy, for the Messenger of Allah…set up a catapult
against the inhabitants of Ta’if. He may also destroy their homes,
make night raids against them and cause fire. If, moreover, he reckons
that by cutting their date-palms and their trees down it will serve to
weaken them, such that they are overcome by force or are compelled to
make a peace agreement, then he should do so; he should not, however,
act in this way if he does not see any such benefit in it…. It is
also permitted to block off the supply of water to them, or to prevent
them from using it, even if there are women and children amongst them,
as it is one of he most potent means of weakening them and gaining
victory over the, either by forcer or through a treaty. If a thirsty
person amongst them requests a drink, the amir may either give him
to drink or refuse him, just as he has the option of killing him or
letting him live.

Even the writings of the much lionized paragon of mystical Sufism
and Shafi’i jurist al-Ghazali (d. 1111)-who, as noted by the esteemed
scholar W.M. Watt, has been “…acclaimed in both the East and West as
the greatest Muslim after Muhammad…”-underscore how these practices
were normative:

one must go on jihad (i.e., warlike razzias or raids) at least once a
year…one may use a catapult against them [non-Muslims] when they are
in a fortress, even if among them are women and children. One may set
fire to them and/or drown them…One may cut down their trees…One
must destroy their useless books. Jihadists may take as booty whatever
they decide..

Ibn Hudayl, a 14th century Granadan author of an important treatise on
jihad, explained how these allowable methods facilitated the violent,
chaotic jihad conquest of the Iberian peninsula, and other parts
of Europe:

It is permissible to set fire to the lands of the enemy, his stores
of grain, his beasts of burden – if it is not possible for the Muslims
to take possession of them – as well as to cut down his trees, to raze
his cities, in a word, to do everything that might ruin and discourage
him…[being] suited to hastening the Islamization of that enemy or
to weakening him. Indeed, all this contributes to a military triumph
over him or to forcing him to capitulate.

And these repeated attacks, indistinguishable in motivation from
modern acts of jihad terrorism, like the horrific 9/11/01 attacks in
New York and Washington, DC, and the Madrid bombings on 3/11/04, or
those in London on 7/7/05, were in fact designed to sow terror. The
17th century Muslim historian al-Maqqari, explained that the panic
created by the Arab horsemen and sailors, at the time of the Muslim
expansion in the regions subjected to those raids and landings,
facilitated their later conquest:

Allah thus instilled such fear among the infidels that they did not
dare to go and fight the conquerors; they only approached them as
suppliants, to beg for peace.

The essential pattern of the jihad war is captured in the classical
Muslim historian al-Tabari’ s recording of the recommendation given
by Umar b. al-Khattab (the second “Rightly Guided Caliph”) to the
commander of the troops he sent to al-Basrah (636 C.E.), during the
conquest of Iraq. Umar reportedly said:

Summon the people to God; those who respond to your call, accept
it from them, but those who refuse must pay the poll tax out of
humiliation and lowliness. (Koran 9:29) If they refuse this, it is
the sword without leniency. Fear God with regard to what you have
been entrusted.

By the time of al-Tabari’s death in 923, jihad wars had expanded the
Muslim empire from Portugal to the Indian subcontinent. Subsequent
Muslim conquests continued in Asia, as well as Eastern Europe. Under
the banner of jihad, the Christian kingdoms of Armenia, Byzantium,
Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Croatia, and Albania, in
addition to parts of Poland and Hungary, were also conquered and
Islamized by waves of Seljuk, or later Ottoman Turks, as well as
Tatars. Arab Muslim invaders engaged, additionally, in continuous
jihad raids that ravaged and enslaved Sub-Saharan African animist
populations, extending to the southern Sudan. When the Ottoman Muslim
armies were stopped at the gates of Vienna in 1683, over a millennium
of jihad had transpired.

These tremendous military successes spawned a triumphalist jihad
literature. Muslim historians recorded in detail the number of
infidels slaughtered, or enslaved and deported, the cities, villages,
and infidel religious sites which were sacked and pillaged, and the
lands, treasure, and movable goods seized.

And once again, despite Mr. Al-Shater’s ignorance or disingenuous
denial, this sanctioned but wanton destruction, resulted in: the
merciless slaughter of non-combatants, including women and children;
massive destruction of non-Muslim houses of worship and religious
shrines-Christian churches, Jewish synagogues, and Zoroastrian,
Hindu, and Buddhist temples and idols; and the burning of harvest
crops and massive uprooting of agricultural production systems,
leading to famine. Christian (Coptic, Armenian, Jacobite, Greek, Slav,
etc.), as well as Hebrew sources, and even the scant Zoroastrian,
Hindu and Buddhist writings which survived the ravages of the Muslim
conquests, independently validate this narrative, and complement the
Muslim perspective by providing testimonies of the suffering of the
non-Muslim victims of jihad wars.

Al-Shater also spewed forth this lying invective-180 degrees divorced
from reality-which included a frank “burning of the Reichstag”
reference to mosque destruction considering the recent bombing of the
revered Shi’ite “Golden Mosque” in Samarra-a striking contemporary
event, but also just another manifestation of over a millennium of
Muslim sectarian violence between Sunnis and Shi’a:

Those who try to pin the blame for terrorism on the Muslims, headed
by the leader of international terrorism, America, and by Zionism
and imperialism, are killing our children in Palestine and Iraq on a
daily basis, as you can see. They are destroying schools. They are
destroying churches and mosques. They violate our honor. They rape
women and slit open the stomachs of pregnant women.

The bitter irony is that in stark contrast to Al-Shater’s mendacious
slurs against American troops in Iraq and Afghanistan, or Israeli
forces in Gaza, Judea or Samaria, it is modern jihad campaigns which
have been fraught with the atrocities he enumerates. A few prominent
examples include: the Ottoman massacres of the Bulgarians in 1876
and larger genocidal slaughters of the Armenians at the close of
the 19th century, through the end of World War I; the Moplah jihad
against the hapless Hindus of South India in 1921; the massacres of
Assyrian Christians by Arab and Kurdish Muslims near Mosul in 1933;
and the recent genocidal jihad waged against Southern Sudanese
Christians and Animists by the Arab Muslim Khartoum government,
primarily during the last decade of the 20th century.

American correspondent Januarius A. MacGahan recorded these
observations from Batak, July-August, 1876 during his investigation
of the Bulgarian massacres:

The number of children killed in these massacres is something
enormous. They were often spitted on bayonets, and we have several
stories from eye-witnesses who saw little babes carried about the
streets, both here and at Otluk-kui, on the point of bayonets. The
reason is simple. When a Mahometan has killed a certain number of
infidels, he is sure of Paradise, no matter what his sins may be…the
ordinary Mussulman takes the precept in broader acceptation, and
counts women and children as well. Here in Batak the Bashi-Bazouks,
in order to swell the count, ripped open pregnant women, and killed
the unborn infants. As we approached the middle of the town, bones,
skeletons, and skulls became more numerous. There was not a house
beneath the ruins of which we did not perceive human remains, and
the street besides were strewn with them.

Lord Kinross described the slaughter of the Armenian community of Urfa
in December, 1895, one of a series of brutal massacres committed by
the Ottoman Turks between 1894 and 1896, as follows:

Cruelest and most ruinous of all were the massacres at Urfa, where
the Armenian Christians numbered a third of the total population.

Here in December 1895, after a two-months siege of their quarter,
the leading Armenians assembled in their cathedral, where they drew
up a statement requesting Turkish official protection. Promising this,
the Turkish officer in charge surrounded the cathedral with troops.

Then a large body of them, with a mob in their wake, rushed through the
Armenian quarter, where they plundered all houses and slaughtered all
adult males above a certain age. When a large group of young Armenians
were brought before a sheikh, he had them thrown down on their backs
and held by their hands and feet. Then, in the words of an observer,
he recited verses of the Koran and “cut their throats after the Mecca
rite of sacrificing sheep.”

When the bugle blast ended the day’s operations some three thousand
refugees poured into the cathedral, hoping for sanctuary. But the
next morning – a Sunday – a fanatical mob swarmed into the church in
an orgy of slaughter, rifling its shrines will cries of “Call upon
Christ to prove Himself a greater prophet than Mohammed.” Then they
amassed a large pile of straw matting, which they spread over the
litter of the corpses and set alight with thirty cans of petroleum.

The woodwork of the gallery where a crowd of women and children
crouched, wailing in terror, caught fire, and all perished in
the flames. Punctiliously, at three-thirty in the afternoon the
bugle blew once more, and the Moslem officials proceeded around the
Armenian quarter to proclaim that the massacres were over. They had
wiped out 126 complete families, without a woman or a baby surviving,
and the total casualties in the town, including those slaughtered in
the cathedral, amounted to eight thousand dead.

Vahakn Dadrian recounted the harrowing details of the slaughter of 6400
Armenian children, young girls, and women from Yozgad, described in
Reverend K. Balakian’s eyewitness narrative of the World War I period
(1914-1920), Hai Koghota (The Armenian Golgotha). The victims were
left by their Turkish captors at a promontory some distance from the
city. Then,

To save shell and powder, the gendarmerie commander in charge of this
large convoy had gathered 10,000-12,000 Turkish peasants and other
villagers, and armed with “hatchets, meat cleavers, saddler’s knives,
cudgels, axes, pickaxes, shovels”, the latter attacked and for some
4-5 hours mercilessly butchered the victims while crying “Oh God,
Oh God” (Allah, Allah). In a moment of rare candor, this gendarmerie
commander confided to the priest-author, whom he did not expect to
survive the mass murder, that after each massacre episode, he spread
his little prayer rug and performed the namaz, the ritual of worship,
centered on prayer, with a great sense of redemption in the service
of Almighty God.

J. J. Banninga, an American graduate of the Western Theological
Seminary, spent forty-two years in India, serving for 25 years as
head of the Union Theological Seminary at Pasumalai in South India.

His analysis of the 1921 Moplah (i.e., Muslims of Arabic and Hindu
descent living in the Malabar district of South India) jihad-one of
many periodic outbreaks of Moplah fanaticism-included these harrowing
descriptions:

…the Hindu population fell easy prey to their (i.,e., the Moplah)
rage and the atrocities committed defy description…The tale of
atrocities committed makes sad reading indeed. A memorial submitted by
women of Malabar to Her Excellency the Countess of Reading mentions
such crimes as wells filled with mutilated bodies, pregnant women
cut to pieces, children torn from mother’s arms and killed, husbands
and fathers tortured, flayed, and burned alive before the eyes of
their wives and daughters; women forcibly carried off and outraged;
homes destroyed; temples desecrated…not less than 100 Hindu temples
were destroyed or desecrated; cattle slaughtered in temples and their
entrails placed around the necks of the idols in place of garlands
of flowers; and wholesale looting. No fiendish act seems to have been
too vile for them to perpetrate.

…There were, during the rebellion, many cases of forced conversion
from Hinduism to Mohammedanism. There was a double difficulty about
restoring these people to their old faith. In the first place there
is a severe penalty resting on any Mohammedan that perverts…and in
the second place there is really no door save birth into Hinduism.

On August 11, 1933, less than a year after British withdrawal from the
region, the “new” Iraqi armed forces, aided by local Arab and Kurdish
tribesmen, began the wholesale massacre of Assyrians in the Mosul
area (Simel, Dohuk). Before the end of August, 1933, 3000 Assyrians
were murdered, and thousands more displaced. An example typical of
the carnage was described in a contemporary chronicle believed to
have been written by Mar Eshai Shimun XXIII, a Cambridge University
graduate and Patriarch of the Church of the East:

The inoffensive population was indiscriminately massacred, men, women
and children alike, with rifle, revolver and machine gun fire. In one
room alone, eighty-one men from the Baz tribe, who had taken shelter…

were barbarously massacred. Priests were tortured and their bodies
mutilated. Those who showed their Iraqi nationality papers were the
first to be shot. Girls were raped and women violated and made to
march naked before the Arab army commander. Holy books were used as
fuel for burning girls. Children were run over by military cars.

Pregnant women were bayoneted. Children were flung in the air and
pierced on to the points of bayonets. Those who survived in the other
villages were now exposed day and night to constant raids and acts
of violence. Forced conversion to Islam of men and women was the
next process. Refusal was met with death. Sixty five out of ninety
five Assyrian villages and settlements were either sacked, destroyed
or burnt to the ground. Even the settlements which existed from the
year 1921 and who had no connection in any way with the trouble were
wrecked and all property looted by Iraq army and tribesmen.

The intrepid Dr. John Eibner made 20 visits to the Sudan during decade
of the 1990s, reporting on the recrudescence of jihad slavery. The
Arab Muslim dominated Khartoum government established an overtly
jihadist Popular Defense Force, which further incorporated local Arab
militias. Their jihad depredations targeting the Christian and Animist
tribes (principally the Dinkas of northern Bahr al-Ghazal, together
with the black African Nuba tribes of southern Kordofan) slaughtered,
displaced, and enslaved tens, sometimes hundreds of thousands at
a time. During the spring of 1998 alone, more than 300,000 persons
were displaced, while the total number killed and enslaved remained
unknown. These Dinka victims-women and children-shared the fate of
the Nuba, as described by Eibner:

Some Nuba captives end up as chattel slaves but the overwhelming
majority are deported to concentration camps elsewhere in Sudan, where
they serve in slave-like conditions. The children are sent to militant
Qur’anic schools, while the women are sent out to work without pay
as day laborers on farms and in private homes. Sexual abuse is rife.

Al-Shater’s conspiracy mongering (the publication of the Danish
cartoons was yet another act of the “cabal”), and gross distortions
of Islamic doctrines and history were complemented by his lionization
of Holocaust deniers Roger Garaudy and David Irving (whose name he
could not recall-“He relies on documents. I cannot recall his name,
but he is a great English intellectual, a university professor, who
refuted the Holocaust.”), as well as the viscerally anti-American
and Antisemitic British politicians George Galloway and Ken Livingston.

The briefer presentation of Al-Shater’s colleague, Sudanese Student
Union Chairman “Muhammad” included raw Muslim Judenhass, threats to
Danish soldiers, and equally mendacious assertions of U.S.

murderousness in Iraq-compared, with earnestness, to the putatively
“light casualties” inflicted on the Iraqis during Saddam’s 30-year
reign of domestic terror.

I’d like to tell you that harming the Prophet is not a new thing. One
thousand four hundred years ago, the Jews tried to kill him in
Al-Madina. In our religion, harming the Prophet is where we draw
the line. We are prepared to die to prevent this……As you know,
Bush killed 110,000 people in Iraq, while Saddam did not kill even
one third of this figure. Saddam did not kill even 30,000 people
throughout his rule. I would like to welcome you on this visit,
because the image of Denmark and the Danish people has become very
negative in the Arab and Islamic world. In conclusion, I would like
to say that tomorrow America will pass a resolution in the U.N.

Security Council calling for international military intervention in
Sudan. Among these forces, obviously, there will be Danish forces. I
would like to inform you that because the Sudanese people are so
angry over this affront, they will kill the Danish soldiers before
they kill the others.

He may be invoking an oral tradition, preserved in the hadith,
for this uniquely Islamic motif of Jew hatred (Bukhari- Volume 3,
Book 47, Number 786), which maintains that the perfidious Jews caused
Muhammad’s protracted, excruciating death from poisoning.

Narrated Anas b. Malik: A Jewess brought a poisoned (cooked) sheep
for the Prophet who ate from it. I continued to see the effect of
the poison on the palate of the mouth of Allah’s Apostle

The rest of Sudanese Student Union Chairman “Muhammad” statements
speak for themselves.

And what were the responses of the Danish Student Delegation Head
to his Muslim interlocutors, the Chairmen of the Arab Students and
Sudanese Student Unions?

…as a representative of the Danish youth and not a representative
of the government, I cannot explain to you why the Danish government
has not apologized…And another important question, in your last
very concrete questions about… could a Danish newspaper have made
drawings of the Holocaust or denying the Holocaust. And the answer to
that question is yes. There’s no law in Denmark preventing a Danish
newspaper from making drawings of the Holocaust.

These muted, largely non-sequitur responses by the Head of the Danish
Student Delegation are a tangible product of the “Eurabian ethos”,
which Bat Ye’or warned, pervades Western European academic and
political institutions. The very “cartoon dialogue” itself was but a
microcosm of the larger Euro-Arab Dialogue process and a distressing
illustration of the most craven dhimmitude that parent institution
has engendered, threatening, as Bat Ye’or notes, the very foundations
of Western society:

This Eurabian ethos operates at all levels of European society. Its
countless functionaries, like the Christian janissary slave-soldiers of
past Islamic regimes, advance a jihadist world strategy. Eurabia cannot
change direction; it can only use deception to mask its emergence,
its bias and its inevitable trajectory. Eurabia’s destiny was sealed
when it decided, willingly, to become a covert partner with the Arab
global jihad against America and Israel. Americans must discuss the
tragic development of Eurabia, and its profound implications for the
United States, particularly in terms of its resultant foreign policy
realities. Americans should consider the despair and confusion of
many Europeans, prisoners of a Eurabian totalitarianism that foments
a culture of deadly lies about Western civilization. Americans should
know that this self-destructive calamity did not just happen, rather
it was the result of deliberate policies, executed and monitored by
ostensibly responsible people.

Finally, Americans should understand that Eurabia’s contemporary
anti-Zionism and anti-Americanism are the spiritual heirs of 1930s
Nazism and anti-Semitism, triumphally resurgent.

Andrew G. Bostom is the author of The Legacy of Jihad.

p?article_id=5404

–Boundary_(ID_26P/QdrrNjXv0r1P gFoZRg)–

http://www.americanthinker.com/articles.ph

Italian Government To Finance Implementation Of Cultural Programs In

ITALIAN GOVERNMENT TO FINANCE IMPLEMENTATION OF CULTURAL PROGRAMS IN ARMENIA

ArmRadio.am
11.04.2006 16:38

Two important cultural programs will be implemented in Armenia with
the assistance of the Italian government. First, 35 thousand Euros
will be provided to Armenia for preservation and restoration of
monuments. Another 29.5 thousand Euros will be provided for Armenians
of Italy to become specialized in Italian language and culture.

BAKU: 5 PACE Representatives To Visit Baku On April 25-26- IgorIvano

5 PACE REPRESENTATIVES TO VISIT BAKU ON APRIL 25-26- IGOR IVANOVSKI
Author: R. Abdullayev

TREND Information, Azerbaijan
April 10 2006

5 representatives from 5 different committees of the Parliamentary
Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) will visit Baku on April
25-26, regarding the re-run parliamentary elections in Azerbaijan.

This information was first released by the representative of the PACE
bureau on Progress and Assembly permanent commission, Igor Ivanovski
during his speech at the spring session of PACE, the Trend reporter
reports from Strasbourg.

He has also suggested an idea of organizing a meeting of Azerbaijani
and Armenian MPs and discussions to revise the number of PACE committee
members on Nagorno-Karabakh.

Armenian Soldiers Will Study In Military Institutions Of CSTO Member

ARMENIAN SOLDIERS WILL STUDY IN MILITARY INSTITUTIONS OF CSTO MEMBER STATES

ArmRadio.am
11.04.2006 15:11

The points of the agreement on training of military cadres of the
Collective Security Treaty Organization member states correspond to
the Armenian Constitution. Such decision has been taken today by the
Constitutional Court of Armenia.

Secretary of the Presidential Council on National Security, Defense
Minister Serge Sargsyan, who was presenting the interests of the
country, declared that the agreement was signed on June 23, 2005 in
Moscow. From the Armenian side the agreement was signed by President
Robert Kocharyan.

Azeri Lawyer Confesses Life Sentence Demanded For Safarov

AZERI LAWYER CONFESSES LIFE SENTENCE DEMANDED FOR SAFAROV

PanARMENIAN.Net
11.04.2006 19:56 GMT+04:00

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ April 13 the sentence will be passed in Budapest
concerning Ramil Safarov, who hacked Armenian officer Gurgen
Margaryan. Safarov’s lawyer Adil Ismaylov stated, “at the session
on April 4 the prosecutor demanded to deprive him of liberty for
30 years.” However, later it was clear that the prosecutor demanded
life sentence.

According to the Zerkalo Baku-based newspaper, after long protraction
had to confess that “unfortunately Armenians speak the truth this
time.” In this case, why it was necessary to state a week before that
the state prosecutor demanded 30 years, the newspaper asks.

As of whether politicization of the event hampered the trial of
Safarov, Ismaylov said, “it is quite normal that the case was
transferred to the political plane.”

“I believe politicization hampered the Azeri officer by no means. To
the contrary, I think the Azeri society could not use that factor to
the full,” the lawyer emphasized.

According to the Hungarian legislation, there are two options for
life sentence. According to the first the prisoner at the bar is
sentenced to life imprisonment without any conditions or chances
for release. The second is life sentence with a condition that the
accused has a right to submit an appeal for pardon in 30 years.

RFE/RL Iran Report – 04/10/2006

RADIO FREE EUROPE/RADIO LIBERTY, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC
_________________________________________ ____________________
RFE/RL Iran Report
Vol. 9, No. 13, 10 April 2006

A Review of Developments in Iran Prepared by the Regional Specialists
of RFE/RL’s Newsline Team

******************************************** ****************
HEADLINES:
* AGENDA FOR IRANIAN-U.S. TALKS ON IRAQ REPORTEDLY SET
* KURDISH ACTIVISTS JAILED IN IRAN
* DISSIDENT JOURNALIST’S PRISON RELEASE DELAYED
* ALLEGED EFFORT TO KILL BALUCHI LEADER FAILS
* MILITARY EXERCISES TAKE PLACE NEAR HOLY CITY
* IRAN’S NAVAL DOCTRINE STRESSES AREA DENIAL
* PERSIAN GULF WAR GAMES PURPORTEDLY SIGNAL ‘CONVERGENCE’ WITH NEIGHBORS
* IRAN CONDUCTS SEVERAL MISSILE TESTS
* IRAN EMPHASIZES REGIONAL PEACE
* AMBASSADOR CALLS FOR NEGOTIATED SOLUTION TO NUCLEAR ROW
* EARTHQUAKE SURVIVORS CRITICIZE ASSISTANCE EFFORTS
* TEHRAN DENOUNCES U.S. DEMOCRACY PROMOTION
* POLITICAL ACTIVISTS VOW TO STEER CLEAR OF POSSIBLE U.S. FUNDING
* RIGHTS LEADER SAYS REFORMISTS SEEK TO REGAIN STRENGTH
***************************************** *******************

AGENDA FOR IRANIAN-U.S. TALKS ON IRAQ REPORTEDLY SET. Tehran’s
charge d’affaires in Baghdad, Hassan Kazemi-Qomi, said on April 4
that Iranian-U.S. talks about Iraqi affairs will take place with the
participation of Iraqi officials, Radio Farda reported. He said the
actual talks will come after a determination on the level at which
they will be staged. Kazemi-Qomi said that both Tehran and Washington
agree that the formation of a united Iraqi government must take place
as soon as possible. He said the Shi’ite parties who won the
elections must hold a majority in the government, Radio Farda
reported.
An anonymous source in the Supreme National Security Council
told Mehr News Agency on April 4 that the purported talks will begin
on April 8. The Iranian delegation will be led by National Security
Council officials Ali Husseini-Tash and Aziz Jaafari and will include
Foreign Ministry officials.
“Al-Quds al-Arabi,” an Arabic newspaper from the United
Kingdom, quoted anonymous Shi’ite sources in Baghdad as saying
that preparatory discussions for the Iranian-U.S. talks have already
commenced between the two countries’ intelligence services and
their diplomatic representatives in Iraq. The sources asserted that
Ayatollah Ahmad Jannati, secretary of Iran’s Guardians Council,
is already in Baghdad for the talks.
“Al-Watan,” a Saudi daily, on March 26 quoted “well-informed
U.S. sources” who said the talks have begun. The sources said the
agenda has been set and is restricted to Iraqi affairs but includes
formation of a government, U.S. bases, and Iranian intelligence
activities.
The possibility of such discussions has not been welcomed by
all Iranians. The Justice-Seeking Student Movement (Junbish-i
Idalatkhah-i Daneshjui) on April 5 issued a statement criticizing the
upcoming talks between Iran and the United States, Mehr News Agency
reported, and announced that a rally against the talks will take
place in front of the Supreme National Security Council building in
Tehran on April 8. The movement said the official stance on talks
with the United States is insufficiently transparent and at present
such talks are not in the Iranian interest, so they should not take
place.
Islamabad-i Gharb parliamentary representative Heshmat
Falahat-Pisheh was quoted in the April 4 “Etemad-i Melli” as saying
that Iran should get concessions from the United States in exchange
for helping it in Iraq. Falahat-Pisheh said the nuclear issue is a
particularly important area in which concessions should be secured.
Hussein Shariatmadari, the supreme leader’s
representative at the Kayhan Institute, editorialized in “Kayhan” on
April 3 that he warned in an earlier editorial against holding talks
with the United States. Shariatmadari noted with approval Supreme
Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei’s March 21 speech, in which he
“rejected” negotiations with Washington and said Iranian officials
will only express their views on Iraq. Shariatmadari said the minimum
conditions for holding talks do not exist. He said the sides are to
discuss security, for example, but according to the supreme leader
the occupation of Iraq is the main cause of insecurity. “How can we
negotiate with the occupier of Iraq on security conditions in this
country?!” Shariatmadari asked. “Assuming that America may be
considered as a party for talks while we do not even think America
deserves to be talked to,… negotiating with America on security
will be impossible and unreasonable in essence.”
It is a bad time for Iran to discuss anything with the United
States, conservative commentator Amir Mohebbian wrote in the April 6
“Resalat” newspaper. The timing of Tehran’s agreement to engage
in talks on Iraq suggests that this reflects an effort to alleviate
international pressure on the Islamic Republic. Mohebbian suggested
discussing a range of issues, so strengths and weaknesses could
offset each other. He also warned of the impression that Iran will
look like it is supporting one Iraqi group — the Shiites — whereas
the U.S. will appear to be the supporter of Sunnis, Kurds, and other
minorities, thereby reinforcing American “propaganda” that Iran is
interfering in Iraqi affairs. Mohebbian continued, “Holding talks
with Americans in Iraq and about Iraq…is not good for Iran’s
image. And it is not good even for Iran’s interests in Iraq and
among the countries of the region.” The disagreements between
Washington and Tehran are so extensive, Mohebbian added, that “these
talks will have no results and Iran will be demonstrated to have a
weak position.” (Bill Samii)

KURDISH ACTIVISTS JAILED IN IRAN. Mohammad Sadiq Kabudvand, head of
the Organization for the Defense of Human Rights in Kurdistan, told
Radio Farda on April 5 that Mahabad resident Fateh Tirani has
received a six-year sentence, which includes a mandatory two-year
imprisonment in the town of Maragheh, and a four-year suspended
prison sentence. Tirani did not have legal representation. In the
town of Oshnavieh, a Western Azerbaijan Province court has given
Suleiman Minapak a two-year prison sentence. The two were sentenced
for their alleged membership in the Kurdistan Democratic Party of
Iran, and for publicizing its activities. Four other members of the
KDP-I were arrested in the town of Bukan the previous week and are
still being held. (Bill Samii)

DISSIDENT JOURNALIST’S PRISON RELEASE DELAYED. Dissident
journalist Akbar Ganji, who was released on prison leave in mid-March
and whose release was expected to take place during his leave period,
must return to confinement, the Iranian Labor News Agency (ILNA)
reported. This is because he was given a seven-day leave starting on
March 18, the unidentified deputy prosecutor for prison affairs said,
but Ganji did not return on March 25. The period he was absent
without leave will be added to his sentence, the official said. (Bill
Samii)

ALLEGED EFFORT TO KILL BALUCHI LEADER FAILS. An unnamed spokesman for
the ethnic Baluchi group called Jundullah said in an April 5
telephone call to Al-Arabiyah television that reports on Tehran TV
about the group’s leader are untrue. The spokesman said Iranian
military forces tried to kill Abdulmalik Rigi in Dul Bandi, Sistan va
Baluchistan Province, hear the border with Pakistan. However, he
continued, they hit one of their own vehicles and killed its
occupants. The spokesman went on to say that Rigi is unharmed.
Jundullah has claimed responsibility for the March 16 attack on a
motorcade traveling between the cities of Zahedan and Zabol in which
more than 20 people were killed and another seven were injured (see
“RFE/RL Iran Report,” 29 March 2006). The group released a videotape
in which it said it was holding several hostages. (Bill Samii)

MILITARY EXERCISES TAKE PLACE NEAR HOLY CITY. Twenty battalions made
up of Basij members working at government offices participated in the
Forces of Muhammad military exercise near the Tehran-Qom highway on
April 3, Fars News Agency reported. Commander Safar Ali Baratlu,
commander of the Basij forces of ministries and government offices,
said there are now 900,000 Basij members working in state
institutions. He did not specify whether that is a provincial or
national figure. By participating in this exercise as the “enemy”
tries to isolate Iran, he said, “government employees are
demonstrating a practical response to internal and external enemies
and proving their loyalty to the government.” According to the
dispatch, these were asymmetric warfare exercises designed to counter
an enemy attack. This was the first time such exercises have taken
place, and the participants used small and medium-size weapons.
Rescue and relief operations took place, too. (Bill Samii)

IRAN’S NAVAL DOCTRINE STRESSES AREA DENIAL. Iran’s testing of
the new Fajr-3 missile, torpedoes, and other types of hardware during
March 31-April 6 war games has overshadowed the exercises themselves.
But the maneuvers, which are taking place in the Persian Gulf, the
Straits of Hormuz, and the Sea of Oman, are significant because they
highlight the role of naval power in Iran’s military doctrine.
Iran’s long coastline — approximately 2,400 kilometers
in the south — affects its military outlook, Defense Minister
Mustafa Mohammad Najjar said during an early January visit to the
southern port city of Bandar Abbas. “One of the strategies of the
Defense Ministry is to promote our operation and combat forces’
capabilities in the sea,” he added. It would achieve this, he said,
by building ships and submarines and through cooperation with the
gulf’s littoral states. Najjar went on to say that the navy
applies creative and innovative methods, uses asymmetric warfare, and
depends on domestically made products.
Later in the month, an Iranian military official stressed
“denial of access” and said the United States is very vulnerable at
sea. Mujtaba Zolnur, a high-ranking official at the Islamic
Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC), continued, “This is another weak
point of the enemy because we have certain methods for fighting in
the sea so that war will spread into the Sea of Oman and the Indian
Ocean,” “Aftab-i Yazd” reported on January 23. “We will not let the
enemy inside our borders.”
IRGC commander General Yahya Rahim-Safavi said in summer 2005
that the plans of the corps’ navy include confronting aggressors
by using asymmetric warfare and by improving power-projection
capabilities, “Siyasat-i Ruz” and “Kayhan” reported on June 8.
A total of 38,000 men serve in Iran’s conventional navy
and the IRGC navy, and these forces are believed to have a
significant capacity for regular and asymmetric naval warfare.
Rahim-Safavi added that the navy wants to improve its missile
systems and its surveillance capabilities, and it wants to strengthen
its defense of Persian Gulf islands.
The need to protect bases and oil facilities in the Persian
Gulf makes “area denial” through mine warfare a major aspect of
Iranian naval doctrine. Mines were used during the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq
War. Today, Iran has three to five ships with minesweeping and
mine-laying capabilities, and many of its smaller vessels can lay
mines. Aircraft can drop mines, too.
Tehran has occasionally threatened to use mines to block the
Straits of Hormuz, described by the U.S.’s Energy Information
Administration as “by far the world’s most important oil choke
point.” In February 2005 congressional testimony, the Defense
Intelligence Agency director, Vice Admiral Lowell Jacoby, addressed
this possibility by saying that Iran would rely on a “layered
strategy” that uses naval, air, and some ground forces to “briefly”
close the straits. Iran’s purchase of North Korean fast-attack
craft and midget submarines improved this capability, he said.
Missiles are important for “area denial” as well. Iran
compensates for limited air power and surface-vessel capabilities
with an emphasis on antiship missiles. Four of these systems were
obtained from China — the long-range Seersucker missile, as well as
the CS-801, CS-801K, and CS-802 antiship missiles. There are reports
that Iran has purchased Ukrainian antiship missiles. Most commercial
shipping is within range of missiles based on Iranian islands in the
Persian Gulf.
In an effort to limit hostile air power in the region, Iran
might target air bases to its south, or it could try to strike
aircraft carriers outside the gulf. Submarines could be used for the
latter assignment, and the port of Chah Bahar on the Sea of Oman is
being modified to serve the kilo-class submarines Iran purchased from
Russia in the 1990s.
As the Persian Gulf war games continued and Iran demonstrated
new types of equipment, Tehran sought to reassure the international
community of its benign intentions. Foreign Minister Manuchehr
Mottaki said on April 4 that the country’s military doctrine is
essentially defensive, the Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA)
reported. (Bill Samii)

PERSIAN GULF WAR GAMES PURPORTEDLY SIGNAL ‘CONVERGENCE’ WITH
NEIGHBORS. Iranian ships maneuvered in the Straits of Hormuz and
practiced electronic countermeasures on April 2, the third day of the
Noble Prophet naval war games that began on March 31, state
television reported. Antiaircraft exercises reportedly took place as
well, and an anonymous “official” said anti-submarine activities took
place in the straits, the Persian Gulf, and the Sea of Oman.
Personnel from the Basij Mobilization Forces participated in the
exercises on April 1, state television reported. Two thousand Basij
members and 400 Basij vessels were used in what was described as
“exercises designed to defend cities as well as civil relief and
rescue operations.”
The spokesman for the war games, Vice Rear Admiral Mohammad
Ebrahim Dehqani, said on March 31 that 17,000 people, 1,500 vessels,
and aircraft are participating in the exercises, which should last
until April 6, IRNA reported.
As the exercises entered their fourth day on 3 April, Basij
commander Brigadier General Mohammad Hejazi said his force is ready
to defend the country, Fars News Agency reported. He added that the
war games reflect Iran’s policy of “convergence” with neighboring
Persian Gulf states. Insecurity caused by aliens, Hejazi said, has a
cost for the enemy and those who undermine regional stability.
Referring to an earlier missile test conducted by the Islamic
Revolution Guards Corps (see below), Hejazi said that only Iran’s
enemies should be fearful. He added that all the countries in the
region benefit from the establishment of security, and this security
helps Iran economically. Therefore, he continued, Iran would not seek
to destabilize the region. (Bill Samii)

IRAN CONDUCTS SEVERAL MISSILE TESTS. On the penultimate day of naval
exercises in the Persian Gulf, Iran claimed it successfully tested a
“top secret missile,” state television reported on April 5. The
missile, developed by the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps and fired
from a helicopter, reportedly employs “over the horizon targeting”
(OTH-T), which is a radar system with a range that exceeds line of
sight. State radio falsely claimed, “Iran is the first country to
have this capability.” The American Harpoon missile has OTH-T
capabilities and has existed for nearly 30 years, for example. The
Harpoon can also be launched from aircraft, ships, and submarines. In
another first, a cruise missile with a 200-kilometer range was
reportedly fired from a helicopter on April 5, Iranian state
television reported.
After the demonstration of the Misaq anti-aircraft
shoulder-launched missile on April 4, war-games spokesman Mohammad
Ibrahim Dehqani said the missile can be neither detected nor
intercepted. The other missile that was tested that day, the Kosar,
can be fired from a ship or from land at a target on the water.
Dehqani stressed that this missile is also difficult to intercept.
The Islamic Revolution Guards Corps’ (IRGC) navy
successfully test-fired a powerful subsurface missile on April 2, dpa
reported, citing an IRNA report. General Ali Fadavi, deputy commander
of the IRGC navy, said the torpedo can reach a maximum speed of 100
meters per second but provided no other information. AP quoted state
television reporting that the weapon could destroy virtually any
warship or submarine. Dubai’s Al-Arabiyah television also
reported on the missile test, using Iranian video footage, as did
Pakistani television from Islamabad.
Meanwhile, on March 31, IRGC air-force chief General Hussein
Salami described the launch the same day of a “new missile with more
modern tactical and technical capabilities compared to previous
generations of missiles,” state television reported. He said the
missile has multiple warheads that can hit different targets, and it
can evade radar and any country’s antimissile defense systems.
U.S. State Department spokesman Adam Ereli said on March 31
that the surface-to-surface missile test the same day “demonstrates
that Iran has a very active and aggressive military program under
way,” Radio Farda reported. That program, Ereli charged, includes the
development of weapons of mass destruction and the necessary delivery
systems. Ereli added that Iranian military activities worry the
world. “I think Iran’s military posture [and]
military-development effort is of concern to the international
community, as evidenced by the kind of consensus you’re seeing
with regard to their nuclear program, as well as other
nonproliferation concerns,” he said, according to Radio Farda.
Ruslan Pukhov, director of the Center for Analysis of
Strategies and Technologies, told Ekho Moskvy radio on March 31 that
Iranian defense industries are insufficiently developed to create
world-class missiles. “It is hard to imagine that this missile is a
100-percent Iranian development,” he continued. “Most probably it is
a clone of a Chinese missile or Chinese and old Soviet technologies
combined.” This makes the missile predictable and easy to intercept,
he said. Pukhov described the Iranian claims as an effort to fight
the United States on the “information front.” An unnamed “Israeli
missile expert” quoted by the newspaper “Yediot Aharanot” on April 2
said the Iranian claim is “detached from reality.” (Bill Samii)

IRAN EMPHASIZES REGIONAL PEACE. On the heels of the test-firings of
two missiles earlier in the week and during continuing naval war
games in the south, Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) chief
Yahya Rahim-Safavi said on April 4 that his organization’s navy
can defend Iran’s islands in the Persian Gulf, IRNA reported. He
added that the navy can launch land-to-sea missiles a distance of
2,000 kilometers. Rahim-Safavi emphasized that Iran wants regional
peace and security, and said this is impossible until foreign forces
withdraw from Iraq.
Rahim-Safavi said on April 5 that the United States should
recognize Iran as a “regional power,” state television and IRNA
reported. Speaking in the southern port city of Bandar Abbas,
Rahim-Safavi went on to say that Washington should know that threats
or sanctions will work against U.S. and European interests.
Iran’s “Noble Prophet” naval exercises ended on April 6,
and Defense Minister Mustafa Mohammad Najjar announced in Bandar
Abbas on that day that Iran is willing to conduct joint exercises
with any of the Persian Gulf littoral states, IRNA reported. He added
that Iran is willing to sign a non-aggression pact with any of its
southern neighbors. Noting the demonstrations of new equipment during
the exercises, he promised more in the near future. Also in Bandar
Abbas, Islamic revolution guards Corps commander Yahya Rahim-Safavi
said, “We hope the trans-regional powers have got the message of the
war game,” IRNA reported. He warned that insecurity in Iran is a
threat to trans-regional powers. (Bill Samii)

AMBASSADOR CALLS FOR NEGOTIATED SOLUTION TO NUCLEAR ROW. Mohammad
Javad Zarif, Iran United Nations ambassador, said in an April 6 op-ed
in “The New York Times” that a negotiated solution to the Iranian
nuclear crisis is “possible and eminently within reach,” and added
that Tehran has tried to “resuscitate” negotiations with Berlin,
London, and Paris. Not only has Iran accepted rigorous inspections by
the UN since October 203, but “Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the leader of
the Islamic Republic, has issued a decree against the development,
production, stockpiling and use of nuclear weapons.” Zarif concluded
by saying that “pressure and threats” will not yield results, whereas
“political will” and “serious negotiations” will produce a solution.
(Bill Samii)

EARTHQUAKE SURVIVORS CRITICIZE ASSISTANCE EFFORTS. Hanif Yazdani, a
resident of the quake-stricken town of Dorud in Luristan Province,
told Radio Farda that some 600-700 locals demonstrated in front of
the governorate on April 1 over what they view as slow and inadequate
provision of emergency services. Three earthquakes struck western
Iran early on March 31, with Interior Ministry official Mohammad
Hussein Shiri saying the next day that 70 people had been killed and
almost 1,300 injured. Shiri said at that time that relief had reached
90 percent of the damaged area, but, according to Yazdani, some 400
people are still without tents. Even people whose houses were not
destroyed by the initial quakes are reluctant to go home because they
fear aftershocks, Yazdani said. Yazdani told Radio Farda that 160
riot-control personnel (niruha-yi zed-i shuresh) attacked the
demonstrators, and shots were fired in the air. Yazdani added that
the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps began distributing tents and will
enforce order. Yazdani ascribed other relief delays for the
impoverished area to bureaucracy, corruption, favoritism, and
nepotism.
U.S. State Department spokesman Ereli on March 31 read a
letter from Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in which she
expresses condolences to victims of the Luristan earthquake, Radio
Farda reported. The letter also mentions the possibility of U.S.
assistance: “We wish to support efforts under way to help those
suffering as a result of this tragedy. The United States is ready to
provide humanitarian assistance to the Iranian people in this time of
need.”
Undersecretary of State Nicholas Burns telephoned Iran’s
ambassador to the UN, Mohammad Javad Zarif, on March 31 to express
sympathies and offer assistance that would include blankets and
water, IRNA reported. Zarif said Iran is not yet seeking
international aid.
IRNA reported on March 31 that the United States “uses”
humanitarian disasters like the recent Luristan earthquakes to show
the Iranian people “it has a humanitarian heart” so it can “create a
wedge between the people and the government.” State radio reacted to
the U.S. offers by saying on April 1 that “the objectives and motives
behind the deceptive and misleading sympathies expressed by [U.S.
President George W.] Bush and [Secretary] Rice for the quake victims
in Iran are apparent to the Iranian people. And if the officials in
Washington are sincere, instead of promising to help, they should
recognize the rights of the Iranian nation in nuclear technology.”
Iran has previously accepted U.S. earthquake relief, and the
extent of the assistance after the December 2003 earthquake in Bam
led to speculation that official contacts could follow. Tehran dashed
these hopes when it rejected a visit by a high-level U.S. delegation
that would include North Carolina Republican Senator Elizabeth Dole
(see “RFE/RL Iran Report,” 12 January 2004). Tehran would later
ascribe its failure to assist quake victims in a timely fashion to
the failure of other countries to meet assistance commitments, but
the Red Crescent Society demanded an accounting because only $1.9
million of the more than $11.8 million in foreign funds reached the
victims (see “RFE/RL Iran Report,” 15 March 2004).
Aid from others donors was accepted. For example, Russia sent
aid on April 1, according to Russia’s RTR television, and
Pakistan sent aid the next day, IRNA reported.
UNICEF has committed $100,000 to assist young victims of the
March 31 earthquake, “Iran” newspaper reported on April 4. Christine
Salazar Volkmann, the UNICEF spokeswoman in Iran, said after a visit
to the city of Borujerd in Luristan that children had spent several
nights out in the cold since the tremors. UNICEF’s Iran office
has distributed 10,000 cots and 300 tents, “Iran” reported. The
UNICEF office added that experts on children’s health have been
sent to the region. An April 3 statement from the United Nations
added that the World Health Organization (WHO) has established an
office in Dorud, one of the worst-hit cities, and is sending enough
supplies for the treatment of 20,000 people, AP reported. A total of
$450,000 has been committed by UN agencies. (Bill Samii)

TEHRAN DENOUNCES U.S. DEMOCRACY PROMOTION. “Friends of Uncle Sam in
Iran,” Tehran television announced on April 6. An unnamed U.S. deputy
secretary of state has announced that unnamed Iranian NGOs are
receiving “tips and wages” from the U.S. These NGOS, Tehran
television continued, will do Washington’s bidding under the
guise of “human rights and democracy.” (Bill Samii)

POLITICAL ACTIVISTS VOW TO STEER CLEAR OF POSSIBLE U.S. FUNDING.
Prominent activists and political opponents of Iran’s hard-line
administration are warning that U.S. funds designated to help civic
groups could backfire. The Bush administration recently (in February)
announced plans to seek $75 million in emergency funding to promote
democracy in Iran, in addition to $10 million already budgeted. A
loose affiliation of intellectuals at home and abroad has rejected
such aid as “an insult” to the Iranian people. And the fear of any
perception of subservience to a foreign government is strong.
While gauging public opinion can be a tall order in Iran,
many of those who have spoken out so far say they are keen to
maintain their independence. They say they don’t need American
money to continue their efforts to promote democracy in Iran.
Mohammad Ali Dadkhah is a co-founder of the Center for Human
Rights Defenders. Dadkhah tells RFE/RL that democratic changes should
come from inside the country — without outside interference.
“Democracy is not a product that we can import from another country,”
Dadkhah says. “We have to prepare the ground for it so that it can
grow and bear fruit — especially because independent and national
forces, and also self-reliant forces, in Iran will never accept a
foreign country telling them what to do and which way to take.”
The proposed U.S. aid would include $25 million to support
“political dissidents, labor union leaders, and human rights
activists” in additional to nongovernmental groups outside Iran. The
declared aim is to allow them to build support inside the country.
The U.S. administration also wants $50 million to set up
round-the-clock television broadcasting in Persian to beam into Iran.
Another $5 million is aimed at allowing Iranian students and scholars
to study in the United States. And $15 million is earmarked for other
measures like expanding Internet access, which is tightly controlled
in Iran.
Wary Of Perceptions
It can be difficult to measure broad public opinion in Iran,
whose authorities keep a tight lid on public expression. But most
activists inside the country would be wary of being labeled
pro-American.
Dadkhah says that if activists were to accept the U.S. aid,
they would immediately be branded U.S. spies and accused of
endangering Iran’s national security. “Independent forces would
go close to these financial funds,” Dadkhah says. “We have to work
through legal paths and logical channels so that democracy, freedom,
and human rights are fully respected in this country.”
Abdullah Momeni, an outspoken Iranian student leader, warns
that U.S. financial aid would threaten the independence of those
seeking increased freedoms and put them at the official risk. Momeni
tells RFE/RL that those working for democracy in Iran instead need
moral support and international recognition. “Under the current
conditions, the support of the international community and pressure
on the authoritarian Iranian regime to recognize democratic
principles in Iranian society could help the Iranian people achieve
democracy,” Momeni says. “The only result of financial aid would be
to inflame sensitivities, put civil society activists under threat,
and give the regime an excuse to suppress opponents and opposition
members.”
Fiercely ‘Independent Opposition’
A loose alliance of political activists and intellectuals
calling itself the Independent Iranian Opposition has issued a
statement declaring that “only the people will determine Iran’s
fate.” It adds that the independent Iranian opposition has always
battled with no expectation of financial assistance from “interested
foreign powers.” It also pledges that members will continue their
efforts until a “free, independent, and democratic Iran” emerges.
A respected human-rights activist and lawyer, Mehrangiz Kar
is an Iranian woman who lives in the United States. Kar tells Radio
Farda that while money is important for rights groups to function,
“security” is even more crucial to their effectiveness. “The shaky
security under which human rights and democracy activists are working
in Iran would become even shakier and more uncertain [if U.S. funding
is involved],” Kar says. “So, in my opinion, if they could provide
security and money, that would be ideal. But since they can’t,
sending money through government channels is one of the most damaging
ways that has been adopted in the name of helping democracy and human
rights in Iran.”
Abbas Milani is a distinguished Iranian scholar and
co-director of the Iran Democracy Project at the Hoover Institution.
Milani questions whether the new U.S. initiative would achieve its
goal of fostering democracy. He pointed out in a joint contribution
with Michael McFaul to “The Wall Street Journal” on March 6 that
while “outsiders find it easy to support democracy rhetorically,” it
is harder to put such concepts into practice.
Milani warns the United States against support for “regime
change” through violence or for ethnic groups seeking independence
from Tehran. He insists that any new U.S. aid must empower “existing
democrats, not create democrats from [among] those with close ties to
Washington.”
Meanwhile, Iranian officials have described the U.S.
administration’s funding request as “provocative and
interventionist.”
Iranian media reported in March that the Foreign Ministry
sent a letter of protest to Washington over the plan. Not to be
outdone, Iranian lawmakers have approved about $15 million to
“discover and neutralize American plots and intervention” in their
country. (Golnaz Esfandiari, Radio Farda’s Maryam Ahmadi
contributed to this report)

RIGHTS LEADER SAYS REFORMISTS SEEK TO REGAIN STRENGTH. U.S. Secretary
of State Condoleezza Rice called in February for the U.S. Congress to
allow Washington to increase spending on democracy programs for Iran
from $10 million to $75 million this year. Fatemeh Aman of
RFE/RL’s Radio Farda interviewed Fatemeh Haghighatjoo, a leading
defender of human rights and advocate democracy in Iran, for her
views on the wisdom of such overt support, on how the crisis over
Iran’s nuclear program is affecting the opposition, and on the
current mood among two key groups, women and students. A former
member of the Iranian parliament, Haghighatjoo resigned in 2004
following a crackdown on reformers. She is now a visiting scholar
with the Center of International Studies at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology in Boston, in the United States.
RFE/RL: As an active member of the Iranian reformists’
camp, how do you think Rice’s $75 million proposal will affect
the democracy movement in Iran? Fatemeh Haghighatjoo: I don’t
think this plan will help promote democracy in Iran. On the contrary,
it will weaken the position of pro-democracy activists in Iran. Even
before the United States announced this move, extreme right-wing
figures such as Ayatollah Mohammad Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi [a cleric whose
followers include Iranian President Mahmud Ahmadinejad], used to
accuse Iranian reformists of receiving suitcases from the United
States stuffed with dollars.
This rumor was the basis for the prosecution of many writers
and journalists. Many newspapers were banned and journalists jailed.
This monetary support will play into the hands of the totalitarian
regime in Tehran to systematically crack down on the democracy
movement. Having said that, I do agree with some of the points raised
by Rice, such as proposals about cultural and scientific exchange.
The U.S. government should ease restrictions on Iranians —
particularly academics — for travel and for culture and scientific
exchanges.
RFE/RL: But if the regime is looking for an excuse,
couldn’t it use even this kind of support against the democracy
movement?
Haghighatjoo: This is a long-term issue. Currently, the
biggest problem in Iran is the absence of an independent media.
Supporting independent media and the free flow of information will
have a significant impact on the promotion of democracy in Iran.
RFE/RL: Do you mean media within Iran, or outside the
country?
Haghighatjoo: Radio and television are run by the government.
Most newspapers and websites are also directly or indirectly run by
state institutions. The few independent media outlets there are also
under enormous pressure. So what we need are media outlets that are
independent of the Islamic Republic. As you know, Iran’s Supreme
National Security Council has issued an order that bans media from
reporting about the standoff [with the West over Iran’s nuclear
program]. Many people [in Iran] may not know that Iran has been
referred to the Security Council. This is the type of news that
[independent] media would be able to convey.

U.S. Model For The Middle East?

RFE/RL: Do you think that the United States has a viable
model for promoting democracy in the Middle East? How successful do
you think this plan could be in the region?
Haghighatjoo: I personally believe that the drive to promote
democracy in the Middle East stems primarily from U.S. national
interests and the threat of terrorism. Efforts to fight terrorism can
also help promote democracy, but once democracy and the principles of
voting are accepted, you can’t complain about the outcome. A lot
of people in the United States are worried about this and are even
raising the question whether democracy is appropriate for the Middle
East. This is a short-sighted view.
The second point is that democracy cannot be imposed by war.
What we should be working on is promoting the culture of democracy in
the Middle East. I think the United States needs to revise many of
its policies. Promoting democracy has to be adjusted to suit the
cultural specificities of these countries. The military option is by
nature antidemocratic. Look at Iraq. There are certainly some
positive trends there, such as free elections. But the negative
aspects predominate, at least for now.

The Nuclear Crisis And The Reformers

RFE/RL: Before the Iranian presidential elections in June
2005, you predicted that if Ahmadinejad were elected, it would
militarize Iranian politics and increase pressure on the democracy
movement. Now it seems that the nuclear standoff is also helping the
militarists. What can Iranian activists do to have an influence on
this process, or prevent it from moving ahead?
Haghighatjoo: I think if the United Nations were to pressure
Iran on the issue of human rights, rather than on the nuclear issue,
it would have been much more effective. The regime would never have
been able to manage to create such a united front against it. People
would certainly not let the regime violate human rights and justify
it as being in the national interest — whereas they have been able
to create some degree of unity among different factions of the regime
and make a national-interest issue out of the nuclear standoff. Any
military action or even indiscriminate sanctions against Iran will
strengthen the position of the totalitarian elements within the
Islamic Republic. I hope the Security Council is aware of this fact.
RFE/RL: Why are the reformers so quiet? Is it a temporary
tactic, or is it out of fear of prosecution?
Haghighatjoo: I am not entirely uncritical of the policy of
the reformers in Iran. But the fact is that they are under enormous
pressure. Events such as the appearance of Akbar Atri and Ali Afshari
[of the Office for Strengthening Unity, an umbrella student group]
before the U.S. Congress in March also increase the pressure on the
reformers. After the topic of the $75 million in aid came up, many
Iranians were arrested who had in the past attended the Iran Human
Rights Documentation Center in New Haven [which documents human
rights abuses in Iran, and receives U.S. funding]. It’s important
to act in a way that doesn’t raise the price of activism in Iran.
RFE/RL: Before the election, you predicted that an
Ahmadinejad government could only survive in a crisis. Is the nuclear
standoff the type of crisis that you believe he’s been seeking?
Haghighatjoo: Yes, a crisis like this. And also possibly a
military attack. A military attack, in particular, would help them to
strengthen themselves enormously. The different factions have now
found a common enemy. Without this [nuclear] crisis, the parliament
and the executive would now be engaged in a bitter fight, and the
rift between [and current chair of the Expediency Council, which has
supervisory powers over all branches of government, and former
President] Hashemi Rafsanjani and Ahmadinejad or [Supreme Leader
Ayatollah Ali] Khamenei would have deepened.

Iran’s Rebellious Women?

RFE/RL: Let’s turn to women’s issues. The governments
of Ahmadinejad and [former President Mohammad] Khatami’s
governments differ in this regard tremendously. You had said that
Khordad 2nd — the date, in the Islamic calendar, when Khatami won
his first election, and the subsequent name of Iran’s reformist
movement — would have not happened without women. Do you think the
achievements of the women’s movement during that time are being
lost irreversibly?
Haghighatjoo: Well, as I said, the pressure is immense, and
it has silenced even the most outspoken reformers. I don’t think
the current situation will put an end to the women’s movement,
but it will have a significant negative impact on it. Activities will
diminish, but the demands will still be there, and they will be
expressed again once the situation improves. We should also realize
that these pressures may trigger a rebellious response. Previously,
women always sought permission for their gatherings. However, many
women’s groups don’t bother with that anymore. I think
women’s demands and the form of their protests will change.

The Importance Of Students

RFE/RL: Will the next major movement in Iran be a student
movement?
Haghighatjoo: The generation of the Islamic Revolution is
committed to the Islamic Republic and the concept of a religion-based
governance. Both the reformists and the conservatives are from this
generation. Many reformists still support the concept of “Vilayat-i
Faqih,” or supreme jurisprudence. But the new generation is not
interested in the model of the Islamic Republic; it supports a
secular model instead. Secularism — not exactly as practiced in
France or Turkey, but as a system based on the separation of the
institution of religion from the institution of power. This
generation cannot see their freedom being restricted in the name of
religion.
The next leaders of the Iranian democracy movement will be
those who fight for a secular constitution, and this potential exists
in the student movement. I believe that no broad political movement
can take root in Iran without the students. However, the student
movement is not yet mature, and cannot lead to a widespread civic
movement by itself. The student movement must ally itself with elites
who follow the same principles. The religious elites cannot be allied
with the student movement. We see now that the demarcation between
the religious elites and the student movement is becoming
increasingly clear. I don’t think a widespread movement will take
shape soon. However, if the students make the right moves and take
advantage of political opportunities that may come up, they can pave
the way for a broad civic movement.

*************************************** ******************
Copyright (c) 2006. RFE/RL, Inc. All rights reserved.

The “RFE/RL Iran Report” is a weekly prepared by A. William Samii on
the basis of materials from RFE/RL broadcast services, RFE/RL
Newsline, and other news services. It is distributed every Monday.

Direct comments to A. William Samii at [email protected].
For information on reprints, see:
p
Back issues are online at

http://www.rferl.org/about/content/request.as
http://www.rferl.org/reports/iran-report/

Iran-Armenia Gas Pipeline To Be Operational Dec. 2006

IRAN-ARMENIA GAS PIPELINE TO BE OPERATIONAL DEC. 2006

Mehr News Agency, Iran
April 9 2006

TEHRAN, Apr. 9 (MNA) — The first phase of Iran-Armenia gas export
pipeline is expected to kick off in early December 2006, technical and
foreign relations director of Armenia Energy Ministry Leon Vartanian
announced on Sunday.

“The project is moving at desirable pace and it is going to come on
stream 30 days earlier than anticipated time,” the Persian service
of ISNA quoted Vartanian as saying, adding that the pipeline is 40
km long within the Armenian territory.

Elsewhere in the news, Iran’s oil minister, Seyyed Kazem
Vaziri-Hamaneh, stated that the country is exporting gas to
Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan Republic, on energy exchange basis and
several other gas export plans to the neighboring countries are
under consideration.

A natural gas sale to Armenia is Iran’s third largest long-term
contract in this sector after the export agreements to Turkey and
UAE. The deal is projected at the daily volume of nine million
cubic meters.

RA Foreign Minister Has Meetings With RF Security Council Secretary,

RA FOREIGN MINISTER HAS MEETINGS WITH RF SECURITY COUNCIL SECRETARY, OSCE MG RUSSIAN CO-CHAIR AND RUSSIAN ARMENIAN BUSINESSMEN IN MOSCOW

Noyan Tapan
Armenians Today
Apr 06 2006

MOSCOW, APRIL 6, NOYAN TAPAN – ARMENIANS TODAY. RA Foreign Minister
Vartan Oskanian’s 3-day working visit to Moscow started on April
5. The same day in the evening Minister Oskanian met with Secretary
of RF Security Council Igor Ivanov. During the conversation the
sides touched upon the current state and development prospects of
Armenian-Russian bilateral relations, as well as exchanged thoughts
about a number of issues of mutual interest, regarding regional and
international security. In the morning of April 6, V.Oskanian met with
OSCE Minsk Group Russian Co-chairman Yuri Merzliakov at the Armenian
Embassy in RF. Then Minister Oskanian received a number of Russian
Armenian businessmen. At the meeting the Minister highly estimated the
latters’ interest and confidence in Armenia’s economic potential and
market. Expressing gratitute for the programs implemented in Armenia
by the Armenians from all parts of the world, Minister Oskanian also
mentioned the necessity to systematize this process. In particular,
presenting the program aimed at promoting the development of the
Armenian villages, V.Oskanian informed that it will be one of the
main issues to be submitted for discussion at the Armenia-Diaspora
third Forum to be held on September 18-19. At the meeting, during
which an interested dialogue on prospects of Armenia’s development
and Armenia-Diaspora cooperation in different spheres proceeded, the
businessmen expressed readiness to take part in these discussions and
to assume implementation of concrete programs. In the second half of
the day RA Foreign Minister made a speech under the title “Cooperation
and Security in the South Caucasus” at Moscow Carnegie Center,
which is one of the Russian leading research centers of political
and public sciences. Representatives of Russian state and political
circles, scientific-research and higher educational institutions of
Moscow, diplomatic missions in RF, Russian and foreign media had come
to listen to RA Foreign Minister’s speech. In the evening Minister
Oskanian will meet with the Armenian students of Moscow State Institute
of International Relations at RA Embassy. According to RA Foreign
Ministry Press and Information Department, in the morning of April
7 Vartan Oskanian will meet with RF Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov.

Azerbaijan Military Budget Reached $600 Million

AZERBAIJAN MILITARY BUDGET REACHED $600 MILLION

PanARMENIAN.Net
06.04.2006 21:43 GMT+04:00

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ The amount of funds assigned from Azerbaijan’s
budget for the Armed Forces has come from $170 million to $600
million. According to a decree of Azerbaijan’s President, monthly
additions, those for title and other expense items of servicemen are
to be increased two times. Beneficial mortgage credits are also to
be provided to them, Trend reports.

Iran: What Is Allowed To The West Is Not Allowed To Azerbaijan

IRAN: WHAT IS ALLOWED TO THE WEST IS NOT ALLOWED TO AZERBAIJAN
“PanARMENIAN.Net” analytical department

PanARMENIAN.Net
03.04.2006 GMT+04:00

“Azeris want to unite and create united Azerbaijan. But they should
not even dream about that”, said the ambassador of Iran in Azerbaijan.

Azerbaijan wants to enlist the support of United States in the
settlement of Nagorno-Karabakh problem and makes a curtsey towards
Turkey hoping that United States will note that. And since Turkey is
still one of the strategic partners of US in the region, the actions
of Azeri authorities are more than “justified”.

/PanARMENIAN.Net/ The second world congress of Azeris was really an
“event” for the Azeri Diaspora, which is scattered, uncoordinated
and at times simply harmful for Azerbaijan. It is not a hard job to
bring examples proving the idea: numerous criminal battles in Russia,
odd actions “in support of Turkey” which obviously does not need any
support, though skillfully uses the Azeri factor struggling against
the international recognition of Armenian genocide. Thing that have
happened this time may from the first glance look strange or even
accidental. Statements against Iran, appeals to the people of South
Azerbaijan to unite and finally – announcing that Persian poets are
Azeri poets.

Most likely, Azerbaijan wants to win the support of United States in
the settlement of Nagorno-Karabakh problem and makes a curtsey towards
Turkey hoping that United States will note that. And since Turkey is
still one of the strategic partners of US in the region, the actions
of Azeri authorities are more than “justified”. Even more “justified”
is the behavior of Azeris in the light of threats to Iran. It is true,
but nevertheless Iran is not Iraq or Afghanistan. Iran accepts threats
quite adequately. Azerbaijan cannot afford things that the West can,
all the more appropriation of Persian cultural heritage.

The mess stirred up after the announcements made by the chairman of the
world congress of Azeris Javad Derekhty about the creation of united
Azerbaijan. In reply to this, the ambassador of Iran in Azerbaijan
said: “They want to unite and create united Azerbaijan. But they
should not even dream about that”.

This announcement was followed by the reaction of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of Iran. The diplomatic note from Iranian foreign
ministry said: “Under conditions when Azerbaijan has faced the
problem of territorial integrity, such announcements contradict to
national interests and are harmful for the strengthening of mutual
relations. The Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran strongly
urges Azerbaijan to immediately put an end to such actions, stop the
activities of anti-Iranian elements and maintain the amicable agreement
between the two countries. Let us live and see how Azerbaijan benefits
from such announcements. Though I am the ambassador of the Islamic
Republic of Iran in your country, I myself am an Iranian Azeri. In
Iran there is a large number of parties and organizations, which
try to undertake certain actions in the republic. We do not create
favorable conditions for them. Such announcements may create serious
problems in future. It is necessary to put an end to speculations
of that kind. The state should not allow anyone to speak out against
the interest of another country during an official event.

Such people will not do good to Azerbaijan”.

It is not we to decide will they do good or not. But the fact is
that official Baku has already started rewriting not only their own
history, but also the history of Iran. Azeri “historians” seem to
have forgotten that playing with Iran is very dangerous.

Iranian Ambassador Suleymani has reminded once again that everything
written by the former President of Iran Mohammad Khatami about the
fact that Nizami Gyanjevi is an Iranian poet is plain truth. Nizami
wrote and created in Persian. He does not have any literary works in
Azerbaijani. “Azerbaijan doe not have a single proof, not a single
fact that could testify to the fact that Nizami wrote in Azerbaijani.

He did not read his poems in Azerbaijani. He read them in Persian
and later they were translated into Azerbaijani”, the ambassador
said. He also spoke against calling Shakhriar an Azeri poet. It is
noteworthy that the phenomenon of presenting Iranian poets as Azeri
poets began yet in 1960s with the coming of Heidar Aliev first as a
head of National Security Office and later as First Secretary of the
Communist Party of Azerbaijan.

In this connection it is worth quoting the phrase of 19th century
English Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli: In reply to the question why
there is no anti-Semitism in Great Britain, Disraeli (a christened Jew)
said: “the English simply do not think that Jews are smarter”.