Armenia records 939 new Covid-19 cases on Sept. 23

Panorama, Armenia
Sept 23 2021

Armenia has confirmed 939 new cases of coronavirus in 24 hours, bringing the national tally to 255,648 as of 11 a.m. Thursday, September 23, the Ministry of Health reports.

592 more patients have recovered from the disease with the total number of recoveries now standing at 237,855.

The Covid-19 death toll has increased by 19 to 5,200. The figure does not include the deaths of 1,197 other people carrying the virus. According to the health authorities, they were caused by other diseases.

Armenia now has 11,396 active cases. As many as 1,669,977 tests have been performed in the country since the disease outbreak.

BREAKING: House Passes Decisive Amendments to the NDAA (H.R. 4350)

Washington, D.C. - Five decisive human rights and accountability amendments were adopted en bloc as part of the overall National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2022, known as bill H.R. 4350, reported the Armenian Assembly of America (Assembly).
In the aftermath of last Fall’s 44-day war launched by Azerbaijan with the full support of Turkey against the Armenian people of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), the Assembly strongly advocated for and welcomed passage of the following amendments:
  • Amendment #21 sponsored by Rep. Tony Cárdenas (D-CA), and cosponsored by Reps. Adam Schiff (D-CA), Jackie Speier (D-CA), Andy Levin (D-MI), Gus Bilirakis (R-FL), Zoe Lofgren (D-CA), Frank Pallone (D-NJ), Jan Schakowsky (D-IL), Brad Sherman (D-CA), David Valadao (R-CA), Judy Chu (D-CA), Anna Eshoo (D-CA), Katie Porter (D-CA), Young Kim (R-CA), Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-IL), and Dina Titus (D-NV): This amendment "creates a report on Azerbaijan's activities in Nagorno Karabakh in 2020 to be submitted to the relevant congressional committees by the Secretary of Defense in consultation with the Secretary of State. Also expresses the Sense of Congress that the government of Azerbaijan should immediately return all Armenian prisoners of war and captured civilians. Urges the Administration to engage with Azerbaijani authorities, including through the OSCE Minsk Group, to make clear the importance of adhering to their obligations under the November 9 statement and international law to immediately release all prisoners of war and captured civilians."
  • Amendment #278 sponsored by House Rules Committee Chairman James McGovern (D-MA), and cosponsored by Reps. Tom Malinowski (D-NJ), Jamie Raskin (D-MD), Anna Eshoo (D-CA), Gerry Connolly (D-VA), Peter Welch (D-VT), Sheila Jackson Lee (D-TX), Ted Lieu (D-CA), Norma Torres (D-CA), and Don Beyer (D-VA): This amendment "modifies the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (Subtitle F of title XXI of PL 114-328) to authorize sanctions for serious human rights abuse, any violation of internationally recognized human rights, or corruption; adds two new reports to Congress; and repeals the sunset."
  • Amendment #325 sponsored by Rep. Frank Pallone (D-NJ), and cosponsored by Reps. Grace Meng (D-NY), Rashida Tlaib (D-MI), Gus Bilirakis (R-FL), Adam Schiff (D-CA), Jackie Speier (D-CA), Jim Costa (D-CA), Linda Sánchez (D-CA), Zoe Lofgren (D-CA), Anna Eshoo (D-CA), David Valadao (R-CA), Judy Chu (D-CA), and Abigail Spanberger (D-VA): This amendment "requires a report from the Secretary of Defense, in collaboration with the Secretary of State, addressing allegations that some units of foreign countries that have participated in security cooperation programs under section 333 of title 10, U.S.C. may have also committed gross violations of internationally recognized human rights before or while receiving U.S. security assistance. This report also includes recommendations to improve human rights training and additional measures that can be adopted to prevent these types of violations."
  • Amendment #431 sponsored by Rep. Dina Titus (D-NV), and cosponsored by Reps. Zoe Lofgren (D-CA), Young Kim (R-CA), Judy Chu (D-CA), Jim Costa (D-CA), and Anna Eshoo (D-CA): This amendment "requires a report by the Secretary of State on the activities of the Grey Wolves organization (AKA Bozkurtlar & Ülkü Ocaklari) undertaken against U.S. interests, allies, and international partners, including a review of the criteria met for designation as a foreign terrorist organization."
  • Amendment #449 sponsored by Rep. David Valadao (R-CA), and cosponsored by Reps. Brad Sherman (D-CA), Susan Wild (D-PA), Andy Levin (D-MI), Zoe Lofgren (D-CA), Young Kim (R-CA), Judy Chu (D-CA), Jim Costa (D-CA), Abigail Spanberger (D-VA), Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-IL), Katie Porter (D-CA), Frank Pallone (D-NJ), David Schweikert (R-AZ), David Trone (D-MD), and Don Beyer (D-VA): This amendment "requires a report within 180 days of all US humanitarian and developmental assistance programs in Nagorno Karabakh, including an analysis of the effectiveness of such programs and any plans for future assistance."
Speaking in support of his amendment (#325), Rep. Frank Pallone (D-NJ) stated on the House floor that countries that violate human rights, such as Azerbaijan, which received over $100 million dollars in Fiscal Years 2018 and 2019, along with "equipment and training from the U.S. military," and launched "a deadly attack against Nagorno-Karabakh/Artsakh on September 27 that led to the death of thousands and the displacement of so many more," should not receive U.S. funding.
 
"Passage of this amendment sends a clear signal that the U.S. takes seriously its democratic norms and commitment to peace by ensuring oversight of our security assistance," said Rep. Pallone, noting that in the future there will be "restraint from aiding and tolerating similar regimes, especially when their actions are aimed at destabilizing a fellow democracy."
 
Assembly Executive Director Bryan Ardouny stated: "Taken together, these amendments represent a significant step forward in upholding human rights and demanding accountability for violations thereof. We also continue to call for the full enforcement of Section 907 of the Freedom Support Act in the face of Azerbaijan's ongoing aggression against the Armenian people."
 
Ardouny added: "We welcome in particular the language calling for the immediate release of Armenian prisoners of war being held by Azerbaijan as well as the new reporting requirements, including future funding plans to help the people of Artsakh."
Established in 1972, the Armenian Assembly of America is the largest Washington-based nationwide organization promoting public understanding and awareness of Armenian issues. The Assembly is a non-partisan, 501(c)(3) tax-exempt membership organization.

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NR# 2021-81

Raisi Presidency Challenged to Tackle Three Major Problems Between Iran and Azerbaijan

Jamestown Foundation
Sept 15 2021


A number of other endemic and fresh troubles also exist in Azerbaijan’s relations with Iran, including Tehran’s concerns about Baku’s influence over ethnic Azerbaijanis living in Iran as well as Iranian meddling in Azerbaijan’s internal affairs (see
 EDM July 12). Yet the three main problematic aspects of their bilateral relationship, discussed above, can be expected to determine the trajectory of Azerbaijani-Iranian ties in the coming years under the Raisi presidency.As new Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi forms his government, Baku and Tehran are expected to enter the next uneasy and uncertain phase in their bilateral relations. In particular, issues relating to the unfinished railway segment of the North-South Transport Corridor (NSTC) and the controversial hydropower projects on the Azerbaijani-Iranian border remain unresolved. On top of those, the augmenting Azerbaijani-Israeli partnership is a major factor that continues to complicate Tehran’s perspective on Azerbaijan.

In 2018, Baku formally approved the allocation of a $500 million loan for the construction of the missing 211-kilometer Rasht–Astara segment (inside Iran) of the railway component of the NSTC (a transcontinental, multimodal route extending from India and the Gulf to Russia and Europe via Azerbaijan and Iran) (see EDM November 9, 2017). But Baku has yet to disburse the loan to Tehran. The Iranian ambassador to Azerbaijan, Seyid Abbas Musevi, has said that the loan issue “has been discussed in our recent meeting with [Azerbaijani] President Ilham Aliyev. Currently, there are some technical problems in that direction and we are trying to tackle them” (Report.az, June 22, 2021). According to Iranian expert Dr. Vali Kaleji, Iran is “concerned that a revival of [a] Soviet-era railway [in the South Caucasus] will sideline the Rasht–Astara railway project” (Cacianalyst.org, July 8).

The troubles for the Rasht–Astara railway segment are specifically related to the possible reactivation of the Soviet-built Armenian-Azerbaijani transport connections as per the Armenian-Azerbaijani-Russian trilateral declaration that ended the 2020 Second Karabakh War (see EDM January 25, February 22). Baku’s purported change of mind regarding the financing of the Rasht–Astara rail line is connected to disagreements with Tehran over the reactivation of the Armenian-Azerbaijani transport links (Inss.org.il, July 2021). Tehran wants to siphon off at least some of the traffic from the Azerbaijani railway route of the NSTC to the moribund Iranian-Armenian railway line, via Azerbaijan’s Nakhchivan exclave, that is to be restored after 30 years. Iran will use the NSTC’s Azerbaijani route solely for direct railway connections with Azerbaijan and Russia as well as to ease the heavy traffic on its domestic motorways. Baku’s intention, on the other hand, is to redirect the traffic from it to what Baku describes as the “Zangezur corridor” (the transit lines that are to connect mainland Azerbaijan with Nakhchivan via southern Armenia) in order to bolster that corridor and raise its strategic value. President Aliyev hinted that it “could be part of the north-south transportation corridor from Iran to Russia, because […] Astara–Rasht, is not built.” But “[t]his [Zangezur corridor] for sure will be built,” he added (President.az, April 13). As such, Baku and Tehran will likely have to settle these inter-connected issues as a package rather than separately.

Another bone of contention between Baku and Tehran is the issue concerning the controversial Khudaferin and Qiz Qalasi hydroelectric power projects. A package approach is particularly relevant in this context since their prior agreements on both the NSTC and those hydropower plant projects had been reached as part of wider diplomatic processes (see EDM, June 24, 2020).

Baku and Tehran need to settle the financing of the planned Khudafarin and Qiz Qalasi dams on the Aras River, between Azerbaijan and Iran. The Azerbaijani part of the area was under Armenian control when Iran actually carried out initial construction, without the former’s permission, only managing to reach a formal agreement with Azerbaijan years later. President Aliyev said, on April 13, that they have “agreed on the methodologies to repay Azerbaijan’s share in the investments” made for the construction of the project (President.az, April 13). The first problem is that construction work had been ongoing for years without any involvement from Baku, and therefore, a final calculation of the project costs and expenditures is a complicated task, at least technically. Second, a failure to settle the financing issue hinders any practical sharing of the benefits, such as the generated electricity and water. Third, Baku has also forwarded claims to Tehran over “damages incurred” during the construction, according to a statement by Azerbaijani Energy Minister Parviz Shahbazov (Azerforum.com, May 31).

As regards the Israeli topic, it is a serious problem for Tehran. Azerbaijan definitely intends to maintain its partnership with Israel, since Baku regards it as a strategic direction of its foreign policy. That is especially true now that Baku feels more emboldened following the full restoration of its control over the Azerbaijani border with Iran and the de-occupation of most of its territories from Armenian forces. Moreover, wide popular support exists among Azerbaijanis for safeguarding the partnership with Israel in the wake of the Second Karabakh War (see EDM October 13, 2020 and November 10, 2020).

Indeed, an Israeli media outlet, Israel Hayom, reported in August 2021 that Azerbaijan and Israel are in talks over a $2 billion weapons sale to Baku (Israel Hayom, August 12; Asbarez.com, August 13). This news is a source of worry for Tehran, especially when combined with Azerbaijan’s recent inauguration of its trade representative office with diplomatic status in Tel Aviv, Israel. The move is seen as foreshadowing Azerbaijan’s potential opening of a full embassy in the latter country (Jta.org, August 2). If so, Azerbaijan would be the second Shia-majority state, after Bahrain, that has opened an embassy in Israel. And considering that Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Iran and Iraq are the only four Shia-majority nations in the world, the symbolic and psychological effects of such a move on Tehran would presumably be considerable. While air flights remain closed between Iran and Azerbaijan due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Azerbaijan and Israel have resumed Baku–Tel Aviv flights. In addition to Azerbaijan’s flag carrier Azal, two Israeli airlines have now obtained permission to operate two flights between Baku and Tel-Aviv a week each; together this would mean almost daily flights between the two countries (Azertag, August 10). Even more dramatically, Israeli involvement in the reconstruction of the de-occupied Azerbaijani territories along the Iranian border is additionally taking shape (Azertag.az, April 27; News.az, June 7).

 

New Ambassador of Belgium presents credentials to Armenian President

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 13:12, 13 September, 2021

YEREVAN, SEPTEMBER 13, ARMENPRESS. New Ambassador of Belgium to Armenia Marc Michielsen (residence in Moscow, Russia) presented his credentials to President Armen Sarkissian, the Presidential Office reports.

Congratulating the Ambassador on assuming office, the Armenian President expressed confidence that he will invest all efforts to further enrich and promote the agenda of the Armenian-Belgian relations.

The Ambassador of Belgium noted that next year marks the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Armenia and Belgium and stated that such anniversaries are a good occasion to assess the past path and works, outline the future actions.

According to the Armenian President, the diplomatic relations established between Armenia and Belgium 30 years ago have a great development potential and good opportunities to expand.

The sides also discussed the bilateral agenda and the prospects of improving the economic cooperation and boosting the commercial ties. They specifically highlighted the great cooperation potential in science, education and biotechnologies.

The President also highlighted the development of tourism between the two countries, mentioning the existence of direct air communication between Yerevan and Brussels as a key contributing factor.

 

Editing and Translating by Aneta Harutyunyan

Armenian, French FMs point to the need of resuming the NK peace process under the auspices of OSCE Minsk Group

Panorama, Armenia
Sept 17 2021

Armenian Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan held on Friday a phone conversation with Foreign Minister France Jean-Yves Le Drian. The interlocutors commended the consistent development of Armenian-French privileged relations and reiterated their interest in expanding the multidimensional cooperation. The sides agreed to discuss in detail in the near future the prospects of promoting the cooperation in the economic sphere, including through the implementation of new development programs in Armenia.

The Foreign Ministers touched upon the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, emphasizing the need of resuming the peace process within the framework of the OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chairmanship. Ararat Mirzoyan noted that Armenia and Armenian people highly appreciate the position of the French government and parliament and the steps undertaken during and following the aggression unleashed by the Azerbaijani side against Artsakh.

The sides also exchanged views on the humanitarian issues following the 44-day war, in this context specifically emphasizing the immediate repatriation of Armenian prisoners of war and captured civilians held in Azerbaijan.

The sides touched upon the situation resulting from infiltration of the Azerbaijani armed forces into the sovereign territory of Armenia. The need to make efforts aimed at de-escalating and stabilizing the situation was stressed. Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan also expressed gratitude to the French side for its continued support in the fight against COVID-19.

Muradov: Decision will be made in future on extending Russia peacekeepers’ presence in Nagorno-Karabakh

News.am, Armenia
Sept 10 2021

In the future, a decision will be made on extending the presence of the Russian peacekeeping contingent in Nagorno-Karabakh [(Artsakh)], said Rustam Muradov, the now former commander of this contingent, TASS reported.

"I assess only positively the activities of the Russian peacekeeping contingent. The civilian population gives an assessment on us. Today, life in Nagorno-Karabakh is in full swing. There are, of course, very difficult issues, but the process goes on: the return of people, the solution of problematic issues. I believe everything will be normal," Muradov said.

He noted that the Russian peacekeepers will be in Artsakh for five years. "The first five years—with the agreement signed by the leaders of the three countries [i.e., Armenia, Russia, and Azerbaijan]. In the future, a decision will be made to extend the presence of the Russian peacekeeping contingent," Muradov added.

Rustam Muradov on Monday concluded his mission as commander of the Russian peacekeeping contingent in Artsakh; Mikhail Kosobokov is now the new commander of this contingent.


Armenian PM congratulates President of Brazil on Independence Day

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 11:44, 7 September, 2021

YEREVAN, SEPTEMBER 7, ARMENPRESS. Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan sent a congratulatory message to President of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro on the occasion of the Independence Day, the PM’s Office told Armenpress.

The message runs as follows:

“Your Excellency,

I convey to you my warmest congratulations and best wishes on the National Holiday of the Federative Republic of Brazil – the Independence Day.

The friendship and mutual trust established between our countries are serious preconditions for the further development and strengthening of relations. I am convinced that with joint efforts we will add new content to our bilateral agenda and will link Armenia and Brazil with many new strong ties.

Please accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest respect”.



Aliyev Administration says “some debates” ongoing over legal mechanisms for Russian peacekeepers in Karabakh

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 12:46, 6 September, 2021

YEREVAN, SEPTEMBER 6, ARMENPRESS. Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev’s assistant Hikmet Hajiyev says there are ongoing discussions over additional legal mechanisms regarding the Russian peacekeeping mandate in Nagorno Karabakh.

Around 2000 Russian peacekeepers are deployed in Nagorno Karabakh in accordance with the Russia-brokered 2020 Nagorno Karabakh ceasefire agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Hajiyev, who is also the Aliyev Administration’s Head of Foreign Policy, told BBC that the ceasefire agreement defined “a political and in some sense also a legal framework” for the peacekeeping forces. “As far as the additional agreements and additional legal mechanisms regarding the peacekeepers’ mandate, the sides have had initial contacts over this issue and some debates are still ongoing,” Hajiyev said.

Editing and Translating by Stepan Kocharyan

​Teaching in Armenia and Artsakh during the pandemic and the war

MediaMax, Armenia
Sept 5 2021

Teaching in Armenia and Artsakh during the pandemic and the war

For the seventh year in a row, Teach For Armenia Educational Foundation has been recruiting, training, and placing people of various professions in rural communities. As Teacher-Leaders, they want to make quality education available to all children, regardless of where they live.

Although all the participants of the two-year Leadership Development Program find it hard to adjust to the new environment, life, and work, the last year and a half was a period of great challenges..

“In March 2020, almost the whole world went into lockdown. Our team was constantly researching in order to figure out what was happening around the world. We realized that the pandemic would last a long time, and quickly switched to online classes. It required huge human resources, but I am very proud that we have succeeded in a few months.”

We had just begun to come to terms with the pandemic, when the war broke out. The newly elected participants, who were on a business trip to Artsakh, spent 26 days in their communities, and Azerbaijan attacked. Our young participants refused to leave, but were forced to do so, together, with their children. Many of them returned to Armenia and continued to work with their students and others. Sixty of Teach For Armenia’s Teacher-Leaders and Alumni-Ambassadors joined our Emergency Education Program and worked in almost all of the regions. I bow to these people because they have unfathomable strength and love for their country, children, and communities,” says Larisa Hovannisian, Founder and CEO of Teach For Armenia.

The evening dedicated to 108 graduates of the two-year Leadership Development Program was called “Navasard”, in honor of the first month of the Armenian calendar, known for harvest festivities. It is believed that the seeds planted by Teacher-Leaders will bear fruit in the years to come.

“You have really accomplished an exceptional mission and I am sure you know what an important role it plays in the lives of the children you have taught and in the lives of the communities you have worked. It also plays an important role in your development as a Teacher-Leader: by teaching, you learn about yourself. You have become the torchbearers and pioneers not only of education in Armenia, but also of state buildings, public life development, and the country’s progress in general,” says Arthur Martirosyan, Deputy Minister of Education and Science, who worked as Development Director at Teach For Armenia.

 

Lida Mnatsakanyan – Russian language teacher in the village of Kirants, Tavush region

 

After six years of having worked in various spheres, two years ago I finally decided to return to my profession and teach. My initial ideas and the end result were very different, but one thing was common: the romanticism of the idea that I could leave my job in Yerevan, my family and go somewhere far away.

I vividly remember the first day of school. One of my neighbors, whose relative’s son I was teaching, came by my house and said: ‘The children loved your class’. That feedback was extremely important so that I could overcome everyday problems that existed at that moment.
 
Those were very interesting years. The children were always excited, always had questions for me, both personal and professional, and they always asked for advice. Although there were many setbacks due to the war and the pandemic, every day I felt that my students were not only growing academically, but their dreams and horizons were also expanding. They started to have high hopes for education. Their interest in foreign languages especially grew. They kept saying, “Ms. Lida, I decided to learn Hindi. Ms. Lida, I want to learn Chinese”.

The children have given me endless warmth, love, and self-confidence because they always want to praise you and provide words of encouragement. I am glad that I had this opportunity and that I was not afraid of distance and difficulties. Of course, sometimes it took superhuman efforts because I went home every weekend to take care of my daily needs. I drove 360 kilometers every week and simultaneously managed to teach, think about extracurricular activities, and new programs. I am happy I had that strength.

 

Vahan Zaroyan – Geography teacher in the village of Karegah of Artsakh’s Kashatagh region

 
I wanted to teach in Artsakh. Prior to that, I met the principal of a school in one of the villages of Artsakh who told me that they hadn’t had a geography teacher in their school for 16 years. As a geography specialist, it was stressful for me to comprehend how it was possible not to study geography at school for almost two generations. It motivated me to go to Artsakh, to a similar community – Karegah village of Kashatagh region, where they hadn’t had a geography teacher for a long time.

Karegah became my love and my memories, because, unfortunately, it is already out of our control, but it will remain my love forever. My goal was not realized, but being in Artsakh, living for Artsakh gave me a lot. I really lived for Artsakh.

When the war broke out, Teach For Armenia gave us an opportunity to return home for security reasons. At that moment, I did not fully grasp the seriousness of the situation. Severe battles were fought, the village was almost empty, but I was tormented by the thought that if I left the village today, how would I look into the eyes of my students tomorrow? Unfortunately, that moment never came, and I did not look into the eyes of my students, because I haven’t seen many of them since. They now live in various regions and communities of Armenia.

 

Tamara Martirosyan – Biology teacher in Shamiram village, Aragatsotn region

Two years ago, I applied to Teach For Armenia because I did not want to work in the city. There are many teachers in the city, and I was thinking of going to a community where I was really needed. I applied, but I never imagined that the program would have such a huge impact on me. My value system has changed and I have had professional growth and many achievements.

 
I wanted to bring equality into education, to serve as an example for girls and boys my age who avoid the village by all means. However, since I was placed in a Yezidi community, a number of other personal goals emerged. I would run into obstacles that I had to resolve first and then focus on the new goals I had set for myself. In the village, women were not even allowed to go to the store, but since I lived alone, I went shopping. I would go out to the yard to play with the children, which was unacceptable for the community. By example, I showed 15-year-old children that playing in the yard was not a shame.

Then I realized that by overcoming those small problems, I give more to my children than if I have achieved the goals I had set for myself. Most importantly, the children began to discover their talent, and their self-esteem increased. When parents see their children’s achievements, they realize that they can change something and achieve something on their own. At the end of the first year, when I felt my influence at school and in the community, it was the biggest victory.

 

Unfortunately, girls have no right to continue their education or make decisions on the most basic issues. But knowledge gives you wings, allows your mind to soar, and if your mind soars there will definitely come a time when you take a step forward.

 

Narine Poghosyan – Russian language teacher in Aygehovit village of Artsakh’s Kashatagh region

 

At the age of 29, I realized that I loved to teach, and I really wanted to teach in the rural community, because there are many alternatives in Yerevan or nearby cities, whereas some subjects are not taught in the village for years. I had the idea for a long time, and Teach For Armenia provided an opportunity to implement it.

 

It was one of the most important experiences of my life. I have never lived in a village and it was important for me to be a part of the village, to be a villager, to fully understand how people live. During that time, I started to appreciate water because we did not have water in the community. I had to walk 20 minutes to bring water home. I even started to gather the water left in the glass that I could have previously poured away in a bottle. Now it has become a habit.

I was also a strange person for the village with red hair back then and a tattoo, an incomprehensible person, who was initially accepted with suspicion. But then we fell in love with each other. We had a small house on the hill, made of clay and rocks. On weekends, we would go up the hill to read, write, and talk. When I was asked whether living in the village was boring after the active life in Yerevan, my answer was, “Absolutely not! How can one be bored with children?”. This work knows no other way, you must be able to love children. You may have all the knowledge in the world, but if you don’t like your students, you can’t work at school. It will be torture.

Those two years were a very important period for me. Today, when they spoke about the war, I closed my ears for a moment to shut it out. It's terrifying to know that you can’t return to the village. I have only lived in Aygehovit for 2 years, but these children spent their whole childhood there. We had so many programs and we were going to open a big studio.

 

This September, 168 teachers will travel to the communities of Armenia and Artsakh to carry out their mission in 146 schools. This year, for the first time, Teach For Armenia’s participants will also travel to Syunik.

 

Lusine Gharibyan

Photos: Emin Aristakesyan

In Memory of George A. Bournoutian, PhD

George A. Bournoutian, PhD (1943-2021)

Since word spread of Prof. George Bournoutian’s passing on August 22, there have been many tributes in his memory, and the Armenian Weekly joins in mourning the loss of this prolific and esteemed scholar.

Bournoutian was born and raised in Isfahan, Iran and immigrated to the United States in 1964. Multilingual, he was fluent in Armenian, Persian, Russian and Polish, and had a reading command of French. He attended UCLA and received his MA in 1971 and PhD in history in 1976 with his dissertation on Eastern Armenia on the eve of the Russian conquest.

Bournoutian taught Iranian history at UCLA and Armenian history at Columbia University, Tufts University, New York University, Rutgers University, the University of Connecticut, Ramapo College and Glendale Community College. Recently, he retired after many years of teaching Russian and Soviet history at Iona College.

In a career spanning more than 40 years, Bournoutian was the author and translator of more than 30 books, with a particular focus on Armenian, Iranian, and Caucasian history. Among his many publications are The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar RuleThe History of Vardapet Arakel of TabrizTwo Chronicles on the History of KarabaghThe Travel Accounts of Simeon of PolandJambrThe 1823 Russian Survey of the Karabagh Province: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of Karabagh in the Early 19th CenturyA Brief History of the Aghuank RegionThe 1829-1832 Russian Surveys of the Khanate of NakhichevanArmenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900-1914 and A Concise History of the Armenian People, which had its seventh printing in 2018. Many of his publications have been translated into Armenian, Farsi, Turkish, Polish, Japanese, Spanish, and Arabic.

A member of the Middle Eastern Studies Association, Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, Iranian Studies Association, Society for Armenian Studies, and Association Internationale des Etudes Armeniennes, Bournoutian also was one of 40 editors of the Encyclopaedia Iranica.

The Society for Armenian Studies (SAS) honored Prof. Bournoutian in May 2021 with its “Lifetime Achievement Award” for his outstanding service and contributions to the field of Armenian Studies. During the special online event, Richard Hovannisian Endowed Chair in Modern Armenian History Prof. Sebouh Aslanian, Dr. Asya Darbinyan and Prof. Stephen Badalyan Riegg offered remarks and accolades about Bournoutian’s work.

Spotlighting his many accomplishments, Aslanian discussed Bournoutian’s work in the field of early modern Armenian history, while Darbinyan highlighted how he contributed to the understanding of Transcaucasia from political and socio-economic perspectives. Badalyan Riegg continued with Bournoutian’s contributions to the history of Russian imperialism in the first decades of the 19th century.

“More than any other scholar in our field, Bournoutian has not only identified the key Armenian-language primary sources of this period but more importantly made them accessible to a larger body of scholars through his reliable and readable English-language translations,” said Aslanian in his comments during the event. “The upshot of a lifetime of dedicated translation work is a set of foundational texts that has informed and inspired numerous scholars in fields auxiliary to Armenian studies who have long known of these sources but were unable to profit from them due to the obstacles of language.”

“Prof. Bournoutian’s tremendous body of research allows us to look at the past of the South Caucasus in its intricate details,” stated Darbinyan during her remarks. “The research opens a door to understanding Transcaucasia in its past relationships with the local imperial powers, as well as in the larger context of ‘The Great Game’ and draws some conclusions about the present geopolitical interests of the Western and regional powers.”

Badalyan Riegg focused specifically on Bournoutian’s latest work From the Kur to Aras: A Military History of Russia’s Move into the South Caucasus and the First Russo-Iranian War (2020. The book is a military history of the Russo-Iranian War between 1801-1813. “To my knowledge, no other scholar, writing in English or Russian, has examined this conflict in such detail,” commented Badalyan Riegg. “Bournoutian meticulously documents every armed unit, movement, skirmish, and tense debate between the two combatants and among the various allies.”

Bournoutian expressed sincere gratitude to SAS for the honor of its Lifetime Achievement Award. “Being acknowledged by your peers is the best satisfaction one can hope for,” he said. “I am also happy to know that our new generation of scholars are better equipped and have already produced significant works.” In a now-poignant conclusion to his remarks, Bournoutian said, “I can sleep well knowing that the torch is in capable hands.”

The National Association of Armenian Studies and Research (NAASR) offered the following thoughts:

NAASR joins with scholars and friends all over the world in mourning the passing of an esteemed colleague, Prof. George Bournoutian… out of respect for his enormous contributions we offer this brief appreciation and extend our deepest sympathies to his family.

In addition to his writings, George was a prolific lecturer, giving innumerable talks including many for NAASR over the years in Belmont and all over the U.S. and Canada. He was also a world traveler and led NAASR’s first Armenian Heritage Tour in decades in 2006 to the Republic of Armenia and Historic Armenia.

In 2008, he enriched NAASR’s library immeasurably when he transferred his huge scholarly library, the Ani and George Bournoutian Collection, which has become a cornerstone of the Mardigian Library. NAASR, in turn, was proud to support his work through grants for several of his publications.

Former NAASR Chairman Nancy Kolligian recalled that George “was an outstanding scholar who electrified the room when he entered it. I will remember going to Armenia and Historic Armenia with him on our 2006 NAASR trip—we had such a great time.” Current Chairman Yervant Chekijian remembered Bournoutian as “totally committed to the honest exploration of Armenia’s history.”

NAASR Academic Director Marc Mamigonian remarked that “George was warm, opinionated, unfiltered, brilliant, hilarious, and utterly indefatigable. He was always in the middle of a book project and excited about the next one. While it is difficult to accept that there will be no next book, no one can say that George Bournoutian didn’t get the most out of life, and he leaves an incredible legacy.”

Anyone who ever met George Bournoutian or heard one of his lectures could feel his energy and boundless vitality. Those qualities will endure in his huge scholarly output, which will continue to enrich us, and in our memories of him as a friend and a scholar. He will indeed be missed.

President of SAS Bedross Der Matossian stated the following at the special event honoring Bournoutian in May: “Bournoutian’s scholarship has always been relevant. However, today it is much more needed as Armenia and Artsakh are facing monumental challenges due to the 2020 War,” he said. “One of these challenges deals with falsification of Artsakh’s history by Azeri scholars. Bournoutian has been on the forefront of combating this revisionist history which has now entered western academia.” Upon Bournoutian’s passing, Der Matossian expressed sadness and sincere condolences to his “family and beloved ones.”

“As a historian who works in the fields that George tilled for many decades, I can say that his passing marks a sad milestone for the rest of us. I am grateful that his work has brought back to life and made widely accessible sources that have been for too long been sidelined even or especially by Armenian scholars in the diaspora. George will be missed by his friends and colleagues, and I offer my sincere condolences to his family and loved ones. May his memory be blessed, and may it inspire us to work more creatively and tirelessly,” said Prof. Aslanian, who also serves as Director of the Armenian Studies Center within the UCLA Promise Armenian Institute.

Prelate Archbishop Anoushavan Tanielian and the executive and religious councils of the Eastern Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church expressed sorrow and extended their condolences to Prof. Bournoutian’s family members and loved ones. May God illuminate his soul. Asdvatz hokeen lousavoreh.