BBC: Turkey ‘must admit WWI genocide’

BBC News

Monday, 13 December, 2004, 17:45 GMT

Turkey ‘must admit WWI genocide’

France has said it will ask Turkey to acknowledge the mass killing of
Armenians from 1915 as genocide when it begins EU accession talks.

French Foreign Minister Michel Barnier said Turkey had “a duty to remember”.

Armenians say 1.5 million of their people died or were deported from
their homelands under Turkish Ottoman rule.

France is among a group of nations that class the killings as genocide.
Turkey denies any organised genocide, claiming they were quelling a
civil uprising.

Mr Barnier said France did not consider Turkish acknowledgement a
condition of EU entry, but insisted his country would raise the issue
once talks opened.

Where Turkey’s bid stands

Speaking to reporters after a meeting of EU foreign ministers to discuss
plans to invite Turkey for accession talks, Mr Barnier said Turkey “must
carry out this task as a memorial”.

In addition, France believes that accession talks should not begin
before the second half of 2005, Mr Barnier said. Turkey has pushed for
immediate negotiations.

“I believe that when the time comes, Turkey should come to terms with
its past, be reconciled with its own history and recognise this
tragedy,” Mr Barnier said.

‘So-called genocide’

His comments drew no immediate official response from Turkey, which has
consistently denied orchestrating genocide and the Armenian figures.

A foreign ministry spokesman in the Turkish capital, Ankara, told
Reuters that Turkey has never and will never recognise “any so-called
genocide”.

Armenia alleges that the Young Turks, in 1915 the dominant party in the
Ottoman Empire, systematically arranged the deportation and killing of
1.5 million Armenians.

Turkish relations with independent Armenia, which borders Turkey to the
north, have long been coloured by the issue.

Around 300,000 Armenians live in France, more than in any other European
country, and community leaders have pledged to pressure French President
Jacques Chirac on the genocide issue during Turkish accession negotiations.

France passed a law officially recognising the Armenian genocide in
2001, cooling relations with Turkey and scuppering a major arms deal.

Another 14 nations, including Switzerland, Russia and Argentina, also
classify the killings as genocide.

Gauche ne doit pas laisser Droite monopole “discrimination positive”

Libération , France
10 décembre 2004

Equité à bbord;
La gauche ne doit pas laisser à la droite le monopole de la
“discrimination positive”.

par Michel Wieviorka sociologue.[#]Dernier ouvrage paru: la Violence
(Balland).

Les Etats-Unis ont inventé l’affirmative action dans les années 60
pour pallier les inégalités structurelles dont ptissaient les Noirs.
Puis la notion a fait son chemin, et nourri bien des débats. Avant
même d’examiner ses enjeux les plus actuels, il faut marquer la
formidable ambivalence imputée à cette notion, vite associée, dans
l’opinion, à des options multiculturalistes qui pourtant ne sont pas
nécessairement les siennes. Car l’affirmative action, qui est
toujours une politique sociale, n’est qu’éventuellement aussi une
politique culturelle. Lorsque, par exemple, des Noirs américains se
posent en “African Americans”, désireux de promouvoir une histoire,
une littérature, des modes propres d’expression artistique, et qu’ils
demandent une reconnaissance de leur identité culturelle au sein des
universités, ils plaident pour un multiculturalisme qui ne présente
en lui-même aucune spécificité sociale.

La confusion, il est vrai, est encouragée du fait que, dans certains
cas, une seule et même politique prend en charge le culturel et le
social. Ainsi, les multiculturalismes canadien ou australien des
années 80 attribuaient des droits culturels à des minorités, et
offraient à leurs membres des facilités particulières d’accès à
l’emploi, à la santé, au logement, etc. Aux Etats-Unis, dans
l’ensemble, les deux dimensions, culturelle et sociale, relèvent de
politiques distinctes.

La France a commencé par disqualifier aussi bien le multiculturalisme
– “à l’américaine”, disait-on parfois pour bien marquer ce refus –
que l’affirmative action, baptisée “discrimination positive”, une
expression particulièrement négative. Dans les années 80 et 90, ce
double rejet était prédominant dans le débat intellectuel et
politique, même si notre pays pratiquait l’un et l’autre, mais sur
des enjeux rares et bien délimités. Il est arrivé que satisfaction
soit donnée à des communautés (par exemple arménienne, lorsque la
France a reconnu officiellement le génocide de 1915 ) ; ou que l’on
s’interroge sur la possibilité de reconnaître jusque dans la
Constitution l’existence d’un peuple corse. Mais surtout, quelques
mesures sociales existent, qui relèvent de la “discrimination
positive”, y compris lorsqu’elles sont nées de demandes portées au
départ par des groupes culturellement définis – le pacs résulte de
pressions exercées avant tout par le mouvement des homosexuels, qui
d’ailleurs n’a été unanime ni pour le réclamer, ni pour s’en
satisfaire. Les écoles placées en ZEP (zone d’éducation prioritaire)
reçoivent des moyens supplémentaires pour donner aux élèves de
milieux défavorisés des chances égales d’accéder au savoir ; cette
politique fonctionne sans discontinuité depuis une vingtaine
d’années, tenant la tête hors de l’eau aux équipes enseignantes qui
en bénéficient. Et les politiques de la ville peuvent comporter, avec
par exemple les zones franches, des éléments allant dans le même
sens. Le plus typique de la “discrimination positive” à la française,
quand elle existe, est qu’elle est territorialisée, mise en oeuvre
sur la base de découpages dans l’espace.

Quels arguments s’opposent à son extension ? On lui reproche d’abord
de masquer une politique qui serait en réalité ethnique, donc de
constituer un multiculturalisme non dit – par exemple à propos des
ZEP, accusées alors de ne bénéficier qu’aux jeunes issus de
l’immigration et au-delà, dit-on alors parfois, à l’islam ou aux
“Arabes”. On y voit, de plus, la mise en cause de valeurs
fondamentales. Ce qui aboutit à une étrange convergence des opposants
: les uns, attachés à des versions pures et dures des principes
républicains, rappellent que, dans l’espace public, il ne saurait y
avoir que des individus libres et égaux en droit, ce qui interdit en
théorie toute mesure en faveur de groupes particuliers ; les autres
mettent en avant des idées libérales, selon lesquelles chacun doit
faire ses preuves sans attendre de l’Etat qu’il compense les
inégalités.

Pourtant, les Français acceptent de mieux en mieux le principe de la
“discrimination positive”. Un récent sondage BVA indique qu’ils
seraient plus de 40 % à y être favorables, certainement beaucoup plus
qu’il y a une dizaine d’années. Et il semble que ce soit à droite
plus qu’à gauche qu’on soit disposé à mettre en oeuvre ou à accepter
ce type de politique sociale – une fois clairement dissociée de ses
éventuelles dimensions ethniques, religieuses ou culturelles. Alain
Juppé, Premier ministre, s’était fait en 1995 le champion de ce type
de mesures dans sa politique de la ville ; Nicolas Sarkozy, ministre
de l’Intérieur, a voulu qu’un préfet musulman – puis, critique
présidentielle aidant, il s’est repris, “issu de l’immigration” –
soit nommé. Le président de l’UMP est favorable à ce type de
politique – ce qui, dans son cas, n’exclut d’ailleurs pas certaines
formes de reconnaissance de communautés culturelles, notamment
musulmanes. Alors qu’aux Etats-Unis, l’affirmative action est une
politique de gauche, même si tous à gauche n’y sont pas favorables,
et si à droite certains y sont, la “discrimination positive”, en
France, est plutôt de droite. Mais pouvons-nous nous en tenir là ?

A gauche comme à droite, on se dirige vers l’acceptation croissante
de telles mesures, et le problème devient surtout de définir ce qui
pourrait distinguer les deux camps. La réponse n’est pas difficile à
formuler. Si la “discrimination positive” doit aboutir à promouvoir
quelques membres d’une minorité ou d’un groupe donné, au détriment de
la capacité de l’ensemble concerné à accéder à l’ascension sociale,
ou si elle encourage un certain communautarisme, par exemple en
déléguant à des leaders ou notables le soin d’organiser la promotion
de certains membres de leur communauté, et en renforçant finalement
les logiques de fragmentation culturelle et sociale, alors ce type de
politique n’est pas digne de la gauche, et pourrait même s’apparenter
à un néocolonialisme à la française. Si, au contraire, elle débouche
sur des chances accrues d’ascension sociale et de réduction des
inégalités pour l’ensemble du groupe concerné, si elle veille en même
temps à décourager les dérives communautaires, alors ce peut être une
politique de gauche. Une politique très supérieure à l’absence de
mesures qui caractérise le “républicanisme”, discours dont
l’universalisme abstrait est sur la défensive, impuissant dans la
pratique à faire reculer l’injustice sociale.

Il est temps, à gauche, de ne pas laisser à la droite le monopole de
la “discrimination positive”, quitte à la dénommer autrement –
“équité” par exemple. Il est temps, à gauche, de se débarrasser des
facilités rhétoriques qu’offre l’ode incantatoire à la République,
qui est non pas menacée, mais au contraire renforcée si l’équité est
un moyen mis au service de l’égalité, qui doit demeurer une fin, et
si des politiques volontaristes s’en prennent aux inégalités les plus
lourdes.

Village A Weak Link In Budget 2005

VILLAGE A WEAK LINK IN BUDGET 2005

Azat Artsakh – Nagorno Karabakh Republic (NKR)
09 Dec 04

On December 6 the leaders of parliamentary committees and factions
discussed documents connected with the State Budget 2005. According to
the minister of finance and economy Spartak Tevossian, the budget of
the coming year will total 22 billion drams. Revenues will total 7
billion drams of which 4.5 billion will come from loans. Karabakh will
receive more than 13 billion drams from Armenia as an interstate
loan. According to Spartak Tevossian, in the upcoming year the
salaries of budget-paid workers will be increased by 10-15 per
cent. The average salary of teachers will total 50 500 drams. Basic
pension will rise from 3000 to 4000 drams, and the increment for each
year of service will increase from 140 to 160 drams. The pensions will
rise by an average of 20-25 per cent. The size of the state benefits
to separate groups of the population will grow as well. According to
Spartak Tevossian, in this year’s project many things are practiced
for the first time. In particular, for the first time half a billion
drams will be provided for irrigation programs. According to the
members of two parliamentary factions, the Democratic Liberal Union
and theArmenian Revolutionary Federation, the budget bill of 2005 is
quite progressive in comparison with the previous years. This fact was
pointed out for several times. During the meetings the drawbacks were
also highlighted. The members of parliament mentioned several points
which need further working. The main observations referred to the
development of rural areas and re-settlement. It was mentioned that
although the means directed at the solution of problems of the
refugees and new settlers were doubled (totaling 870 million drams),
the government did not present a definite program. According to member
of parliament Vahram Atanessian, instead of building houses in
non-prospective villages (arousing the dissatisfaction of
international organizations) it is more appropriate to invest means in
the revival of dying villages. In reference to the same issue member
of parliament Edward Aghabekian emphasized that 600 million drams were
provided for agriculture (viticulture, cattle breeding, leasing of
machines), however, this money does not reach the farmer. Member of
parliament Suren Sarghissian joined him. The problem is that villagers
do not have anything to mortgage whereby loans go to city dwellers and
rich businessmen mainly. Themember of parliament suggested introducing
the institution of state guarantee. He also mentioned that there is
not a clear-cut program for re-settlers from the CIS countries,
particularly Turkmenia, and as a result most of them leave Karabakh.
According to member of parliament Maxim Mirzoyan, building houses in
re-settled villages is not enough, it is necessary to carry out social
and economic programs as well. `Settlement is not just a program but
the aim of our movement. Since 1921 the population of Karabakh has
not grown considerably and the reason is the absence of a national
program,’ said Maxim Mirzoyan. Member of parliament Alyosha Gabrielian
raised the question of state registration and taxation of thousands of
hectares of farmland (used by high state and military officials). As
it was mentioned, last year the ARF faction raised this question, a
state commission was set up which registered 7 thousand hectares of
farmland. But still there are a lot of `shade’ farmlands. In answer
to this question minister of finance Spartak Tevossian noticed that it
is the problem of notonly the government but also the parliament. The
chairman of the meeting, vice speaker of the parliament Mushegh
Ohanjanian presented the budget bill. After the discussion of the bill
by the committees and factions on December 22 the project will be
presented to the National Assembly for the first reading and the
revised budget bill will be adopted on December 27.

NAIRA HAYRUMIAN.
09-12-2004

Vice Speaker Of Armenian Parliament,Member Of ARFD Bureau Vahan Hovh

VICE SPEAKER OF ARMENIAN PARLIAMENT, MEMBER OF ARFD BUREAU VAHAN
HOVHANNISSYAN COMMENTS ON REPORT BY DAVID ATKINSON ON KARABAKH

YEREVAN, DECEMBER 7. ARMINFO. Head of the Armenian delegation to PACE,
Vice Speaker of the Armenian Parliament Tigran Torosyan was to inform
political forces of the preliminary version of British Rapporteur David
Atkinson’s report on Karabakh yet before the session of PACE Political
Committee. Vice Speaker of the Armenian Parliament, the member of
ARFD Bureau Vahan Hovhannissyan said at a press-conference, Tuesday.

In his words, if informed of the report, the Armenian MPs would
be able to elaborate a single position in this issue and to more
effectively come out at a session of the Committee. Hovhannissyan
stated that yet before the draft report of Atkinson was made public,
ARFD was warning that the report would not be within the interests
of the Armenian party, as Great Britain and Azerbaijan were linked
with petroleum ties. Unfortunately, we proved to be right, the report
by David Atkinson is even worse than that prepared by Terry Davis,
Hovhannissyan said.

Armenia Gets Observer Status at International Francophony Org

ARMENIA GETS OBSERVER STATUS AT INTERNATIONAL FRANCOPHONY ORGANIZATION

YEREVAN, DECEMBER 2. ARMINFO. Armenia has got observer status at
International Francophony Organization, says Armenia’s FM Vardan
Oskanyan who has just come back from the IFO’s last meeting in
Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).

Oskanyan says that Francophony is highly respected in the world with
its authority daily growing along with its membership. Over 50 states
are already its members, dozens are observers. In Ouagadougou observer
status was given to Armenia, Georgia, Austria and Croatia. “I think in
the next few years Armenia will become the IFO’s full member,” says
Oskanyan.

Besides poverty reduction, globalization problems, cultural legacy
preservation Armenia is interested in the opportunity to cooperate
with the countries it has no chance to contact with under other
organizations this first of all concerning African countries. This is
especially crucial now that Azerbaijan’s policy at international
organizations is becoming increasingly aggressive, says Oskanyan.

Agarak Situated on The Arax Bank

AGARAK SITUATED ON THE ARAX BANK

Arm/arm
3 Dec 04

Construction of Gas Pipeline Promises Temporal Jobs to Meghri
Residents

Meghri region’s residents are obviously encouraged by the construction
of Iran -Armenia gas pipeline that officially began on November
30. The pipeline will reach Qajaran from Agarak. The construction of
the pipeline stretching 42 kms will last 2 years. New job positions
will be created for Meghri residents, although temporal.

Armen Sargsian, mayor of Agarak, said that Meghri region has never
been provided with gas before and the population used liquid
gas. “First of all we are interested in the construction of the
pipeline. Besides the fact that Armenia will have an alternative gas
pipe line, in 2-3 years Agarak residents will have natural gas at
their homes,” he said.

Agarak is the farthest settlement from the capital. It is far from it
for over 400 km. Opposite Agarak are the Arax River and the Iranian
highlands. The first wooden cottage was built on the left bank of the
Arax in spring of 1949. That was the beginning of the town’s
construction. Agarak would nothave been built if there were no
molybdenum and cupper mines in the surrounding territory of the city.

“About 1000 people are working at Agarak’s cupper and molybdenum
plant. In fact, the town was founded on the basis of the plant. The
residents of the city came from all the regions of Armenia. In
general, if we compare the social conditions in Agarak with those in
Meghri or other towns of Armenia, the conditions in Agarak are much
better. Only the plant gives about 60-70 million AMD of salaries to
the citizens per a month. A part of the residents work at the customs’
office or other service spheres,” Mayor Sargsian says.

Zarmandukht with her family is engaged in hotel business. This family
has made their house a hotel. “We always have guests, they are mainly
lorry drivers. Especially, there are many guests during the hot
summer nights when the drivers look for a shelter to hide from the hot
weather. Certainly, there are also many guests in winter when the
roads are blocked and the drivers have to pass the nights in our hotel
and set off for Yerevan in the morning”, Zarmandukht says.

To reach Yerevan from Agarak one needs almost a day. Formerly, when
there was no war, Agarak dwellers and the residents of Meghri region
used to use Nakhijevan road and the railway. Today, it’s even useless
to talk of opening the road. Even if it is opened, the trains will not
run, as the rails are stillbeing stolen and sold.

Mayor Sargsian says that then the road good from the viewpoint of its
shortness and fastness. “Yes, we still remember that good and short
road, but the Azeri don’t awoke other good memories for Agarak
dwellers,” he says. It’s worth mentioning that there were many Azeris
living in Meghri in the Soviet times. The residents of Niuward
village didn’t want to leave their homes and move to Azerbaijan even
when the Karabakh war had already began. And only in 1991, when it was
already a year that all the Azeris left Armenia, the Azeri dwellers of
Niuward moved to Azerbaijan.

The social conditions in Agarak are much better than in other remote
settlements of Armenia, but the town still has many problems to
solve. The town has problems with drinking water supply, no Armenian
TV channel or radio station is properly broadcasted in here, there is
no mobile or internet connection either.

The dwellers of the town are engaged in their everyday work and they
donâ=80=99t pay that much attention to the talks about “handing Meghri
to Azeris.” Theysay that they are firmly standing on their land and
can’t live without seeing the Arax everyday. Indeed, the nature has
created a miraculous scenery here. The Arax passes by the bottoms of
the highest mountains that resemble camels inthe dim of the morning
light.

By Tatoul Hakobian, Agarak-Yerevan

Defending Author’s Rights in Armenia

DEFENDING AUTHOR’S RIGHTS IN ARMENIA

Azg/arm
30 Nov 04

All over the civilized world such terms as copyright and author’s
rights do not sound strange to peoples’ ears. Huge organizations and
companies as well as individuals label their products, create logos
and register them. In order to keep the field of author’s rights
defending under control the NGO of Armenian Author was created.

President of the NGO Sona Vardanian said that the author rights
defending in Armenia dates back to 1933 when Haydramkom, the Armenian
offshoot of the Committee of South Caucasus’ Playwrights and Composers
was created,and that very year the writers and composers were paid for
their author’s rights.The Republic of Armenia passed the law on
“Author’s Rights and Contiguous Rights” only in 2000. Today the
Armenian Author NGO counts 1120 authors among them composers, film
directors, translators, playwrights, sculptors and painters. Having
registered at the NGO they entrust the organization with the right to
use the works. Mrs. Vardanian said that the author has power over all
the rights (for instance, hire the work out, translate it or
broadcast) but one – performing the work in public. Armenian Author is
watching that the authors are accurately paid any time their works are
used by others. A law regulating the size of the royalties was adopted
in 1999. According to the minimal payment fees, the author of a 2-act
play should receive 11 percent and the director 4 percent of the
income. Royalties for a deceased author’s works are paid 50 more years
after his death, but the signature of the author remains under the
work forever.

Mrs. Vardanian thinks that people are reluctant to pay for the
authorâ=80=99s rights. “For instance, a restaurant has to pay only
10.000 AMD annually forcertain author’s songs but they don’t want to
pay even this much”, Sona Vardanian said. Among the wide range of
author’s rights violation Mrs. Vardanian mentioned that latter-day
companies organizing concerts and refusing to pay the authors. They
have to turn to justice seldom. Armenian Author, being memberof Bern
Convention that includes 158 states, supervises the rights of foreign
authors as well.

By Gohar Gevorgian

Two Armenian families return voluntarily back from Switzerland

ArmenPress
Nov 29 2004

TWO ARMENIAN FAMILIES RETURN VOLUNTARILY BACK FROM SWITZERLAND

YEREVAN, NOVEMBER 29, ARMENPRESS: Two Armenian families, living
illegally in Switzerland, came back to Armenia in November, supported
by an Armenian-Swiss readmission agreement signed earlier this year.
Hambardzum Abrahamian, an official of the department for refugees
and migrants, said the agreement provides for a reintegration program
for those who return back to Armenia. The returnees are promised
health assistance, jobs and special educational programs for their
school-aged children.
Though the agreement does not envisage providing the returnees
with housing, they are given full information and consulting about
how to buy a house or an apartment.

Ukraine Is The Country Who Hardly Gives Way To External Manipulation

UKRAINE IS THE COUNTRY WHO HARDLY GIVES WAY TO EXTERNAL MANIPULATIONS, LEVON MKRTCHIAN THINKS

YEREVAN, NOVEMBER 25. ARMINFO. The Ukraine is the very country who
hardly gives way to external manipulations. Head of the faction of the
party ARF Dashnaktsutiun Levon Mkrtchian expressed such an opinion
during the briefing at the National Assembly of Armenia, commenting
on the situation in the Ukraine after the presidential election.

At the same time, he expressed hope for that the crisis in this
republic will be overcome and it will not come to violation of the
constitutional order and split of the country into two camps. If the
situation in the Ukraine is aggravated, then it will have a negative
influence on the whole post-soviet region, Levon Mkrtchian stressed. In
his turn, deputy chairman of the opposition party National Unity
Aleksan Karapetian expressed opinion that the situation in the Ukraine
will be aggravated, and it will come to split of the country. Head of
the faction of the Republican party stated that “Russian influence”
will triumph in the Ukraine. Leader of United Labour party, Head
of the Armenian-Ukrainian group of friendship Gurgen Arsenian said
he supports the candidacy of Victor Yushchenko. Secretary of the
opposition bloc Justice Victor Dallakian also stated that Victor
Yushchenko has won the election. Victor Dallakian thinks that the
presidential election practically did not differ from presidential
election in Armenia of 2003.

Armenia To Do Its Best To Get Pilots Released In Equatorial Guinea

ARMENIA TO DO ITS BEST TO GET PILOTS RELEASED IN EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Arminfo
26 Nov 04

Yerevan, 26 November: The Armenian government will do everything in its power
to secure a fair decision by relevant bodies of Equatorial Guinea concerning
the Armenian citizens, the Armenian Foreign Ministry says in a statement.

(Passage omitted: reported details)

The Foreign Ministry says in its statement that the Armenian pilots’ lawyer
is going to appeal against the unfair sentence to the Supreme Court of
Equatorial Guinea and if necessary, to international judicial bodies. An Armenian
delegation, which is currently in Malabo and has repeatedly visited the capital of
Equatorial Guinea to take all the necessary measures, will remain in this
country to discuss with the country’s authorities the possibility of handing over
the pilots to Armenia.

“We are absolutely sure that the pilots have nothing to do with any actions
aimed at the authorities of Equatorial Guinea, and the court has not produced
any conclusive proof either,” the Foreign Ministry says in its statement.

We should recall that on 8 March of this year, the authorities in Equatorial
Guinea arrested a large group of people, which among other foreigners,
included six Armenian pilots. The Armenian pilots were charged with complicity in the
organization of a coup d’etat in that country and are now facing imprisonment
for up to 26 years. The Armenian pilots are flatly denying the accusations.