Fresno’s Keyan School to Host ‘Crab Feed’

The Keyan School “Crab Feed” will take place Feb. 3

FRESNO—The Charlie Keyan Armenian Community School announced that it will be hosting its 15th annual “Crab Feed: on February 3 at the Holy Trinity Church Social Hall.

The Annual Crab Feed is one of the major fund-raisers for the school. The evening includes an all-you-can-eat crab dinner, a spirited live and silent auction, full bar, appetizers and desserts, and music.

The funds generated from this event help support financial aid programs, offset general operating costs and also support many of the activities our students are involved in throughout the academic year.

CKACS is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges and the National Association for the Education of Young Children.

In Memoriam: Mariam Kirakosian Megrdichian

Mariam Kirakosian Megrdichian

Mariam Kirakosian Megrdichian
(May 29, 1929-January 7, 2018)

Mariam Mary Megrdichian was born on May 10, 1929, to Gregor and Bengsat Kirakosian in Vladikavkaz North Ossetia-Alania, Russia. A few years after her birth, the Kirakosian family moved to a collective farming village, kolkhoz, in Novorosisk, Russia on the Black Sea coast, where many Armenian families from the Terjan district of Erzeroum province of historic Armenia had re-settled af- ter the Armenian Genocide. As did many other families, the Kirakosians maintained and spoke the dis- tinct dialect of Terjan and still speak it to this day.

When Mariam was five years old, she traveled to Armenia with her aunt to visit her cousins. The short time while she was there, she attended kindergarten, but upon returning to Russia, she was a student at the local Armenian school in her village in Novorosisk. Mariam loved to read and some of her favorite books were historic novels written by Raffi and the poetry of Hovanes Toumanian. As an adult, she was an avid reader of the Asbarez daily newspaper that was founded in Fresno, CA, and enjoyed discussing history and politics, especially with her son-in-law, Bryan Bedrosian.

In 1943, during World War II, the Nazi forces captured the coastal town of Novorosisk and forced their family along with countless others to leave Russia at a moment’s notice. They relocated them by primitive trains to the forced labor camps in Heilbronn, Germany. Mariam’s mother gave birth to her youngest brother Levon in the train car on that treacherous journey to the unknown territory. Mariam was one of the youngest members of the labor force and was assigned to work in the Knorr food processing plant during the day, which is currently still in business. Upon returning to the Camp in the evenings, she helped her mother take care of her younger siblings.

After the war ended and Nazi Germany surrendered to the allied forces, Mariam became one of the 5000 plus Armenians who lived in the Displaced Persons Camp in Fungerkazerne, Stuttgart, Germany. Regretfully, many of Mariam’s siblings lost their lives during that period before their libe- ration. She was one of the four who survived along with her parents, brother Galust, sister Rose, and youngest brother Levon. The “D.P.” camp was a safe haven for nearly five years for all surviving Armenians and developed into a “Little Armenia”. It had its own governing system, church, social and athletic clubs, and school. Life as they say, had turned to the new normal.

Mariam Kirakosian Megrdichian in her youth

In the late 1940’s post war years, the “D.P.” Camp was miraculously discovered by George Mardikian on one of his trips abroad as the food consultant to the Quartermaster General of the United States Army. While in Germany visiting the troops that were stationed there, he learned that there was a post war camp, housing some 5000 displaced Armenians. With the help of Brigadier General Haig Shekerjian and the Armenian National Committee to Aid Homeless Armenians, better known as ANCHA, the majority of the families from the camp were able to immigrate to America and other parts of the world.

The Kirakosian family left Germany in 1949, and sailed to America reaching Ellis Island in late September. After locating relatives on the east coast, they eventually traveled to Michigan and settled in the Highland Park district of Detroit. At that time, there were many successful Armenian businessmen that lived in greater Detroit, whose families had fled to America after the Armenian Genocide of 1915. Alec Manougian was one of those immigrants that through hard work and perse- verance, had built the MASCO factory which was the developer of the modern day Delta Faucets and plumbing products. Mariam secured a job at MASCO on the assembly line to help support her family as they began their new life in the United States of America.

Life in America was a chance for a new beginning for Mariam and her family. She attended the St. Sarkis Armenian Apostolic Church, sang in the choir, and joined the Armenian Relief Society. One eve- ning while attending a family party with her relatives, Mariam ran into her childhood friend from the “DP” Camp in Germany, Hovhannes Megrdichian, who had moved to Detroit to work at Fisher Body. Or maybe it was Hovhannes who spotted the beautiful Mariam with the “Ava Gardner” looks that caught his eye! Coincidently, Hovhannes’s father and Mariam’s father became acquainted with each other from back in Terjan, Erzeroum, Armenia, while serving together in General Dro’s battalion of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Tashnagtsutiun, during the Armenian Genocide. And as life progressed, their friendship blossomed into a lasting relationship and the glamorous couple was mar- ried in 1953.

Mariam and Hovhannes were blessed with the birth of their one and only child, Rosie Vartouhi, who was the first grandchild to be born into the Kirakosian and Megrdichian families. Mariam and her young family moved to Fresno, CA in the mid-1950s, to be near her in-laws. She became an active member of the Holy Trinity Armenian Apostolic Church and member of the Trinity Guild. She had joined the Armenian Relief Society, Detroit Sybil Chapter in 1949, and later became an active member of the Fresno Sophia Chapter, serving on many committees and held the office of recording secretary many times. She was a member of the Armenian Relief Society for over 68 years. Mariam and Hovhannes also belonged to the Armenian Caucasus Club in Fresno. They helped in planning and or- ganizing with their close friends the Khanzadians, Abrahamians, Zakarians, Kevorkians, Avakians, Tamamians, and countless others, the most wonderful summer picnics and annual New Years Eve parties that would be a sell out each and every new year.

When her daughter Rosie started attending school, Mariam re-entered the work force. She worked in various fresh fruit and raisin packing houses, Laura Scudder’s Potato Chip processing plant, and the Victor Knitting Mills. In her spare time, she crocheted beautiful blankets, doilies, and sweaters. She was a gourmet cook and baked the most delicious Erzeroumtzi Gatah with Khoriz that would melt in your mouth. She was a very generous person and would share her baked goods and recipes with all of her friends and relatives.

In 1984, her daughter Rosie married Bryan Bedrosian, and in 1987, they were blessed with the birth of her grandson, Armen Hovhannes Bedrosian, who was the greatest joy in her life. Armen would find any excuse possible to stay with his “Mamoog” during his childhood years and she loved to take care of him more than life itself. She called him “Mamoogine Tsakooguh” and he would reply with “Tsakoogine Mamooguh”!

Mariam Kirakosian Megrdichian passed away peacefully with her family by her side on Sunday, January 7, 2018, into the arms of our Lord Jesus Christ in Heaven. Life will never be the same without her beautiful smile and her loving heart for her family and friends.

Mariam was preceded in death by her parents, Gregor and Bengsat Kirakosian; brother, Galust Kirakosian; and her beloved husband, Hovhannes Megrdichian.

She leaves behind her daughter, Rosie Bedrosian and her husband Bryan; her grandson, Dr. Armen Bedrosian and his wife Stephanie; and her two great-granddaughters, Lillian Sonya and Vivian Rose Bedrosian. She is also survived by her sister, Rose Hovanesian, and her children, Manushag, and Gregor and his wife Garine, and their children, Lena, Paul, Levonig, Nicole, Ashot, and Anuta; her brother, Levon Kirakosian and his wife Silva, and their children, Dvin and Kristina, Leo, Aram, Gregor and Sevan, Garen and Juno; as well as many cousins.

In lieu of flowers, contributions may be made to The Holy Trinity Armenian Apostolic Church – Orphan Fund, 2226 Ventura St., Fresno, CA 93721; The Armenian Relief Society – Akhourian Mother and Child Birthing Hospital, P.O. Box 327, Fresno, CA 93708; or the Charlie Keyan Armenian Community School, 108 N. Villa, Clovis, CA 93612.

Parliament Committee Approves Statement on Yezidi Genocide

 

Thousands of Yezidis fled Mount Sinjar in Iraq

YEREVAN—Armenia’s National Assembly’s Standing Committee on Foreign Relation on Thursday approved a draft statement recognizing and condemning the genocide perpetrated against the Yezidi people by terrorists groups on territories of Iraq under their control. The issue will now be discussed at a plenary session of the Parliament.

The draft statement attaches importance to the efforts of the international community aimed at implementing the provisions of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.

It emphasizes the responsibility of states to respect the rights of ethnic and religious minorities stipulated by international law.

The statement reiterates the commitment of the Republic of Armenia and the Armenian people to fight to prevent genocides and other crimes against humanity.

If passed, the Armenian National Assembly will recognize and strongly condemn the acts of genocide against the Yezidi people on territories of the Republic of Iraq controlled by terrorist groups. It will deplore all expressions of terrorism and extremist ideology, the targeted persecution and cruel attitude towards the Yezidi people on the above mentioned territories.

The Armenian Parliament will also call to investigate those crimes through international structures and hold the perpetrators accountable.

It will call on the international community to take measures to ensure the security of the Yezidi population and provide them with humanitarian assistance, to spare no efforts to prevent human rights violations.

The draft statement will be discussed during the Standing Committee’s sitting on January 11.

The authorities in Iraq are aware of the process and have a positive stance. Members of the Parliament’s Standing Committee on Foreign Relations were briefed on the issue during a visit to Armenia.

Armenian and Azerbaijani FMs to meet in mid-January

Categories
Politics
Region

The new meeting of the foreign ministers of Armenia and Azerbaijan is scheduled in mid-January, Armenian deputy foreign minister Shavarsh Kocharyan told reporters in the parliament, adding that at the moment he cannot provide information on the meeting dates and place. “The meeting is scheduled in mid-January, but the foreign ministry cannot provide information about the exact date and place”, the deputy FM said.

Asked whether the meeting of presidents is possible after the ministers’ meeting, the deputy FM said: “As of now this issue is not being discussed yet”.

He stated that at the moment it’s very difficult to speak about the progress in the negotiations over the Nagorno Karabakh conflict settlement. “It’s difficult to talk about a progress since there is no trust environment between the sides. It absolutely doesn’t exist. We all witnessed different statements that are in line with Armenia’s foreign political positions according to which it is necessary to install the mechanisms that will form that environment”, the deputy minister said.

According to him, among the aforementioned conditions the priority is the maintenance of the ceasefire regime. Deputy FM Kocharyan emphasized that the meetings first of all aim at solving this issue which will also reduce the tension in the line of contact. “We again have losses, there are still shots, but, nevertheless, such meetings contribute to reducing the level of this tension”, he added.

OSCE chairing Italy supports Minsk Group efforts in NK conflict settlement (video)

Categories
Politics
Region

Italy is supporting the OSCE Minsk Group co-chairs in the Nagorno Karabakh conflict settlement issue, foreign minister Angelino Alfano, the new OSCE chairperson in office said in the OSCE Permanent Council, presenting the priorities and program of his chairmanship.

“We support the work of the OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chairs in the Nagorno Karabakh issue, for finding a final agreed solution for this conflict”, he said.

Alfano stressed that their attitude for protracted conflicts will remain the same and that during Italy’s term in the OSCE they will always focus of these issues.

RFE/RL Armenian Report – 01/11/2018

                                        Thursday, January 11, 2017

Tsarukian Bloc To Stay Away From Opposition Protest


 . Sisak Gabrielian


Armenia - Businessman Gagik Tsarukian campaigns in Masis, 24Mar2017.

Businessman Gagik Tsarukian's political alliance made clear on
Thursday that it will not join a demonstration against the latest
consumer price hikes in Armenia which is planned by another opposition
group.

The Yelk bloc said earlier this week that it will rally supporters in
Yerevan on January 19 to protest against the increased prices of fuel
and some foodstuffs. It blamed the Armenian government for rising
inflation.

"We respect decisions taken by partner political forces and their
methods of struggle," Mikael Melkumian, a leading member of the
Tsarukian Bloc, said of the planned protest. "It's up to them to do
that. But we have our own style of work."

"We believe that a lot can be done in the parliament," he told
RFE/RL's Armenian service (Azatutyun.am).

Melkumian, who is also a deputy speaker of the parliament, said the
Tsarukian Bloc will be seeking to counter the price hikes with
legislative initiatives. In particular, he said, it will press the
pro-government majority in the parliament next week to agree to
sweeping tax cuts that have long been championed by Tsarukian.

The tycoon's political force controls 31 seats in the 105-member
National Assembly, making it the second largest parliamentary
force. By comparison, Yelk has only 9 parliament deputies.

One of those deputies, Lena Nazarian, said on Thursday that the
upcoming Yelk rally may mark the beginning of sustained street
protests. "After all, the street is a political environment and people
protesting on the street can influence policy and decisions made by
the National Assembly," she said.


Armenia - President Serzh Sarkisian visits a new leisure center built
by businessman Gagik Tsarukian (R) in Tsaghkadzor, 20Dec2017.

Although the Tsarukian Bloc claims to be in opposition to President
Serzh Sarkisian, political analysts continue to question its
opposition credentials.

Tsarukian, who is one of the country's richest men, was forced to
leave the political arena nearly three years ago after challenging
Sarkisian's hold on power. He returned to active politics ahead of the
April 2017 parliamentary elections. The tycoon and his allies
criticized government policies but avoided personal attacks on the
president during the election campaign.

Sarkisian has regularly attended the inaugurations of new businesses
set up by Tsarukian in the last two years.



World Bank Again Upgrades Armenian Growth Forecasts


 . Artur Khachatrian


Armenia - Workers at a textile factory in Yerevan, 5Oct2017.

The World Bank has again improved its short-term outlook for Armenia,
saying that the Armenian economy will grow by around 4 percent
annually in the coming years.

In its latest global economic report released this week, the bank said
economic growth in the country was on course to accelerate to 3.7
percent in 2017. It will reach 3.8 percent this year and 4 percent in
2019 and 2020, according to the report.

A similar World Bank report issued in May forecast growth rates of 2.7
percent, 3.1 percent and 3.4 percent for2017, 2018 and 2019
respectively. It cited "the sustained expansion of the tradable
sectors and a modest recovery in domestic consumption."

Faster growth anticipated by the Washington-based institution would
still fall short of targets set by the Armenian government. According
to the latest government projections, Armenia's Gross Domestic Product
will increase, in real terms, by at least 4.5 percent this year and
over 5 percent in 2019.

President Serzh Sarkisian and other senior officials in Yerevan said
late last month that the Armenian economy is on track to expand by
more than 6 percent in 2017.

Commenting on the differing forecasts, Deputy Finance Minister Armen
Hayrapetian said on Thursday that the Armenian government believes in
a more optimistic macroeconomic scenario because of ongoing "reforms"
implemented by it. Hayrapetian also argued that the international
rating agency Fitch upgraded Armenia's economic outlook from "stable"
to "positive" last month.

The World Bank's May 2017 report also predicted that faster growth
will slightly reduce poverty in Armenia. "The poverty rate [measured
by the World Bank] is projected to fall from 23.8 percent in 2017 to
22.2 percent in 2019," it said.

However, Artak Manukian, a Yerevan-based economist, insisted on
Thursday that living standards in the country will actually worsen
this year due to the latest increases in the prices of some essential
products. Manukian singled out the increased cost of fuel, tobacco and
alcohol resulting from higher excise takes that took effect on January
1.



Former Oppositionist Wins Lawsuit Against Armenian State


 . Sargis Harutyunyan


Armenia - Opposition lawmaker Alexander Arzumanian speaks at a
parliament session in Yerevan, 26Oct2016.

Alexander Arzumanian, a former opposition politician currently serving
as Armenia's ambassador to Denmark, won on Thursday a court case
against the Armenian authorities that stems from his controversial
arrest in 2007.

The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) ordered the authorities to
pay Arzumanian 2,500 euros ($3,000) in damages. It ruled that his
four-month detention violated articles of a European convention
relating to criminal suspects' right to get a trial within a
"reasonable" time and be released from custody pending trial.

Arzumanian, who served as Armenia's foreign minister from 1996-1998,
declined to comment on the ruling.

Aruzmanian, 58, was arrested in May 2007 on charges of being illegally
financed from abroad. He consistently denied the accusations as
politically motivated before being set free four months later. The
high-profile case was linked by many observers with an anti-government
movement which Arzumanian and several other politicians opposed to
then President Robert Kocharian set up in 2006.

Arzumanian went on to play a major role in former President Levon
Ter-Petrosian's failed bid to return to power through a disputed
presidential election held in February 2008. He was among prominent
opposition figures arrested in the wake of the vote. Arzumanian spent
more than a year in prison.

The prominent oppositionist subsequently fell out with Ter-Petrosian
and teamed up with other opposition groups challenging President Serzh
Sarkisian. He held a seat in the Armenian parliament from 2012-2017.

Arzumanian was most recently affiliated with the Armenian Pan-National
Movement, a small opposition party. He quit the party in February
2017. Sarkisian appointed him as ambassador to Denmark five months
later.



Karabakh Reports Renewed Rise In Tourism


Nagorno-Karbaakh - The medieval Dadivank monastery, May 19, 2015.

The number of non-Armenian foreign tourists visiting Nagorno-Karabakh
jumped by 41 percent in 2017 after decreasing following the April 2016
war with Azerbaijan, a senior official in Stepanakert said on
Thursday.

Speaking to the Armenpress news agency, Artak Grigorian, the head of
Karabakh's tourism department, put their total number at more than
23,000. He said it is up by 30 percent from the 2015 total.

"We compare this figure with 2015 because we had a decline in tourism
in 2016," explained Grigorian. He said the number of tourists again
began rising last year thanks to an "active PR campaign" conducted by
the Karabakh leadership.

The official figures do not include residents of Armenia, who also
travel to Karabakh in larger numbers these days.

Grigorian said Russian nationals continue to account for the majority
of foreign tourists in Karabakh, followed by citizens of the United
States, France and Iran. All those countries have sizable ethnic
Armenian communities.

"We anticipate a further rise in visits from Russia this year because
we have targeted that market," added the Karabakh official. "We are
also working in the European direction."

Karabakh's main tourist attractions are mountainous scenery, medieval
Armenian monasteries as well as a cave complex thought to be the site
of one of the most ancient proto-human habitations in Eurasia. They
are located several dozen kilometers away from the heavily militarized
"line of contact" separating the Karabakh Armenian and Azerbaijani
armies.

The Azerbaijani authorities regard private or business trips to
Karabakh not authorized by them as a breach of Baku's sovereignty over
the territory. At least 600 foreign dignitaries and ordinary visitors
have been declared personae no grata in Azerbaijan for ignoring these
warnings.



Press Review


Armenia -- Newspapers for press review illustration, Yerevan,
12Jul2016

"Haykakan Zhamanak" describes as "weird" President Serzh Sarkisian's
emergency meeting with senior officials held on Wednesday in
connection with the latest increases in key consumer prices in
Armenia. The paper argues that as recently as one month Sarkisian
insisted that consumer price inflation in Armenia is low and no cause
for concern. It says he is worried about the opposition Yelk
alliance's decision to hold a demonstration in Yerevan on January 19
against the price hikes.

The rally, "Haykakan Zhamanak" goes on, will mark the "start of a
whole new political process" in Armenia. "And it is impossible to
predict what that process may lead to and how it will end," it says.

"Zhamanak" says Sarkisian's statements on the need to mitigate the
impact of higher prices on the low-income population were "largely
declarative." "And his hints about state support for eliminating
consequences [of higher prices] for socially vulnerable people are
rather anti-economic than economic," comments the paper. "The thing is
that no matter how important subsidies and other social allocations
are for the poor they are more likely to lead to waste rather than
development. Especially in resource-poor economies like Armenia."

In an interview with "Hayots Ashkhar," Tevan Poghosian, a political
analyst and a former parliamentarian, comments on the most recent
truce violations in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone. "The more we
provide our army with new equipment the more the enemy thinks of ways
of countering it," he says. "We strengthened the [Karabakh] border and
[Azerbaijani] incursions stopped. But we are now again engaged in a
war of snipers. It means that we need to think of new mechanisms and
new steps # We have no right to stop. We must work hard every day to
expand our military capabilities."

(Tigran Avetisian)



Reprinted on ANN/Armenian News with permission from RFE/RL
Copyright (c) 2018 Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, Inc.
1201 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20036.
www.rferl.org

Armenian Parliament to discuss draft statement on condemning genocidal acts against Yazidi people in Iraq

Armenpress News Agency, Armenia
January 9, 2018 Tuesday


Armenian Parliament to discuss draft statement on condemning genocidal
acts against Yazidi people in Iraq



YEREVAN, JANUARY 9, ARMENPRESS. Armenia’s Parliamentary Standing
Committee on Foreign Affairs will discuss the draft statement on
condemning the genocidal actions by terrorist group against Yazidi
people in Iraq, reports Armenpress.

The draft statement is included in the agenda of the Committee’s
extraordinary session to be convened on January 11.

The bill has been prepared by RPA faction MPs Rustam Makhmudyan,
Vahram Baghdasaryan and Armen Ashotyan.

ARMENPRESS presents the full version of the draft statement:

“The National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia,

Reaffirming the commitment of the Republic of Armenia to the human
rights protection, the goals and principles set by the UN Charter,

Attaching importance to the efforts of the international community
aimed at implementing the provisions of the Convention on the
Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide,

Highlighting the obligation of states enshrined by the international
law on respecting the rights of national and religious minorities,

Emphasizing the commitment of Armenia and the Armenian people to fight
on preventing genocides and other crimes against humanity,

Taking into account the N2170 (2014) resolution of the UN Security
Council, numerous calls of international governmental and
non-governmental organizations,

ANNOUNCES THAT

Recognizes and strictly condemns the genocidal acts by terrorist
groups against the Yazidi people committed in territories of Iraq
under their control,

Strongly condemns all acts of terrorism and extremist ideology, the
targeted actions by terrorist groups against the Yazidi people for
their ethnic, national, political or religious affiliation, the
tortures, inhuman and cruel treatment against them, the deliberate
targeting of civilian, educational, medical and other objects of
public significance, the destruction of religious and other historical
buildings,

Calls on the international community to investigate the crimes through
international procedures, prosecute and hold accountable the persons
who committed these international crimes,

Calls on the international community to take measures to ensure the
safety and protection of the Yazidi people, provide them humanitarian
aid, as well as make all possible efforts to prevent, rule out and
eliminate similar human rights violations”.

Armenia strongly needs stable and shock-free Iran, says expert on Iranian studies

Armenpress News Agency, Armenia
January 9, 2018 Tuesday


Armenia strongly needs stable and shock-free Iran, says expert on
Iranian studies



YEREVAN, JANUARY 9, ARMENPRESS. The Republic of Armenia strongly needs
stable Iran that will be without shocks, expert on Iranian studies
Gohar Iskandaryan told a press conference in ARMENPRESS, adding that
the stability in Iran derives from Armenia’s security interests.

“During these days statements at the Iranian presidential level were
made according to which it’s necessary to observe the crisis issues
and propose solutions. Today we see that there are no
anti-governmental protests in Iran. There have been protests in the
past two days, but they were pro-governmental. The participants were
trying to show their support to the government. These days we see that
the issues have been transferred to the parliament. It’s clear that
the reforms are a necessity, otherwise, we will witness similar
incidents”, she said.

Gohar Iskandaryan emphasized the importance of moving Iran to a
transition period without any shocks, otherwise, nothing good is
expected to Armenia and the region. According to her, in case of
shocks, Iran will lose control, many will use this situation, the
country will face different problems in connection with the Kurdish
issue and etc.

“Iran full of shocks doesn’t derive from Armenia’s security interests.
I am full of hope that Iran will draw right conclusions from this and
will carry out major reforms”, the expert on Iranian studies said.

She noted that the public’s complaint has a reason, a lot of
socio-economic issues wait for their solutions in the country. Hassan
Rouhani gave a lot of promises some of which were even left out.

As for the possible intervention of foreign powers in the current
situation in Iran, Gohar Iskandaryan said there will be attempts, but
at the moment the situation in Iran is under control.

Anti-governmental protests launched in Iran on December 28. Dozens of
protesters have been arrested.

Armenian Ambassador to Georgia presents NK conflict settlement efforts to his U.S. counterpart

Armenpress News Agency, Armenia
January 9, 2018 Tuesday


Armenian Ambassador to Georgia presents NK conflict settlement efforts
to his U.S. counterpart



YEREVAN, JANUARY 9, ARMENPRESS. Ambassador of Armenia to Georgia Ruben
Sadoyan had a working meeting with the U.S. Ambassador to Georgia
IanKelly on January 9.

As ARMENPRESS was informed from the Armenian Embassy in Georgia,
Ambassador Sadoyan presented Armenia’s foreign policy priorities to
his interlocutor, as well as the steps and developments over them.

Ruben Sadoyan presented to the U.S. Ambassador to Georgia the joint
efforts of Armenia and the OSCE Minsk Group Co-chair states aimed at
achieving any progress in Nagorno Karabakh peace process and the
un-constructive behavior of Azerbaijan. IanKelly noted that he is
aware of the developments and told about his activities when he was an
OSCE Minsk Group Co-chair representing the USA.

In this context Ambassador Sadoyan also informed his counterpart about
the recent provocative act by Azerbaijan in Artsakh when an Armenian
serviceman was killed by a sniper fire.

Afterwards, Ruben Sadoyan referred to the Comprehensive and Enhanced
Partnership Agreement between Armenia and the EU and the opportunities
stemming from it.

The Armenian Ambassador presented to his interlocutor the consistent
policy of Armenia in the fight against the crime of genocide and the
active efforts of Armenia on international platforms.

Ambassador Sadoyan also talked about the summit of the International
Organization of La Francophonie to be held in Yerevan this October.

During the meeting the sides exchanged views on a number of regional
and international issues.

‘Mirror, mirror on the wall’, letting ‘self-determination’ say it all

The Financial Express (Bangladesh)
January 9, 2018 Tuesday


'Mirror, mirror on the wall', letting 'self-determination' say it all



Bangladesh, Jan. 9 -- One-hundred years ago, almost to the date,
Woodrow Wilson put the old wine of self-determination into a new
bottle in such a way that the remaining 20th Century and also the 21st
continue to still reverberate. Presenting his 'Fourteen Points' to the
US Congress in his State of the Union address, Wilson helped
post-World War I peacekeeping by proposing to make the League of
Nations the vehicle. Governance of this sort, conducted previously
through the Concert of Europe, for example, turned out to be too
restricted in length, breadth, and depth at a time of imperial clout,
but that helped Wilson's broad-ranging vision be heard and heeded
across an equally wide segment of the world.

This is not to say the League of Nations was the medicine that the
doctor not only ordered but also pinned any cure upon. It was instead
what the Model-T was to automobile evolution in the first-half of the
20th Century, a prototype, in this case of global governance. Of
course, it floundered where it began, in Europe, but it was partly
fated to that culmination when its 'founding father', Wilson's,
proposal was abandoned by his country, the United States. Learning
from the many mistakes, its follow-up attempt, the United Nations,
still manages to stand on its own two feet. Obviously tottering with
membership exponentially climbing beyond the chart, global governance
nevertheless held on against so many other odds, diversifying methods
and instruments, but mostly becoming a part and parcel of everyday
conversation.

More important is the central idea behind global governance.
Sovereignty may be the name for it, but how it began under that
explosive 'self-determination' label supplies one strand to measure
its fate a century after its most famous advocate brought it into the
global lexicon.

When he articulated it, Wilson directly and specifically addressed
extant empires, ranging from Austro-Hungary's and the Ottomans' in
Europe and Asia Minor to Great Britain's and France's global empires.
That his own country emerged from such a trapping in 1776 served to
inspire many intellectuals in colonised societies across the world, as
if demanding US championship of their cause. Wilson's call would have
its immediate impact in Europe, where the nation-state was born almost
three centuries before: Austro-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey were
dismantled by the post-World War I Paris Peace Conferences, while
India and a string of African French colonies had to wait a generation
or more longer.

Dismantling empires posed an unresolved problem, indeed, complicating
matters as if to thwart any such outcome. This was the nationality
problem. The Treaty of Westphalia sanctified statehood in terms of
nationality, and since that was the medium and mode, it spawned
problems not just in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, but even across
Europe. Neither the Austro-Hungarian nor Turk empires could be
dissolved into 'nation'-based states since certain nationalities,
especially the larger ones, wanted to control the minorities: Turks
wanted to control the Armenians and Kurds, among others. So too was
the case of the Slavs over Bosnians and Croats. In short, dissolving
the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires produced some vexing
problems: Yugoslavia's 1990s dissolution produced the most savage
European moments since World War II, out of which Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Croatia, and Serbia had to be carved out in the 1990s. Next-door
Czechoslovakia also had to be reduced, albeit peacefully, to the Czech
Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia; while, Turk consolidation almost
eliminated the Armenians and disseminated the Kurds into at least five
different states. Iraq and Syria continue that same struggle today, to
convert artificial state-nations into nation-states, with Shias,
Sunnis, and Kurds creating differently coloured but mostly
incompatible constellations in each.

India further illustrates what is at stake. Its well-known story began
when the 1947 independence created two major states, each congested
with too many nationalities to give any sense of stability.
Bangladesh's split from Pakistan became South Asia's Damoclean Sword,
just as Africa's thornier tribal yardstick not only presents an
alternate and more complicated statehood platform, but also predicts
far more volatile outcomes.

Whatever peace the nation-state brought to West Europe, cannot be
replicated elsewhere. This is the net result of rallying behind
'self-determination' slogans. Self-determination need not be
nationalistically-driven. Since self-determination, as a call for
freedom, rallies multiple nationalities simultaneously, how to tame
the competing nationalistic surges behind the self-determination
crusades becomes the sine qua non of state survival.

If Wilson's self-determination calls remain open-ended still, the book
on empires cannot be fully closed. From the Balfour Declaration and
the Sykes-Picot Agreement to the McMahon Line, we see divisions backed
by armies to such an extent that global security hinges upon them.
Self-determination has been snuffed or subjugated, nationalist fires
refuse to taper, and even consummated nationalism, as in Spain, hovers
close to another type of a cleavage, based on ethnicity.

Self-determination may be more problematic a label and reality now
than when Wilson elevated its call; but had he, or someone else, not
risen to the occasion, perhaps the 20th Century may have been far more
bloody than it turned out to be. If the 30-odd sovereign members of
the League of Nations had not multiplied to the near-200 UN members
today, we would have the perpetual war Thomas Hobbes warned us about;
and even if empires had broken down, dictators ruling state-nations
would have infested every continent to as abysmal a low point as any
colonial identity could.

It is for that reason that a salute is due to the man who stood out to
alert a far wider world of the basic human right being absent. When we
consider human rights issues today, behind the teeming millions still
not relishing them, the figure of Woodrow Wilson stands tall: he
helped motivate everyone to mould a more natural collective identity,
but also to institutionalise it in some way. He set the example by
drifting from his own country in order to push the nail home after
1918. Ultimately, by not following his 1918 lead, the United States
had to re-do the entire ball-game during World War II at Dumbarton
Oaks and other locations. Yet, once ensnared, self-determination
literally opened a Pandora's box of human rights that we must now
disseminate.

That he stood up from an isolationist premise redoubles his doubly
noteworthy contribution. As a forerunner of US internationalism,
though that status produced its own conflicts, and quite a host of
them, the United States still remains one of the most crucial
champions of human rights and self-determination today as they enter
their second century of inducing individuals to maximise their own
rights and values opens up. It is a salutary moment in a tribally-torn
21st Century when an individual identity-search has far outpaced its
nationality-based counterpart.

Dr. Imtiaz A. Hussain is Professor & Head of the newly-built
Department of Global Studies & Governance at Independent University,
Bangladesh.